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...ebk&AN=2513712&site=ehost-live Acute Care Physical Therapy : A Clinician’s Guide], Second Edition [Internet]. Vol. Second edition. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Inco ...as exchange.<ref name=":0" /> These factors all lead to an increase in the patient’s work of breathing and increases the risk for developing pneumonia and [

...m immediate care to subsequent management. It highlights the importance of patient education and addressing the psychosocial factors involved that will aid re "Immediately after a soft tissue injury, do no harm and let PEACE guide your approach"<ref name=":1" /> (Minor Soft Tissue Injuries may need ''PEAC

...om health professional to a patient. It is one of the significant steps in patient management. The word prescription originates from Latin “pre” meaning b * Name, Age, Date of Birth of the patient

# Assessment of the patient == Patient Assessment ==

...nt of disorders other than schizophrenia please visit the FDA’s medication guide for aripiprazole: [https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/201 ...suffering from psychotic disorders, physical therapists should monitor the patient’s mood or affect closely and adjust the treatment accordingly.

...employed<br>3. Patient has several co-morbidities such as DM and HTN<br>4. Patient is depressed and has history of smoking and drinking<br>Environmental: There were four main goals that were establish in order to guide the treatment sessions:<br>1. Prevent complications<br>2. Manage the wound

'''Forms:''' QuickDASH, NAS for Pain, Self Perceived Recovery, PASS (Patient Acceptable Symptom Trait) ...treatment to the shoulder: Mobs, stretching, and strengthening exercises. Modalities as needed if pain is greater than 5 on the VAS. Standardized HEP for the sh

...pain. Phys Ther. 2003;83:471-85.</ref>. It addresses the five elements of patient management: examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and intervention. ...The Hypothesis-Oriented Algorithm for Clinicians II (HOAC II): a guide for patient management. Physical Therapy. 2003;83(5):455. Available at: http://www.ncbi

...ual Therapy#Biopsychosocial|biopsychosocial]] framework of each individual patient."<ref>IFOMPT. OMPT Definition. Available from: https://www.ifompt.org/About ...es integrated with exercise, patient education, and other physical therapy modalities to address pain, loss of function, and wellness.

== Traditional Physiotherapy Modalities == ...s used in physiotherapy. Some suggest that the term electrotherapy implies modalities that use electric current only in treatment.

...;26:788–797. discussion 798–799</ref>. The identification of a homogeneous patient population would likely enhance the potential to initiate targeted interven ...appropriate, non-threatening words that will not be misinterpreted by the patient<ref>Bedell SE, Graboys TB, Bedell E, Lown B. Words that harm, words that he

...ntable?. In: Salen, P. , Stawicki, S. P. , editors. Contemporary Topics in Patient Safety - Volume 2 [Working Title] [Internet]. London: IntechOpen; 2022 [cit ==Domains of patient safety practices==

...lder OA is often controversial and includes both nonoperative and surgical modalities. # Nonoperative modalities should be offered before operative treatment is considered, particularly fo

...o account both the medical and social situation of the person. Keeping the patient's [[Goal Setting in Rehabilitation|goals]], desires, expectations and anxie * Modalities increasing local blood flow, such as [[Therapeutic Ultrasound|ultrasound th

...atus of the patient, but they also highlight the efficacy of treatment and guide which treatment methods to use. '''Figure 5'''. Imaging modalities and tissues examined <ref name=":0" />

* If the patient is complaining of an important weakness or neurological symptoms, examinati If a patient cannot complete a movement, but is pain-free, there is a possibility of a c

...me=":0">Clinical Practice Guidelines. Available from: https://www.apta.org/patient-care/evidence-based-practice-resources/cpgs [last accessed 10.04.2022]</ref ...shed by APTA sections and are provided to help clinicians choose treatment modalities to achieve the best outcomes.<ref name=":0" />

Remember, we can use the Treatment-based Classification System to guide our approach to managing individuals with low back pain with or without lum * pain that wakes the patient up from sleep (please note this does have a high false positive rate)

...(SMT) is a technique that treats [[Low Back Pain|back pain]], [[Neck Pain Patient Decision Aid: Step 4|neck pain]] and other musculoskeletal conditions via t ...ce Based Practice(EBP) in Physiotherapy|evidence-based]] tool to assist in patient management when determining a particular diagnosis or prognosis, or when pr

...ing|motor learning, and motor control principle]]<nowiki/>s as well as the patient-centred approach with an individual’s [[Goal Setting in Rehabilitation|go ...ity targets and plans to contribute to the overall rehabilitation outcome. Patient’s goals for rehabilitation vary according to the stage of recovery and th

* Build trust and a therapeutic alliance with your patient * Be realistic and set your patient's expectations

...ndividuals with tetraplegia. This article overviews the most commonly used modalities for clients with upper and lower tetraplegia and the application will depen ..., Torricelli D, Moreno JC, Ama-Espinosa AD, Laczko J, Pons JL. Noninvasive Modalities Used in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation. Spinal Cord Injury Therapy. 2019

...PPS. It is essential to individualize the treatment approach based on the patient's specific needs, preferences, and response to interventions. Regular reass ===== Manual Therapy and Modalities =====

Please review our [[Quality Standards]] and [[Content Review Guidelines]] to guide you in your content development :b. References (see [[Referencing|referencing guide]])

...uldersurgery.com/shoulder-disorders/snapping-scapula-syndrome/ A patient’s guide to snapping scapula syndrome]. Available from: ​​<nowiki>https://www.kn ...]. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.choosept.com/guide/physical-therapy-guide-snapping-scapula-syndrome</nowiki> (accessed 14 March 2023).</ref> Here are

...atient Care Management Model. In: Bellew J, Michlovitz S, Nolan Jr. T eds. Modalities for Therapeutic Intervention. McGraw Hill. 2016. 6e. Available from: https: ...f Interventions. Available from: [https://guide.apta.org/subscribe https://guide.apta.org/interventions/categories-interventions] (accessed 11/05/2022)</ref

...approximately 4 out of 10 will have symptoms. Clinical presentation of the patient depends on the degree and type of haemorrhoids, external haemorrhoids maybe * Detailed patient history and physical examination is important to diagnose haemorrhoids ad e

In addition, a thorough history includes a detailed account of the patient’s occupational history and current status of employment, hand dominance, ...ecifically<ref name=":4" />. Therefore, these tests should be used to help guide the diagnosis:

...hould include the identification of the causative factors of the injury to guide the design of the management plan. It will also steer the rehabilitation pr ** It is important to keep the patient engaged and incorporate rehabilitation exercises into their already existin

...ination, there should be at least three top differential diagnoses for the patient's problem. The focus of the objective examination is to narrow down the dif ...J, Scarpelli E. A manual therapy approach to evaluation and treatment of a patient with a chronic lumbar nerve root irritation. Physical therapy. 1994 Jun 1;7

...ry during penetration, with deep penetration or pain post-penetration. The patient may also describe pain associated with the insertion of a tampon or during ...the clinical approach to dyspareunia, Graziottin provides a comprehensive guide to the necessary questions for a thorough history and physical examination.

...al Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE] (2013) '''Into practice guide.''' [online] London: NICE. Available at: <nowiki>https://www.nice.org.uk/pr ...approach, whereby physical, psychological and social dysfunction determine patient outcome <ref>Kamper, S. J., Apeldoorn, A. T., Chiarotto, A., Smeets, R. J.,

...j Lichtert, 1985.</ref><ref name=":10">Walters J, editor. Orthopaedics - A guide for practitioners. 4th Edition. Cape Town: University of Cape Town, 2010.</ ...y of the condition. A combination of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical modalities is recommended for the optimal management of the condition. Physiotherapy p

...'s health issues, psychological status and family/social support will help guide the process of pre- and post- prosthetics rehabilitation and reintegration *Patient and her family educated:- Support roles; DM; skin/stump care, shaping- band

...wound complications are a risk after excision, but relief of symptoms and patient satisfaction are typically achieved ...llowing major burns.<ref>Rollins C, Huettner F, Neumeister MW. Clinician’s guide to nutritional therapy following major burn injury. Clinics in Plastic Surg

...rsally. This action not only produces a recognisable click but also causes patient apprehension, serving as a diagnostic sign.<ref>Slutsky D, Osterman A. Frac * '''[[Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation|Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE)]]''': Measures wrist pain and function.

...rough pain is an unpredictable flare of pain that might happen even when a patient is on regular pain medicine for chronic pain. It “breaks through” the p ...involvement of anatomical structures, side-effects of cancer treatment, or patient comorbidities. OFP is reported by approximately half of Head Neck Cancer pa

...x Patient Problems|Bellarmine University's&nbsp;Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.]] ...https://soar.usa.edu/dissertations/5/ Oncology. Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems]. Bellarmine University 2011.</ref>&nbsp;Tumours that are deep ins

'''Original Editors '''- [[Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems|Alyssa Elliott, Chelsea Reinhart]], [https://members.physio-pedia. ...Blood Count]] (CBC) may appear normal in persons with haemophilia. If the patient has already experienced a massive haemorrhage, the CBC count may appear low

...Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient presents with a Colles fracture, he should be investigated for osteoporosis ...oximal to the wrist. With the hand displaying its normal forward arch, the patient’s forearm and hand resemble the curvature of a dinner fork.

...and muscle spasms; however, the trajectory of this case indicates that the patient will require surgery due to minimal CTN symptom modulation. ...rs and Stroke. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Trigeminal-Neuralgia-Fact-Sheet</nowiki> (A

* Be aware of the physiological process as the patient is in the acute phase of inflammation * After a sever burn injury, a patient can suffer from a '''hypermetabolic response'''. This is known to reach it'

...ng (MRI) and ultrasound are the most commonly used cross-sectional imaging modalities in the diagnostic work-up of shoulder pain. <ref name=":11">Levine BD, Mota ...ved patient outcomes and decreased costs, with minimal risk of harm to the patient.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /><ref

...s condition and relates perspectives from both the physiotherapist and the patient.<ref>Huhn K, Gilliland SJ , Black LL, Wainwright SF, Christensen N. Clinica ...nd evaluation process and help relate subjective and objective data from a patient's condition to the steps within the SINSS Model.

...C, Baciarello M, Manferdini ME, Fanelli G. Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy. F1000Research. 2016;5. Available:https://www.ncb ...unrealistic expectations of total pain relief, being a large gap between a patient's desired amount of pain reduction and the minimum percentage of improvemen

...ative management has been exhausted. There is a wide range of conservative modalities available for the treatment of knee OA. * Patient education

...ich lead to the increased risk of adverse drug events and incidences where patient’s preferences are neglected.<ref name=":3">Polypharmacy Guidance [Interne ...s' however in the healthcare setting it is frequently considered be when a patient takes five or more medications.<ref name=":3" />

*** the duration and frequency that the patient can attend treatments * acceptance from the patient

...he muscles or tendons<ref>Hollis M, Jones E(ed). Massage for Therapists: A Guide to Soft Tissue Therapy. 3rd Edition. United Kingdom. 2009</ref><ref>Jurch S * The physical therapist’s fingers and patient’s skin must move simultaneously to avoid injury to the skin.

...should be an ongoing and continuous, and should allow us toindividualised, patient-centred goals and ultimately a tailor-made treatment plan for the individua ...Furthermore, it promoted team work by clarifying team roles in relation to patient care.

...abilitation plan must take into account the fact that the objective of the patient (the athlete) is to return to the same activity and environment in which th ...ill not be successful. To ensure compliance, it is important to inform the patient of the content of the program and the expected course of rehabilitation.<re

...al is to prevent a progressive deterioration in the physiologic state of a patient as the underlying disease is being managed.<ref name=":14" /> ...ns%20of%20patient%20monitoring.pdf Critical care: the eight vital signs of patient monitoring]. British Journal of Nursing. 2012 May 23;21(10):621-5. </ref>

...rry R, Hutting N. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8725776/ A guide to cranial nerve testing for musculoskeletal clinicians]. Journal of Manual ...pically used to assess the integrity of the nervous system and determine a patient's neurological function.<ref name=":1">Shahrokhi M, Asuncion RM. [https://w

...thology identified during diagnostic imaging, the tissue that is causing a patient’s NP is usually unknown. <ref name=":1">Childs J., Cleland J., Elliott J. '''Grade 2:''' The patient is not able to do activities of daily living properly and there are no sign

...Orthopod Medical Multimedia Group L.L.C. Prepatellar bursitis: A patient’s guide to prepatellar bursitis. http://www.houstonmethodist.org/orthopedics/where- ...you will feel the muscle tighten during the contraction of the muscle. The patient has to hold his contraction for 5 seconds; the exercise can be repeated 10

...gical sequence, the treatment should be flexible and individualised to the patient’s needs. ...ne;">&nbsp;</span>This phase involves assessing information given from the patient and family through a series of self-reported measures and observational pro

...20to%20management.&f=false The multiple ligament injured knee: A practical guide to management.] New York: Springer Science, 2004.</ref> ...e and popliteal artery.<ref name=":02">Walters J, editor. Orthopaedics - A guide for practitioners. 4th Edition. Cape Town: University of Cape Town, 2010.</

...an ongoing and continuous, and should allow us to develop individualised, patient-centred goals and ultimately a tailor-made treatment plan for the individua ...ess. <ref name=":0" /><ref>Harvey L. Management of Spinal Cord Injuries: A Guide for Physiotherapists. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008 Jan 10.</ref> 

...''' can be used to cover the key aspects you should consider when taking a patient’s history.</blockquote>'''L: Location''' '''of symptoms and level of func ...2 Jan 20. StatPearls Publishing.</ref> It is important to establish if the patient has numbness, tingling, burning or electrifying symptoms, as these symptoms

...omplex Patient Problems|Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project.]] ...n, optimize function, decrease the effects of the disease, and improve the patient's quality of life.<ref name="waldron">Waldron N. Care and support of patien

...endall-Thomas J, Park P, et al. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25723120/ Patient misconceptions concerning lumbar spondylosis diagnosis and treatment]. J Ne When a patient is suffering from low back pain, there are a lot of possible pathologies th

...light potential barriers to treatment and rehabilitation. These flags help guide our management and approach and give insight in how to engage clients and i ...and treat low back pain and Therapuetic Neuroscience Education are two new modalities that have been found to be affective when assessing and treating chronic pa

...education, facial muscle strengthening exercise, eye protection exercises, modalities and acupuncture. Referrals were made to an optometrist and a speech lan ...ll’s Palsy Fact Sheet. Available from: https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Bells-Palsy-Fact-Sheet (accessed 14 May 202

...ost commonly used for neuropathic pain. A Physiotherapist can employ other modalities that show in various studies to be of benefit as complementary medicine for ...fer techniques; contractures of muscles. The below video clips give a good guide to proper handling techniques involved in passive ROM.

Limited evidence is available for the diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities in diagnosing SIJ pain as a component of pelvic girdle pain.<ref name=":2"> ** With the patient standing, SIJ movement is assessed while the patient bends forward

...soft-tissue-injuries-christopher-norris Sports and soft tissue injuries: A guide for students and therapists]. Routledge; 2018 Sep 3.</ref> ...ne E, Dufresne SS, Dumont NA. Impact of inflammation and anti-inflammatory modalities on skeletal muscle healing: from fundamental research to the clinic. Physic

AS can be diagnosed by the modified New York criteria, the patient must have radiographic evidence of sacroiliitis and one of the following: ( ...e tenderness (enthesitis): this is carried out on a skeleton model and the patient is asked to highlight the places he feels pain. <ref name="p0" />&nbsp;Leve

...er limbs.<ref name="bron6">http://www.orthonc.com/education-research/spine/patient-education-spine-sacroiliac-joint-syndrome (accessed on 22/10/2011)</ref> ...n from the SI joint. The majority of SI joint pathologies affect the adult patient population.

...atient is mentally prepared for surgery. Spend quality time educating your patient on their injury, surgical procedure, home program, rehabilitation process a ...channels open with the following professionals and know when to refer your patient to them:'''

...change.<ref name=":6" /> All interventions should be designed based on the patient's identified goals, which also need to be regularly reviewed.<ref name=":5" ...cises, educational training and global postural re-education are effective modalities.<ref>Gravaldi LP, Bonetti F, Lezzerini S, De Maio F. [https://www.mdpi.com/

...tances.<ref name="p7">Wong M. Pocket Orthopaedics, Evidence-Based survival guide. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2009 .</ref> This test starts in supine posture and a knee flexion of 90 degrees. As the patient extends the knee the assessor applies pressure to the lateral femoral epico

...e information outlined in this fictional case can provide some evidence to guide decision-makers in the future and to highlight the importance of further re ...ics. 2020 Jul 6;40(6):e504-9.</ref><ref name=":5" /> Furthermore, in a CP patient population, the patella is often located proximally to its typical anatomic

...Evidence-based practice entails clinician expertise, research evidence and patient preferences and values. It is key to incorporate research evidence and the ...ssue adaptation to physical stress: a proposed “Physical Stress Theory” to guide physical therapist practice, education, and research.] Physical therapy. 20

</ref>&nbsp;The link between LBP and [[Pelvic Floor Dysfunction - A patient guide.|pelvic floor dysfunction]] (PFD), particularly in women, is becoming evide ...2950561 Pelvic floor dysfunction: a conceptual framework for collaborative patient‐centred care.] Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2003 Sep;43(6):555-68.

...an be affected. It should be kept in mind that active participation of the patient is required for the changes in the CNS to occur and motor learning to take ...Chapter 3: Physiology of Wheelchair Sport. In Wheelchair Sport: A Complete Guide for Athletes, Coaches and Teachers. London: Elsevier</ref>

...ively large particles that settle in the air), and direct contact with the patient, rather than ‘airborne spread’ (in which smaller particles remain in th ...ission and pathogenesis and the accuracy of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities<ref>Yuksel A, Karadogan D, Gurkan CG, Akyil FT, Toreyin ZN, Marim F, Arikan

...clusive. Negative MRI results must be viewed with caution in a symptomatic patient and arthroscopy should be considered.<ref>Joshy S, Abdulkadir U, Chaganti S ...rnational. 2020 Dec;41(12):1571-81.</ref> Currently available conservative modalities include:<ref name=":1" />

...cribe the presentation of Wilson’s Disease in young and recently diagnosed patient, and the significance of physiotherapy on the symptoms and quality of life ...ever he is at risk for future falls as he lives on his own. Based on this, patient-centered goals were created, and a physiotherapy intervention plan was deve

...ctice guide informed by a systematic review, expert clinical reasoning and patient values]. British Journal of Sports Medicine [Internet]. 2021 Mar 30;55(19): ...US alone, there are estimates that this disorder generates up to 2 million patient visits per year, and account for 1% of all visits to orthopaedic clinics.

...> It represents a source of considerable discomfort and disability for the patient and may, in extreme, cases lead to a loss of function of the [[Wrist and Ha ...="Houston">Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine: A Patient's Guide to Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. http://www.methodistorthopedics.com/Cubital-Tun

...90" /> as "systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific circumstances".<ref na ...rm management and are designed to support the decision-making processes in patient care. The content of a guideline is based on a systematic review of researc

The table below highlights some signs and symptoms that will guide your decision and diagnostic processes. Patient education is important in the management of overuse injuries. Furthermore,

...ef><ref>Graziano D.L. et al. (2007). Positive Cervical Artery Testing in a Patient with Chronic Whiplash Syndrome: Clinical Decision-Making in the Presence of # Grade 1 the patient complains of neck pain, stiffness, or tenderness with no positive findings

...all neurological disorders, there are three key stages through which an MS patient will pass. These are 1) investigation, 2) diagnosis and 3) treatment/manage ...es 1 and 2 when self-management can play a major role in the life of an MS patient.

...ahovac SZ, Rothfus WE, Kurs-Lasky M. Severe thoracic kyphosis in the older patient in the absence of vertebral fracture: association of extreme curve with age ...e is mostly gradual over time.<ref name=":9">Zane MK. Physical Therapist’s Guide to Hyperkyphosis (Humpback) in Adults. American Physical Therapy Associatio

...to pre-exertion baseline can take hours to months, and in some cases, the patient never recovers to the pre-exertion baseline.<ref>Battery B. What is ME? [In ...nd attitudes toward both patient groups, but can greatly impact the ME/CFS patient’s diagnosis, plan of care development and implementation, access to appro

...ious [[Neurological Disorders|neurologic disorders]] and the assessment of patient progress during rehabilitation and recovery from the effects of n ...ides<ref name="Loudon">Loudon J, et al. The clinical orthopedic assessment guide. 2nd ed. Kansas: Human Kinetics, 2008. p.395-408.</ref>

...discusses some of the more common types of forelimb lameness in the canine patient. * Other modalities that may be useful include cryotherapy, TENS and LASER.<ref>Haslerud S, Mag

...t the body is working to protect that part of the body. Pain can be a good guide to the best healing behaviors; understanding pain can help to deal with it ...l Therapists''': What information should you be collecting when treating a patient with low back pain? The [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Treatment_Based_Classi

...lage Lesions A Practical Guide to Assessment and Treatment: Background and patient assessment (vol 1). New york: Springer</ref><ref name="Olsen et al" /> ...ling arthritic symptoms. Knowing the patient, his medical history, and the patient should be queried regarding any previous treatment. There may be a history

The patellar orientation varies from one patient to another; it can also be different from the left to right knee in the sam Patient's usually present with the complaint of anterior knee pain that is aggravat

...(1990) as "systematically developed statements to assist practitioners and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific circumstances".<ref na ...rm management and are designed to support the decision-making processes in patient care. The content of a guideline is based on a systematic review of researc

...[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27408698/ Mechanisms of low back pain: a guide for diagnosis and therapy.] F1000Res. 2016; 5(91 51):1530. </ref> It has been reported that patient with severe CLBP have a higher portion of type IIB muscle fibre (fast twitc

...force placed across joints, changes the center of gravity, and forces the patient into an anterior pelvic tilt. The anterior displacement of the [[Centre of ...the patient is lying down. The pain is possibly severe enough to wake the patient up. This combined with the increased fluid volume from fluid retention duri

...erapy daily&nbsp;as long as there are rehabilitation goals ( providing the patient tolerates this intensity), and recognition that&nbsp;high-intensity practic ...nbsp;<ref name="SF 2010">Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management A Quick Guide for Physiotherapy. National Stroke Foundation, Australia, 2010.</ref>

...diagnosis (growth plate disorder, referral from the cervical spine). If a patient is >50, consider osteoarthritis ([[Osteoarthritis|OA]]), referred cervical ...228501961_The_Patient-Rated_Tennis_Elbow_Evaluation_PRTEEC_User_Manual The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE)©] User Manual, 2007 </ref> The dyna

...x Patient Problems|from Bellarmine University's Pathophysiology of Complex Patient Problems project]] and [[User:Yves Hubar|Yves Hubar]] CRPS diagnosis is mainly based on patient history, clinical examination, and supportive investigations.

...SK, Kashid M, Chakrabarty B, Upreti V, Shaki O. Is it necessary to screen patient with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder for diabetes mellitus?. ''J Family Me ...phase, respectfully), sleeping is often interrupted and disturbed. As the patient's condition progresses, this can get worse and there's good evidence that t

...d C. Subacromial Impingement Syndrome - What does this mean to and for the Patient? A Qualitative Study. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice. Elsevier Ltd; 2 * 3 tests are positive: the probability that the patient has SAPS is (10,56) <ref name=":18" />

...proaches within the medical and scientific community. Behaviour change and patient participation are absolutely crucial for success.<ref name=":12">Lewis R, � ...ews and 3 policy documents, and examined the effects of different exercise modalities on back, neck, shoulder, knee and multi-site pain. The review summarised th