...n proposed and well-documented studies showing the coexistence of abnormal pain perception and ADHD. Some of the studies are more theoretical or have low
* Abnormal sensory processing in ADHD and pain transmission<ref>Panagiotidi M, Overton PG, Stafford T. [https://www.scienc
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...les in lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Apr 15;25(8):989-94.</ref>
One of the possible classifications for low back pain is a time based classification: <br>
14 KB (2,166 words) - 00:34, 13 October 2019
...panded upon by the addition of six key notes and the etymology of the word pain for further valuable context;
...lenges, and compromises. Pain. 2020 Sep 1;161(9):1976-1982. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001939. PMID: 32694387; PMCID: PMC7680716.]</ref>.
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...and attitudes of healthcare professionals in primary medical centers. Pain Management Nursing. 2020 Jun 1;21(3):265-70.</ref>
...he management of pain in older people–a summary report. British Journal of Pain. 2022 Feb;16(1):6-13.</ref>
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...or nerve damage ([http://www.physio-pedia.com/Neuropathic_pain neuropathic pain]).
...tations of the medication in managing [[Chronic Pain and the Brain|chronic pain]]; and to understand the peak action of the medication and when is the best
29 KB (4,205 words) - 22:05, 10 October 2022
...al and physiological pain responses.<ref>Butler D, Moseley L.2015. Explain Pain</ref>
...is K, Murray E, Cherven B, McCracken C, Travers C. Effect of Vibration on Pain Response to Heel Lance: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial. Adv Neonatal Care
6 KB (799 words) - 10:27, 23 December 2022
...la for healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom. European Journal of Pain. 15 (8) 789-795.</ref>
...em make sense of their pain and guide them towards effective, ongoing self-management.
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...Body-mindfulness in physiotherapy for the management of long-term chronic pain. Physical therapy reviews. 2008 Feb 1;13(1):45-56.</ref>
...interventions reduce pain intensity? A critical review of the literature. Pain Medicine. 2013;14(2):230-42.</ref>A state of mindfulness begins by acceptin
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== What is Pain Management? [[Image:Cognitive-graphic.gif|thumb|right|300px]] ==
...ombined approach can be used<ref name="But">Butler DS, Moseley GL. Explain pain. Adelaide: Noigroup Publications; 2003</ref>.
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== Multidimensionality of Pain ==
...Chronic Pain Management. Published online. 2011. Available at: www.change.pain.com</ref><br>
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...os, James McLean, Lynn Rader. Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Approach to Pain. Medical Clinics of North America, Volume 91, Issue 1, Pages 57-95. 2007</r
...old standard" psychological treatment for individuals with a wide range of pain problems. It can be used alone or in conjunction with medical or interdisci
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...sations following an amputation that should be discussed when referring to pain following amputation. Some of them are extremely painful and terribly unple
== Why Does Pain Occur? ==
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...ptor and [[Nociception|nociceptive]] pathways by a noxious stimulus is not pain".<ref name=":0" />
...Exercise -Therapeutic|exercise therapy]] can be an important treatment for pain. There are many other additional benefits of exercise and regular [[Physica
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== Pain ==
...n and News.Jul 16,2020.(cited: 12/6/2020) Available from: https://www.iasp-pain.org/PublicationsNews/NewsDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=10475
15 KB (2,125 words) - 01:54, 28 July 2023
...relief: a functional magnetic resonance imaging-based review and primer.] Pain reports. 2019 Jul;4(4). DOI:10.1097/PR9.0000000000000759 </ref>
* Alleviation of pain
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...n]] as part of the [http://members.physio-pedia.com Physiopedia Plus] neck pain course.
...o?view=chart</nowiki>.</ref> limitations and difficulties of treating neck pain in the Caribbean.
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...through a proper [[Evidence Based Assessment of Pain in Displaced Persons|pain assessment]], should be considered while framing a treatment strategy.<ref
While the overall management of pain in displaced persons is very similar to other populations, the selection o
31 KB (4,412 words) - 12:54, 13 March 2023
...Pain in Pregnancy, Risk Factors, and Its Effects on Quality of Life]. Pain Management Nursing. 2020 Dec 1;21(6):579-86.</ref>
...ent sample size, the generalisability is limited and the classification of pain, type and localisation were subjectively assessed.<ref name=":13" />
28 KB (4,016 words) - 11:56, 10 March 2023
...e biomechanical and psychosocial elements that may cause or influence this pain.This page aims to provide an overview of possible physiotherapy interventio
...rsonality in amputee and chronic pain populations. The Clinical journal of pain. 1992 Dec;8(4):351-7.</ref>.<br>
37 KB (5,487 words) - 15:30, 6 June 2017
...D. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7186678/ Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates fro
=== '''Low Back Pain Classification by Duration:''' ===
61 KB (8,853 words) - 12:53, 26 June 2023
...es. These pinched nerves can cause neurological issues, including shooting pain in the neck and other parts of the body.
...to excessive lumbar lordosis (swayback posture), contributing to low back pain and SI joint dysfunction. Gluteus muscles are inhibited with SI joint dysfu
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...e patient has demonstrated a clear positive response with the abolition of pain and reduction in her self rated disability, using the [[Oswestry Disability
...back pain, which was cramping in nature and rated at 4/10 on the [[Numeric Pain Rating Scale|Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)]] with occasional radiation into
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...costs<ref>Dagenais S, Caro J, Haldeman S. A systematic review of low back pain cost of illness studies in the United States and internationally. The spine
...outer LM. Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common int
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...Core Stability Exercise in the Management of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain]]
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...n approaches in physical therapy management of a case of subacute low back pain]]
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...Core Stability Exercise in the Management of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain]]
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...Core Stability Exercise in the Management of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain]]
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== About The Physiotherapy Pain Association (PPA) ==
...ith the common interest of managing patients with both acute and long term pain. It was established in 1994 and recognised as a Clinical Interest Group of
2 KB (341 words) - 15:12, 18 April 2019
...ance. It is both pleased and proud to have led this project to develop the Pain section in Physiopedia.
...Education/CurriculumDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=2055 IASP Curriculum Outline on Pain for Physical Therapy].
7 KB (916 words) - 09:04, 28 July 2023
...and attitudes of healthcare professionals in primary medical centers. Pain Management Nursing. 2020 Jun 1;21(3):265-70.</ref>
...he management of pain in older people–a summary report. British Journal of Pain. 2022 Feb;16(1):6-13.</ref>
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This page highlights all the available guidelines for low back pain from the international community. If you know of any more please add
...t.2021.0304 Interventions for the management of acute and chronic low back pain: revision 2021: clinical practice guidelines linked to the international cl
6 KB (816 words) - 15:32, 11 February 2024
...sia or allodynia in the same region<ref>Finnerup, N.B. & Baastrup, C. Curr Pain Headache Rep (2012) 16: 207. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-012-025
Antiepileptics’ mechanism of action for treating pain is not fully understood, although it is proposed to work as a GABA agonist
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# [https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg177 Osteoarthritis: care and management], NICE CPGs Published date: February 2014
...tps://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg124/chapter/Recommendations Hip fracture: management], NICE CPGs Last updated: May 2017
4 KB (549 words) - 03:56, 1 February 2023
[[File:Low Back Pain Guy.jpg|thumb|alt=|200x200px]]
...doi/abs/10.1177/1559827620971547 Lifestyle medicine for chronic lower back pain: an evidence-based approach]. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2021;
4 KB (590 words) - 13:37, 13 September 2021
...s, and swelling, are often associated with functional limitations, chronic pain and lower quality of life.<ref>Hsu H, Siwiec RM. Knee Osteoarthritis.2019 A
==Conservative vs Surgical Management ==
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...aries to elevate the standard of care for individuals dealing with chronic pain. Our [https://healthmaxphysio.com/scarborough/ physiotherapy clinic in Scar
...hniques utilized at HealthMax Physiotherapy Clinics for addressing chronic pain.
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...changes and healthier living through nutrition, physical activity, disease management many lifestyle related diseases can be prevented.
==== Lifestyle Medicine for Health and Disease Management ====
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== What is Pain ? ==
...]</ref>. It is usually subjective<ref>Merskey, H., 1991. The definition of pain. ''European psychiatry''.</ref>.
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== Acute Pain ==
...resources/college-publications/acute-pain-management/apmse5.pdf Acute pain management: scientific evidence.] Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists;
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...re used to treat different types of spinal disorders ranging from low back pain to complex spine trauma and deformity.
...ons such as ligamentous, osseous or musculotendinous diseases, and in pain management.
3 KB (411 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...in, fatigue, anxiety, etc.<ref>Prowse T. General Management of Paediatric Pain Problems Course. Plus. 2022.
...of safety in me’.<ref name=":0" /> The overall goal for self-management of pain is to effectively decrease DIMS while increasing SIMS.<ref name=":4" /> Mos
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...12602711].</ref> It is a common, but underrecognized cause of benign chest pain in children and adolescents.The pathophysiology of the syndrome is unknown.
...ren aged 6 to 12 years.<ref name=":0" /> There is no sex predilection. The pain usually occurs while the patient is at rest, but never occurs during sleep.
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...ent in the elderly: evaluation of psychometric properties of the Geriatric Pain Measure-Portuguese version. Revista Dor. 2015 Jun;16(2):136-41.</ref>.
...002) and recommends that multidimensional tools should be used to evaluate pain quantification and approach in the elderly in a multidimensional manner and
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Side stitch is an acute, localized, pain on the upper side of the abdomen which can occur after exercise.
It is also called '''Exercise Induced Abdominal Pain (E.I.A.P.)'''. <ref name=":0">Eichner ER. Stitch in the side: causes, worku
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...and move around in the joint, and can result into catching and subsequent pain. These defects does not heal as with bone, but are instead filled with scar
* Pain in the joint
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...prevalence of lumbosacral pathology in patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome]. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2022
[[File:Lower back pain.png|center|thumb|260x260px|Low Back Pain ]]
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...ice.org.uk/guidance/cg61 Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management.] (published date: <time>2008; updated 2017) [Accessed 21 Jul 2022]</time>
....uk/guidance/cg99 Constipation in children and young people: diagnosis and management]. (published date: <time>2010; updated 2017). [Accessed 21 Jul 2022]</time
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=== Medical Management ===
* [[Pain Management in Spinal Cord Injury|Pain Management]]
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A patient - chronic left lateral elbow pain with associated weakness in his left hand.
...and how to improve things<br>To begin treatment where appropriate/set out management plan.
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...ers and facilitators <br>14. The relationship between fitness and low back pain <br>
*[[Classification Of Low Back Pain Using Shirley Sahrmann’s Movement System Impairments, An Overview Of The
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...improve upper limb function. This module will provide a guideline for the management of the tetraplegic upper limb, describe rehabilitation principles to develo
== Function and Management According to Neurological Level ==
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...greater than a person with a single limb amputation. These challenges are: pain, adjustment to lifestyle, return to quality of life. Multiple amputation co
==Medical and Surgical Management==
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...musculature and surrounding tissue<ref>Finnerup, N.B. & Baastrup, C. Curr Pain Headache Rep (2012) 16: 207. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-012-025
...drug class’ addictive potential, it is not recommended for long term pain management. Benzodiazepines can also be prescribed to address spasticity on a short-te
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.../painmedicine/article/16/1/51/2460400 what is its role in pain medicine?]. Pain Medicine. 2015 Jan 1;16(1):51-60.</ref>
== Spiritual Pain ==
9 KB (1,228 words) - 17:56, 24 July 2023
...eg nerve fibers carrying nociceptive signals are interrupted resulting in pain relief.<ref name=":4">Tariq RA, Mueller M, Green MS. Neuraxial Neurolysis.
* External neurolysis is releasing [[Scar Management|scar]] tissue from the nerve
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..., the weakness of the back extensor muscles can also form the basis of the pain as it will put a load on the Quadratus Lumborum.
...of the patients with quadratus lumborum involvement, present with low back pain.
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== Pain ==
...n and News.Jul 16,2020.(cited: 12/6/2020) Available from: https://www.iasp-pain.org/PublicationsNews/NewsDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=10475
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...ia, intramedullary (IM) nail fixation of bilateral femurs and conservative management of the pelvic fracture. This resulted in an extensive stay in ICU followed
...y admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following initial conservative management.
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...timuli and the stimuli is maintained for 15- 20 seconds. If indicated, the pain will reduce in this period and the patient would have gained a new P1.
...le pain producing compression force with movement for '''20 seconds''' the pain would often disappear or would be significantly reduced."<br></div>
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...|Chronic low back pain]] or [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck pain]]<ref name=":0" />
* Multiple areas of pain<ref name=":0" />
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[[File:Integrative Medicine and Pain page - Photo credit Canva - Nanette Grebe - acupuncture.png|thumb|Acupunctu
Figure 1 outlines various disease management strategies.
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== Management ==
===== Conservative management =====
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== Pain Phases ==
...acute and persistent/chronic pain and the implications for assessment and management of the patient:
9 KB (1,215 words) - 03:43, 31 July 2023
Freiberg’s test elicits pain by passively internal rotation of the extended hip, when the patient is in
...-18</ref>,<ref name="Lori">Lori A, Boyajian- O’ Neill et al. Diagnosis and Management of Piriformis syndrome : an osteopathic approach. The journal of the Americ
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...bservation, and ePAT that is an electronic application developed to assess pain for people with dementia.
== Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale ==
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...matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain]. Spine 2002;27(24):2529-2602.</ref>. The McKenzie side glide test is an as
.../articles/PMC2646960/ McKenzie diagnosis and therapy in the evaluation and management of a lumbar disc derangement syndrome: A case study.] J Chiropr Med, 2013;
6 KB (936 words) - 19:06, 4 July 2023
....2004.34.11.686 Proposal of a classification system for patients with neck pain.] Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2004 Nov;34(11):686-700
...tion System for Patients Receiving Physical Therapy Interventions for Neck Pain.] Physical Therapy, 87(5), 513-524.</ref>.
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[[File:Back pain image.jpg|right]]
...t, depression, anxiety, pain-related disability and pain intensity]. Eur J Pain [Internet]. 2022 June 12 [cited 2023 May 22]. 26:1611–1635</ref>.
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Corticosteroids are predominantly used for symptomatic relief of acute pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name=":0">Singh
...and modalities. Reference [[Osteoporosis|this page]] for physical therapy management of osteoporosis.
3 KB (442 words) - 06:17, 26 September 2023
...package of care offered by physical therapists to individuals with spinal pain.
...lected patients and for specific neuromusculoskeletal conditions to reduce pain, improve mobility and optimise function. Spinal manipulation is not appropr
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== Management / Interventions ==
* Topical analgesic to reduce pain and itching
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...[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factors in
...of many factors eg the different definitions and duration of thoracic back pain included.
7 KB (983 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...-13-23.</ref> In addition, they may later be combined with [[DMARDs in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis|DMARD]]<nowiki/>s to control the disease process.<r
...armacological Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis|<<Back to Pharmacological Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis]] ======
4 KB (572 words) - 07:13, 31 October 2021
...lth and Clinical Excellence. [https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph27 Weight Management Before, During and After Pregnancy]. 2010. [Accessed 21 Jul 2022]
...nice.org.uk/guidance/cg192 Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance]. (published: 2014; updated:2018). [Accessed 21 Jul 20
4 KB (462 words) - 11:04, 21 July 2022
...Donelson R. The role of repeated end-range/pain response assessment in the management of symptomatic lumbar discs. Spine J. 2003 Mar-Apr;3(2):146-54. doi: 10.101
In patients with [[Neck Pain Tool-kit: Step 1|neck]] and [[Low Back Pain|back pain]], it has been found that a directional preference was present in 70%<ref>M
4 KB (587 words) - 16:15, 11 June 2022
...754-3 Evidenz- und konsensusbasierte o¨sterreichische Leitlinien fu¨ r das Management akuter und chronischer unspezifischer Kreuzschmerzen]. Wien Klin Wochenschr
...Guidelines Group (2003) Evidence-based management of acute musculoskeletal pain. Australian Academic Press, Bowen Hills: Australia, National Health and Med
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== Management and Treatment ==
The treatment of Benediction Hand involves the management and treatment of the underlying median nerve pathology. Treatment options
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Recently, there have been incredible expansions in the management of RA due to an increasing number of available drug options
...ndependent of acute symptoms. Symptomatic therapy is used to relieve acute pain and [[Inflammation Acute and Chronic|inflammation]] associated with the dis
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...port to women before, during, and after labor, and they can help to manage pain and improve the progression of labor.
...ach women about different positions and techniques that can help to manage pain and improve the progression of labor.
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...is defined as an acute or chronic joint inflammation. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, stiffness, and redness which may contribute to reduced function
* Regular physical activity and exercise are important in the management of all forms of inflammatory arthritis (IA), including rheumatoid arthritis
6 KB (979 words) - 12:01, 24 July 2023
...mme that allows for early identification and monitoring is the keystone of management.<br>Hip Surveillance is the process of identifying and monitoring the criti
1. Progressive hip displacements can lead to hip dislocations<br>2. Severe pain<br>3. Impaired function i.e. loss of mobility, inability to be correctly po
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...nal cord and activate the endogenous [[Opioids|opiate]] system to suppress pain.<ref>Neuroscientifically Challenged PAG Available:https://neuroscientifical
...re three types of opioid receptors which regulate the neurotransmission of pain signals. These receptors are called mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.
9 KB (1,308 words) - 05:51, 18 April 2022
Negative thoughts (e.g., "My back pain is uncontrollable" --> Negative feelings (e.g., depression, anger) and m
...-sagepub-com.ezproxy.med.nyu.edu/doi/full/10.1177/0193945915615869 Chronic Pain and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Integrative Review]’, ''Western Jour
10 KB (1,477 words) - 16:06, 29 August 2023
* Pain may be constant or intermittent
* Can produce pain during movement or at end range
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*Conservative Management
*Conservative Management
3 KB (439 words) - 00:32, 12 March 2018
Patients usually present with [[Pain Assessment|pain]], pathological [[fracture]], a palpable lump or local mass effect. Hypergl
== Medical Management ==
7 KB (942 words) - 12:38, 16 September 2022
...st’. It is found that up to 32-73% of youth athletes are affected by wrist pain from overuse injuries<ref name=":1" />, and 15% of which involves the grow
...the distal radius growth plate and over dorsal rim radius often reproduce pain. Patients often report symptoms being aggravated by weight-bearing activiti
8 KB (1,056 words) - 06:34, 28 June 2023
.... 2014 Jun 30;26(6). Available from: Walker J. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of osteomalacia. Nursing older people. 2014 Jun 30;26(6).(last accessed 26.
...uscle pains. A waddling gait may be present due to muscle weakness and hip pain. A [[fracture]] may be the first presenting sign<ref name=":0" />. Bony def
5 KB (703 words) - 01:30, 23 August 2019
...ably facet joints, spinal muscles, and ligaments. [[Low Back Pain|Low back pain]] is a major clinical and socioeconomic burden in the global health sector
...page focuses on the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of LSPS and pain arising from pathology involving the intervertebral disc.<ref name=":0">Pat
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Groin pain including [[Groin Strain|groin strains]] are common among athletes who part
...groin pain adds up to the complexities surrounding the diagnosis of groin pain.<ref name=":0" />
10 KB (1,378 words) - 10:35, 22 November 2021
...sk Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders describes Neck pain as "pain located in the anatomical region of the neck with or without radiation to t
...P, Beneka A, Karagiannidis A, Godolias G, Assessment of patients with neck pain: a review of definitions, selection criteria, and measurement tools; Journa
10 KB (1,445 words) - 11:50, 15 November 2023
...nition.htm</nowiki></ref>This is termed as intermittent claudication. Rest pain can also occur in severe conditions and can hamper the [[Activities of Dail
...tional capacity of an individual. Hence, it is important to categorise the pain as claudication so that one can come to a definite diagnosis and treat it a
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== Multidimensionality of Pain ==
...Chronic Pain Management. Published online. 2011. Available at: www.change.pain.com</ref><br>
13 KB (1,914 words) - 01:37, 22 November 2019
[[File:Pain experience.png|thumb|Pain experience]]
...related to sensitivity of peripheral pain receptors and variability in CNS pain processing. Reasons for this include:
10 KB (1,286 words) - 23:27, 30 April 2022
...ross over the second, creating tenosynovitis. This is typically noted as a pain just proximal and dorsal to the radial styloid, or also noted anatomically
The presentation is typically one that the patient complains of pain or tenderness over the dorsal aspect of the wrist proximal to the radial st
8 KB (1,117 words) - 15:21, 26 October 2020
.../S2173580821000663?via%3Dihub#bib0105 Spinal cord stimulation: beyond pain management]. Neurología (English Edition). 2022 Sep 1;37(7):586-95.</ref>
...N, Menovsky T, Vanneste S. Burst spinal cord stimulation for limb and back pain. World neurosurgery. 2013 Nov 1;80(5):642-9.</ref>
6 KB (766 words) - 00:27, 3 April 2024
...il S. [https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/16/1/26/2463139 Rib fracture management]. Bja Education. 2016 Jan 1;16(1):26-32.</ref>. This condition is of clini
...thology of rib fracture is associated with decreased chest movement due to pain. This further reduces the tidal volume and may predispose to significant [[
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...axter's nerve entrapment. However, it's an often-overlooked source of heel pain.<ref name=":0">Stephen Offutt DP, Patrick DeHeer DP. How to address Baxters
* A sharp, radiating pain worse at night and after physical activity (such as walking).<ref name=":2"
5 KB (764 words) - 17:55, 29 June 2023
At any given site, a history of pain or abnormal sensation commonly precedes the onset of motor symptoms. Abnorm
...the involvement of both extremities.<ref name=":0" /> Some patients report pain and discomfort in the affected extremity.<ref name=":1" />
7 KB (879 words) - 17:02, 27 September 2021
...omfort caused by coronary artery disease. Pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest. Can also feel discomfort in the neck, jaw, shou
...be accompanied by other symptoms (such as nausea, shortness of breath, or pain in the neck, shoulder, jaw, arm, or back). Angina pectoris typically occurs
9 KB (1,296 words) - 15:07, 19 January 2023
...w that chronic pain in children and adolescents is a predictor for chronic pain in adults.<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" />
== Pain ==
9 KB (1,319 words) - 00:48, 25 January 2023
...muscle function. It is commonly seen in rehabilitation setting actions as management for increased tone or spasticity. In some cases, It is used for children wi
...etal pain, [[headache]], [[fibromyalgia]] and [[Myofascial pain|myofascial pain syndrome.]]<ref>See S, Ginzburg R. Choosing a skeletal muscle relaxant. Ame
6 KB (796 words) - 10:36, 23 June 2023
* Back pain/headaches
...he time of consultation and uses a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to measure pain, systemic symptoms, and functional impact; and a 5-point scale to measure b
7 KB (952 words) - 02:26, 26 February 2024
...t and extension-rotation test) is a provocative test useful for diagnosing pain related to [[Facet Joint Syndrome|facet joint pathology]], e.g. [[osteoarth
# The test is considered positive when the patient reports [[Pain Assessment|pain]], numbness or tingling in the area concerned.<ref>Radiopedia Kemp Test Ava
5 KB (823 words) - 23:29, 18 December 2023
...tion sense on the same side from damage to the dorsal column and a loss of pain and temperature sensation (hemianaesthesia) contralateral to the lesion owi
* Contralateral loss of [[Pain Assessment|pain]] and temperature sensations below the level of the lesion<ref>Wright R, Si
8 KB (1,049 words) - 18:01, 21 June 2023
Zika, physical therapy, joint pain, Guatemala<br>
...ive findings included fever, mosquito bites, and decreased movement due to pain. Pt was referred on to physician for further diagnostic testing for underly
4 KB (663 words) - 00:09, 12 March 2018
...and move around in the joint, and can result into catching and subsequent pain. These defects does not heal as with bone, but are instead filled with scar
* Pain in the joint
10 KB (1,500 words) - 15:42, 29 August 2023
For caregivers to assess the pain experience of people with end-stage [[dementia]] who are non-verbal.
...under reported in the dementia population. In the absence of self-reported pain, caregivers and clinicians must rely on their observation and the knowledge
6 KB (902 words) - 12:43, 1 March 2023
...ttern the patient will present with shallow short breathing pattern due to pain. It is an injury affect the muscles between two or more ribs<ref name=":0">
...nnis ball.<ref>Tran H. [https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/upper-back-pain/causes-intercostal-muscle-strain Causes of Intercostal Muscle Strain]. Spin
9 KB (1,391 words) - 16:28, 16 March 2023
...ptoms often follow a [[Dermatomes|dermatomal]] distribution, and can cause pain and numbness that wraps around to the front of your body..
* Symptoms of radiculopathy vary by location but frequently include pain, weakness, numbness and tingling.
10 KB (1,299 words) - 12:41, 25 April 2020
...eat soft tissue, mobilise joints, stretch tight muscles and fascia, reduce pain and improve circulation and lymphatic drainage.<ref name=":0">Thomas E, Cav
== Evidence for Muscle Energy Technique in the Management of Pelvic Girdle Dysfunction ==
11 KB (1,590 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case–control study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2019 Jul 1
Most commonly neck pain arises from poor posture on the bike or a poor bike fit. This includes[[Fil
8 KB (1,232 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...ool to screen for [[Assessment and Management of Concussion|assessment and management of concussion]] with children aged from 5 to 12.<ref name=":0">Echemendia R
...creening tool for [[Assessment and Management of Concussion|assessment and management of concussion]] in younger population, though the diagnosis of a concussion
3 KB (463 words) - 19:19, 4 July 2023
...ng in patella tendinopathy, but it is also a key symptom in patellofemoral pain. By looking at the patient's entire clinical picture, the correct diagnosis
When tendons act as springs (e.g. the patella tendon during jumping), tendon pain can be related to overload. It is important to understand the different loa
8 KB (1,175 words) - 02:38, 2 November 2023
...It refers to an abnormal pattern of walking secondary to [[Pain Behaviours|pain]] that ultimately causes a limp, whereby the stance phase is shortened rela
...ditions can improve with [[Treatment‐based classification approach to neck pain|treatment]].<ref name=":2">Healthline Antalgic gait Available: https://www.
7 KB (936 words) - 19:08, 18 November 2023
...not have high diagnostic accuracy but a combination with other sacroiliac pain provocation tests gives valid evidence for sacroiliac dysfunction. <br>The
.... 1998 Aug;11(4):341-5.</ref><ref name="Vier">P Vercellini. Chronic pelvic pain. Wiley-Blackwell 2011: 118-119</ref>
5 KB (701 words) - 22:26, 31 January 2021
