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= Muscle innervation Reference Tables = |[[Deltoid|Anterior Deltoid]]

...scles connecting the upper limb to the trunk anterior aspect Primal.png|'''Deltoid''' |alt=|right|frameless]] The Deltoid muscle is a large triangular-shaped muscle that lies over the [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]] and which give

* [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|Latissimus Dorsi]] * [[Deltoid]] (posterior)

* [[Deltoid]] (middle) ...cts the shoulder<ref>Hislop H, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle Testing-E-Book: Techniques of manual examination and performance testing. E

...Jeno SH, Schindler GS. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Arm Supraspinatus Muscle. StatPearls [Internet]. 2019 Jan 4. </ref> [[File:Supraspinatus Muscle.png|left|thumb|324x324px]][[File:Supraspinatus muscle.png|center|thumb|252x252px]]

...cles which comprise the [[Rotator Cuff|Rotator Cuff]]. [[Image:Teres minor muscle.png|border|right|250px]] ...x">Juneja P, Hubbard JB. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, arm Teres minor muscle. StatPearls Publishing; 2023. </ref>

...ering the head of the [[humerus]] without the centering of the head, the [[deltoid]] can translate the head superiorly. ...inly 2 force couples acting in different planes. In the coronal plane, the deltoid and [[supraspinatus]] along with the [[Rotator Cuff|rotator cuff]] tendons,

Manual Muscle Tests (MMT) represent an imperative form of assessing muscle/tendon strength (or lack there of). The numerical grades, provided by the e ...uscle actions. Because of this specificity, the examiner can determine the muscle responsible for the movement deficit. Based on the MMT grade, the examiner

A thick, triangular muscle; one of the 4 muscles which comprise the [[Rotator Cuff|Rotator Cuff]] of t [[Image:Infraspinatus muscle back2.png|right|200px]]

...unjal A, Schindler GS. Anatomy, shoulder and upper limb, arm supraspinatus muscle. StatPearls Publishing; 2023.</ref>It travels underneath the acromion. ...>AnatomyZone. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DEtdFMTblA Supraspinatus | Muscle Anatomy] [Internet]. Youtube; 2018 </ref>

Platysma is a broad, thin sheet like muscle that lies superficially at the anterolateral aspect of neck bilaterally<ref ...ulder regions from a [[fascia]] that covers the [[pectoralis major]] and [[deltoid]] muscles.

...ercise ball involves concerted work by [[Abdominal Muscles|abdominals]], [[Deltoid|deltoids]], [[Pectoralis major|pectoralis major,]] and [[Triceps brachii|t * Compound exercises differ from isolation exercises. These work a single muscle group at a time. eg Use of a "pec dec" is an isolation exercise meant to st

*The [[Muscle|muscles]] of the [[Rotator Cuff|rotator cuff]] act to reinforce the joint c ...ington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas/upper-body/deltoid Deltoid] (Anterior Portion)

...alleolus is marked by a rough depression behind, for the attachment of the deltoid ligament. <br><br><br><br><br> * The [[Semimembranosus]] muscle originates from the ischial tuberosity and gets insert on the medial condyl

The Deltoid ligament (or the medial ligament of [[Ankle Joint|talocrural joint]]) is a The Deltoid ligament is composed of superficial and deep components.

Coracobrachialis muscle is one of the three muscles that originates from to the coracoid process� ...[[Pectoralis Minor|pectoralis minor]] and short head of [[Biceps Brachii]] muscle

== Muscle Attachments == [[File:Muscle Attachments of Clavicula.png|right|frameless|498x498px|A, left clavicle fro

...largest, most powerful and the most complex, of the adductor group. This muscle is complex in that part derived from the fact that it divides into an add The adductor magnus muscle has a dual role being a dynamic stabilizer of the [[pelvis]] and femur as w

...rders, is commonly advocated to address dysfunctions in mobility, posture, muscle activation, proprioception and strength and is supported by much research. ...in, soft tissue tightness, altered muscle activation, strength imbalances, muscle fatigue, and thoracic posture, which can result in abnormal scapular kinema

[[File:Supraspinatus muscle.png|thumb]] The Full Can Test is used to assess the function of [[Supraspinatus]] muscle and tendon of the shoulder complex. <br>

It lies under the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, opposite the upper four cervical vertebrae. It rests upon the levator angu **''Sensory'': Over clavicle, outer trapezius and deltoid

#Polar Type III (neurological dysfunctional or muscle patterning) ...poles, patients begin to exhibit signs of poor scapular control, abnormal muscle activation, altered trunk stability and balance, indicating non-structural

[[File:Supraspinatus muscle.png|thumb]]1.    The patient is seated and the [[elbow]] is passively f ...ificity of 93% for full thickness tears of the [[Teres Minor|teres minor]] muscle.<ref>Castoldi F, Blonna D, Hertel R. External rotation lag sign revisited:

...haracteristics such as sprinting and jumping.<ref name="Three">Garrett WE. Muscle strain injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1996; 24:S2-88</ref>. === Muscle Injury Classification ===

Section 1: works on speed of muscle activation, [[plyometrics]] and deceleration of fast movement. Section 2: works on [[proprioception]], muscle [[balance]] and trunk stability.

The biceps brachii (BB), commonly know as the biceps, is a large, thick [[muscle]] on the ventral portion of the upper arm. The muscle is composed of a short head and a long head. The long head is located on t

Historically, skeletal [[Muscle|muscles]] have been viewed as independent structures. However, recent resea # [[Pectoralis major|Pectoralis major,]] [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]]

...y [[Ligament|ligaments]], including the lateral ankle ligaments and medial deltoid ligament complex.  == Muscle Attachments ==

...houlder complex. {{#ev:youtube|mm9_WrrGCEc|300}}<ref>GUStrength. What is a Muscle Force Couple?. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mm9_WrrGCEc[l ==== '''Deltoid muscle''' ====

The serratus anterior (SA) is a fan-shaped muscle that originates on the superolateral surfaces of the first to eighth or nin ...or: Yousun Koh https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/serratus-anterior-muscle</ref>]]

...lesions of the [https://physio-pedia.com/Supraspinatus#share supraspinatus muscle] and [https://physio-pedia.com/Supraspinatus_Tendinopathy#share supraspinat ..., and abduction torque producing muscles (anterior, middle &amp; posterior deltoid) were activated to similarly high levels.

# Inferior angle is covered by the [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi.]] It moves forwards round the chest, when the arm is abdu ...rectly to the scapula. It has various bony projections for attachment of [[Muscle|muscles]], [[ligament]]<nowiki/>s and other soft-tissue structures.<ref nam

*** innervates deltoid, teres minor, provides sensation to lateral shoulder ...ateral space. This could be caused by anatomic variations, a glenoid cyst, muscle hypertrophy, or paralabral cyst from a labrum injury. <ref name=":1">Hoskin

...l head in the glenoid fossa during arm elevation, and are made up of the [[deltoid]] and rotator cuff muscles.<ref name=":5" /> * Paresis of [[supraspinatus]] and posterior [[deltoid]]

...ttle helper" because of its synergistic action with the [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]].<ref name="Biel">Biel A (2005). [https://booksofdiscover ...ghlighted in green) - posterior view|right|frameless|400x400px|Teres major muscle (highlighted in green) - posterior view]]

* The agonist (prime mover muscle): [[pectoralis major]]. As you lower yourself toward the floor, the pecs le ...e the middle fibres of the [[Trapezius|trapezius muscle]], the posterior [[Deltoid|deltoids]] and the [[rhomboids]] (all on the opposite side of the torso in

...on their anatomic position, into three groups: the lateral ligaments, the deltoid ligament on the medial side, and the ligaments of the tibiofibular syndesmo ...Medial ankle ligament|medial collateral ligament (MCL)]], also known as '''Deltoid ligament''', is composed of two layers; superficial and deep. The MCL is a

...ave a clavicle, it is a rudimentary structure within the brachiocephalicus muscle and it is rarely seen on x-ray, it has no functional role in the canine sho !Muscle

...he musculoskeletal and urinary systems, with the most common symptom being muscle fatigue. This case study adapted from Leite et al. and expanded by Kaylynn ...ed recruitment of potential short polyphasic motor units in the biceps and deltoid muscles.

...Mike Herrmann Rowan University Available:http://users.rowan.edu/~mantic78/Muscle.Anaylis.Paper.pdf (accessed 21.12.2021)</ref>. ...e to have a properly balanced shoulder regarding muscle strength. Improper muscle balancing can cause the onset of shoulder pain (see [[Swimming Overuse Inju

* Anterior [[Deltoid]] (Synergist) * [[Coracobrachialis Muscle|Coracobrachialis]] (Synergist)

#### There are no tendons attached to it, only the deltoid ligament ## The deltoid ligament is fan shaped, comprising of four ligaments and resists eversion:

...s of the shoulder complex represent a complex dynamic relationship between muscle forces, ligament constraints, and bony articulations. The articular structu ...figuration, capsule, or ligaments. Thus within the shoulder complex, it is muscle forces which serve as the primary mechanism for securing the shoulder girdl

...extensor digitorum brevis (some authors name the most medial part of this muscle extensor hallucis brevis). Tendons are the main collagenous structures in t ...interosseous muscles and the long tendons of [[Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Muscle|peroneus/fibularis longus]] and [[Tibialis Posterior|tibialis posterior]]<r

...illa R, Andrews JR. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19530752 Shoulder Muscle Recruitment Patterns and Biomechanics during Upper Extremity Sports.] Sport ...ratus anterior]] 20%, and anterior [[deltoid]] 15%. During this phase, the muscle activity is quite low and for these reasons risk of injury is low as well <

...eltoid. You will then be able to palpate the medial border of the anterior deltoid. Move your finger laterally and feel for a prominence, shaped like a knuckl ...slouched posture is associated with decreased shoulder range of motion and muscle force.

...ournals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0138906 Exploring muscle activation during nordic walking: a comparison between conventional and uph ...onal walking, followed by the [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]] muscle, with an average 4-fold increase during NW as compared to conventional walk

2. Enhance Range of Motion:- Knowledge of the humerus' articulations and muscle attachments empowers physiotherapists to design exercises that effectively ...ions. Physiotherapists can implement strategies to mitigate issues such as muscle imbalances or joint stiffness, enhancing overall patient well-being<ref>Lev

* Loss of normal contour of the deltoid and acromion prominent posteriorly and laterally * May or may not lose deltoid contour

...art of the posterior cord (C5-C6), and provides motor innervation to the [[deltoid]] and teres minor muscles. * Pain to the area of the deltoid and anterior shoulder

| Isolation of muscle group, minimal muscular co-contraction<br> ...nd therefore require [[Coordination Exercises|coordinated]] and sequential muscle activation patterns to control proper joint movement.<ref name="Akuthota" /

...lated to a person not having control of the stabilising muscles within the muscle system. The majority of chronic pain cases are due to a failure of the stab == Functional Muscle Classification ==

...May 19].</ref>. The SSC process significantly enhances the ability of the muscle-tendon unit to produce maximal force in the shortest amount of time. These ...el, elastic energy is created in the series elastic component (SEC) of the muscle and tendon and stored as a result of rapid stretch.

...is traditionally deltopectoral to allow for minimal trauma to the anterior deltoid. However, in some cases, a superior approach may be followed. ...ted with malrotation of the humeral component, dysfunction of the anterior deltoid, or disruption of the sutured subscapularis tendon. Most commonly this is t

* Muscle weakness * Muscle-atrophy (within a month)

The main stabilizing ligaments are deltoid ligament medially, anterior, posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular liga [[Image: Med ankle.png|Medial ligament|alt=|thumb]]The deltoid ligament, consists of four ligaments that form a triangle connecting the ti

...lo-calcaneal ligament) and extrinsic ligaments (calcaneo-fibular ligament, deltoid ligament)<ref name=":0" />. # '''Pronation''' is mainly produced by [[Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Muscle|fibularis longus]], [[Peroneus Brevis|fibularis brevis]] and fibularis tert

...passive-elastic work it supplies that would otherwise be done by active [[muscle]].<br> ...r]] and [[Tibialis Posterior|posterior]] and [[Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Muscle|Peronæus longus]], and by the ligaments of all the articulations involved.

...posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL), calcaneofibular ligament (CFL), and deltoid ligament. The ATFL, PTFL, and CFL support the lateral aspect of the ankle.< # The medial (deltoid) ligaments is much stronger than the lateral ligament and is therefore inju

...shown that the [[supraspinatus]], and to a lesser extent, the posterior [[deltoid]] muscles, played a crucial role in maintaining glenohumeral alignment and ...[rhomboids]], [[Levator Scapulae|levator scapulae]] and [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]] can become hypertonic, further rotating the scapula down

...the subscapularis and teres minor, as well as improves the function of the deltoid.<ref name=":1" />This improves abduction and pain-relief by reducing impign ...allows the retraining of the muscles around the shoulder joint to improve muscle balance and biomechanics.<ref name=":1" />

...tuberosity on the anterior aspect of the leg. This is where the quadriceps muscle inserts into the tibia via the quadriceps tendon. Next, ask the patient to ...tes on the head of the fibula. The shaft of the fibula is covered with the muscle belly of the peroneus longus and brevis, so it is difficult to palpate. The

...n of the entire upper limb, with two exceptions: the [[Trapezius|trapezius muscle]] innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and an area of skin near | Subclavius muscle

...69. </ref> The ligaments of the ankle consist of the medial ligaments (the deltoid ligament), the lateral ligaments, and the ligaments connecting the distal e ==== Medial Collateral Ligament (Deltoid Ligament) ====

...22 Mar 2014).</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; Anabolic steroids are also responsible for muscle and bone cell proliferation, while androgenic is responsible for both prima * Needle marks in large muscle groups (e.g., buttocks, thighs, deltoids)<ref name="screening chest" /><ref

...ington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas/upper-body/deltoid Deltoid]&nbsp; *[http://www.rad.washington.edu/academics/academic-sections/msk/muscle-atlas/upper-body/pectoralis-major Pectoralis Major]&nbsp;(Clavicular Head)&

#*[[Deltoid]], [[Biceps Brachii|biceps]], [[Brachialis|brachialis,]] [[brachioradialis] ...bearing through the upper limbs due to the function of [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]] and pectoralis

* [[Trapezius|Upper trapezius]] muscle *[[Pectoralis major]] muscle

* Loss of normal contour of the [[deltoid]] and acromion prominent posteriorly and laterally ** Positive test: Pain/reflex muscle contraction (in case of sublaxation)<ref name="bushnell1" />

...is most severely affected among the hamstring group whereas semitendinosus muscle is often well preserved. ...rrhythmias tend to occur. The most affected muscles include the hip girdle muscle group.

...avicular ligament, whose medial border is blended with the forepart of the deltoid ligament.<ref name="goost">Goost H, Wimmer MD, Barg A, Kabir K, Valderraban ...ly structural damage to the skeletal structure, but also to the ligaments (deltoid ligament and the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments) and also ne

...39(12):2403–14.</ref> Rotator cuff tears may be classified by the specific muscle(s) affected and the size of the tear (partial or full). <ref name=":0" /><r ...couple is formed by the inferior rotator cuff muscles which counteract the deltoid acting superiorly. <ref name=":2" /> Balanced force couples are important f

...nbsp;<ref name="Provencher" />&nbsp;<ref name="Hundza">Hundza SR, Zehr EP. Muscle activation and cutaneous reflex modulation during rhythmic and discrete arm ...ory motion or a contributor to instability. Also, weakness of the serratus muscle may attribute to instability.&nbsp;<ref name="Robinson" />&nbsp;

...humerus deep to deltoid. It innervates the shoulder joint, teres minor and deltoid muscles, skin of superolateral arm. ...erved at Erb's point (described above). In more severely affected patients deltoid, biceps, brachialis, and subscapular are affected (C5 and C6). Elbow flexio

In the presence of neck pain and injury there is evident changes in muscle function in terms of [[Motor Control and Learning|motor control]], [[Streng * Suprahyoid: [[Digastric Muscle|Digastric,]] [[Mylohyoid Muscle|mylohyoid]], geniohyoid, stylohyoid

...ors such as age, body type and build, medical complications, contractures, muscle strength, cognitive dysfunction, motivation etc. all can impact on the actu |Deltoid

...anterior to the tendons of [[Teres Minor|teres minor]], [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]] and [[Subscapularis|subscapularis]]. It enters the poste ...nerve, pierces the intermuscular septum and becomes cuntaneous below the [[deltoid]].<ref name="pala" />

Limited muscle pump activity due to muscle paralysis after a spinal cord injury causes a reduction in venous and lymph # Upper limb muscle innervation: [[deltoid]], [[Biceps Brachii|biceps]], [[brachialis]], [[brachioradialis]]

...lighted in green) - posterior view|right|frameless|500x500px|Supraspinatus muscle (highlighted in green) - posterior view]] ...f the time, it is accompanied by another [[Rotator Cuff Tears|rotator cuff muscle tear]]. This can occur due to trauma or repeated micro-trauma and present a

...ts and joint capsules<ref name=":5" />. Partial or complete rupture of the deltoid ligament may be presented with this injury because of the high-energy traum ...y at this time is to reduce swelling, increase range of motion and prevent muscle shortening<ref name=":3" />.

* Pain elicited to the deltoid area by the motion of forward flexion to 90° with horizontal adduction ([ * [[Upper-Crossed Syndrome|Postural correction:]] Pectoralis muscle stretching and retractors strengthening exercises.

...cause: multifactorial. For example: patients may have suboptimal shoulder muscle control or tendon/ligament injury in the rotator cuff interval ...e supraspinatus and in minor ways also the posterior fibres of the deltoid muscle play a key role in maintaining glenohumeral alignment<ref>Reed D, Cathers I

...fect is why many individuals abuse AAS, with the intent of increasing lean muscle mass.<br> ...deltoid">Farkash U., Shabshin N., Pritsch M. Rhabdomyolysis of the Deltoid Muscle in a Bodybuilder Using Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids: A Case Report. Journal

...report of 190 injuries evaluated in a single electromyography laboratory. Muscle Nerve. 1998; 21: 1092–1094</ref>. **Atrophy of deltoid or supraspinatus <ref name=":6" />

This joint is surrounded by numerous [[Ligament|ligaments]] and [[Muscle|muscles]] which give it stability. The surrounding capsule may also add som ...stabilisers: [[Rotator Cuff|Rotator cuff muscles]], [[Biceps Brachii]], [[deltoid]]

''Example'': a valgus force may indicate a deltoid [[ligament]] sprain, whereas a varus force may be suggestive of injury to t ** Watch for signs of muscle wasting

...sing an inclinometer. A soft tissue intervention was then delivered to the muscle belly of infraspinatus and teres minor and measurements of internal and ext The results suggest that in some asymptomatic participants, stiffness in the muscle belly of infraspinatus and teres minor may act as a soft tissue restraint t

!<small>'''Muscle'''</small> * Accessory muscle of respiration

...r innervation of the entire upper limb, with two exceptions: the trapezius muscle innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) and an area of skin near t * Mainly: biceps, deltoid, brachialis, and brachioradialis.

Electrical Stimulation (ES) also Known as Electrical muscle stimulation, has a developing evidence base that supports its use for upper ...covery of upper limb after stroke. It uses electrical current to stimulate muscle contraction via electrodes, facilitating movement of a weakened or paralyse

...y, and dynamic scapular winging. Primary scapular winging is mainly due to muscle weakness of one of the scapula stabilizers. Secondary scapular winging is w *Muscle Length Testing:

The ligamentous and muscle structures(static and dynamic stabilizers) around the glenohumeral joint, i Polar 3: No evidence of structural defects. Muscle patterning is present.

...nt''' is reinforced by the dorsal and palmar intercarpal ligaments and the deltoid ligament. |Deltoid (arcuate) ligament:<ref>Chang W, Peduto AJ, Aguiar RO, Trudell DJ, Resnick

[[File:Tibialis posterior muscle - animation.gif|right|frameless|350x350px]] * This allows the muscle [[gastrocnemius]] to act more efficiently during [[gait]].

...joint is also composed of the the extrinsic ligaments (calcaneofibular and deltoid ligament) and the intrinsic ligaments(the interosseus, the talo-calcaneal l The therapist should also evaluate if there is any muscle weakness of the peroneal and plantar flexor muscles. This is done with resi

...nfection or if there was some genetic reason for the significant amount of muscle atrophy. ...tion. I recommended an intensity of motor stimulation indicated by obvious muscle twitching. While the unit was stimulating, the patient performed isometric

...may hyperextend by over 10 degrees. Other individuals might have increased muscle bulk (e.g. bodybuilders) and may only achieve 130 degrees of elbow flexion. !'''Muscle'''

...llow socket: the cavitas glenoidalis. The joint depends primarily on the [[Muscle|muscles]] and [[Ligament|ligaments]] for its support, stability and integri ...minant shoulder may sit lower and may appear somewhat larger due to larger muscle mass. Also look at position of scapula and or [[Winged scapula|winging]] an

*The assessment of muscle recruitment and loading&nbsp; ...). To rotate a segment with more power a player would generally apply more muscle force.

...lity indicates that the primary source of joint stability must be balanced muscle control. <br>The rotator cuff provides this stability. The rotator cuff exi ...sure that the humeral head stays depressed to balance upward pull of the [[deltoid]] early in glenohumeral abduction.

...112 [[Ligament|ligaments]], controlled by 13 extrinsic and 21 intrinsic [[Muscle|muscles]]. ...e MLA is also supported by the [[Spring Ligament|spring ligament]] and the deltoid ligament. The [[Tibialis Anterior|Tibialis anterior]] and [[Tibialis Poster

...n of the [[Tendon Biomechanics|tendon]] around the long head of the biceps muscle.. Biceps tendinitus can impair patients' ability to perform many routine ac * Main function of the biceps muscle is forearm supination and [[Elbow Examination|elbow]] flexion.

...sted using the [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Muscle_Strength Oxford manual muscle testing] protocol. The client was advised ‘do not let me move you’, sh ...cervical thoracic and lumbar spines. It was however noted that there was muscle atrophy in the area of the left scapula.

...[deltoid]], [[Serratus Anterior|serratus anterior]] and [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|latissimus dorsi]] muscles. The cervicobrachial syndrome can also be the re ...e” with symptoms in the neck and/or shoulder that are believed to arise in muscle<ref>Gross, A. R., et al. "Manipulation and Mobilisation for Mechanical Neck

...th the trapezoid part attaches anteriorly and laterally. The trapezius and deltoid muscles also provide dynamic stabilisation of the AC joint.<ref>Suezie K, B With an AC joint injury pain is often felt radiating to the neck and deltoid. The AC joint may also become swollen, the upper extremity often held in ad

* The medial ligaments (the deltoid ligament) ...can be found [[Basic Foot and Ankle Anatomy - Muscles and Fascia#Lower Leg Muscle Compartments|here]].

...the tibia and fibula are held together firmly by ligaments of the medial (Deltoid) and lateral ligament complexes of the ankle which can be damaged and contr *[[Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus Muscle|Peroneus Longus]]

(merges with a portion of the superficial deltoid ligament) !'''Muscle'''

As for the medial side the strong, deltoid ligament complex consisting of posterior Tibiotalar (PTTL), Tibiocalcaneal ...njury involves forceful eversion movement at the ankle injuring the strong deltoid ligament. &nbsp;

...osture, unlike conformation, can be improved. It is dynamic and related to muscle tone and activation. If a horse has poor confirmation it may be at risk of ...en the horse is made to stand square, can it maintain this posture? Is its muscle development symmetrical? Are its feet balanced? What is its the limb alignm

! colspan="2" |Muscle |The sphincter muscle of the skin and the muscles of the lips

* C4-5 [[Disc Herniation|disk herniation]] can lead to deltoid weakness and shoulder paresthesia. Patients also can experience pain and pa ...and affects the quality of life. With time it can lead to chronic pain and muscle weakness. In some cases, it may lead to cauda equina syndrome. Patients wit

* Manual muscle testing (resisted isometric movements) or use of a dynamometer (Wrist flexo * Begin pain-free isometrics in brace (deltoid, wrist flexion/extension, elbow flexion/extension)

=== Range of movement and muscle strength === **Restricted movement and muscle strength can limit function and predispose to postural and gait deviations

...mplications stem from a lack of patient mobility especially with bed rest, muscle atrophy, weakness and stiffness that result from the fracture * Deltoid weakness

# Faster [[Muscle Fatigue|muscle fatigue]], * Much higher sweat amount on the '''[[Shoulder|shoulders]]''' (over the [[Deltoid|deltoids]])

...ng from tingling to intense burning pain), numbness or altered sensations, muscle weakness in the affected body part, loss of function (eg. a hand or leg bei ...e can occur.<ref>Sunderland S. The Anatomy and Physiology of Nerve Injury. Muscle Nerve 1990; 13:771.</ref> Rapid-stretch nerve injuries are among the most d

<div class="col-md-6">[[Image:Supraspinatus muscle.png|center||300x300px]]<ref name=":11" /> </div> The supraspinatus muscle is of the greatest practical importance in the [[Rotator Cuff|rotator cuff]

...in line with lateral aspect of shoulder. (D) Epaulets and cups must cover deltoid and allow motion. Neck opening must allow athlete to raise arms over head w ...n in all contact sports. Thigh pads should be centered over the quadriceps muscle group approximately 6 to 7 inches above the kneecap.

...ng Ligament|plantar calcanea navicular ligament]], [[Medial ankle ligament|deltoid ligament]], [[Plantar Fasciitis|plantar aponeurosis]], and [[flexor halluci ...s achilles tendon contractures and transforms the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle complex into heel everters (rather than inverters).<ref name=":10" />

* [[Deltoid]] * [[Latissimus Dorsi Muscle|Latissimus dorsi]]

On the [[Ankle Sprain|medial side]], the strong, [[Medial ankle ligament|deltoid ligament]] complex [posterior tibiotalar (PTTL), tibiocalcaneal (TCL), tibi * Muscle strength

...voluntary motor control due to lack of coordinated agonist and antagonist muscle contraction |Deltoid

...the tibia and fibula are held together firmly by ligaments of the medial (Deltoid) and lateral ligament complexes of the ankle. The ligaments hold the tibia ...the ankle, with adequate joint rehabilitation, peroneal strengthening, and muscle balancing.<ref name="Clinton">McClinton, S. Regis University. Ankle impinge

...pelvis requires the femur to have a greater angle towards the knee, lesser muscle strength provides less knee support, and hormonal variations may alter the ...me=":10" />, and it may be hypothesized that vigorous eccentric quadriceps muscle action may play a role in disruption of the ACL. Although this normally wou