Hippotherapy: Difference between revisions
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== '''Definition''' == | == '''Definition''' == | ||
Hippotherapy comes from the Ancient Greek words meaning" | Hippotherapy comes from the Ancient Greek words meaning "horse" (hippos) and "treatment" (therapy). <ref name=":1">Tuba Tulay Koca, Hilmi Ataseven. What is Hippotherapy? The indications and effectiveness of Hippotherapy. North Clin Istanbul. 2015;2(3):247-252. Access from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5175116/pdf/NCI-2-247.pdf (accessed 19/11/2021).</ref> It is utilized as a treatment tool in therapy and is derived from evidence based practice and sound clinical reasoning skills. Using intentional movements of the horse, sensory, neuromotor, and cognitive systems are influenced to promote functional outcomes in individuals with physical and psychosocial disabilities.<ref name=":0">American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. What is Hippotherapy. Available from:https://www.americanhippotherapyassociation.org/what-is-hippotherapy (accessed 19/11/2021)</ref> | ||
Physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech language pathologists integrate Hippotherapy | Physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech language pathologists integrate Hippotherapy into a patient's treatment plan to address functional limitations and impairments.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
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==How does it work?== | ==How does it work?== | ||
Hippotherapy involves a specially trained therapist who uses the horse as a "live" treatment tool. The movement of the horse is used to achieve long term and short term treatment goals that are individualized to each patient. | Hippotherapy involves a specially trained therapist who uses the horse as a "live" treatment tool. The movement of the horse is used to achieve long-term and short-term treatment goals that are individualized to each patient. | ||
# The three-dimensional movement of the horses mimics the normal movements of the human [[pelvis]] when walking. The rhythmic | # The three-dimensional movement of the horses mimics the normal movements of the human [[pelvis]] when walking. The rhythmic, repetitive, and multidirectional movements provided by the horse stimulate the anterior and posterior swinging movements of the patient.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
# The movement of a walking horse produces | # The movement of a walking horse produces 100 rhythmic impulses per minute. This encourages the patient to maintain balance and upright posture by repetitively challenging postural reactions to remain sitting on the horse. Thus, improving balance, muscle control, and the development of paraspinal muscles.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
# The patient rider receives | # The patient rider receives large sensory and motor input from not only the horse but from those also around the horse who are assisting with the session.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
When used under the direction of a licensed and trained therapist, Hippotherapy can elicit positive changes in children with neurological disorders who present with a combination of cognitive, motor, and psychosocial disabilities.<ref>Bass MM, Duchowny CA, Llabre MM. The effect of therapeutic horseback riding on social functioning in children with autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2009 Sep;39(9):1261-7.</ref> Positive impacts have also been demonstrated in a patient's strength, muscle coordination and tone, and sensory processing used in mobility, talking, and the use of fine motor skills for activities of daily living and general attention to tasks. <ref name=":0" /> | |||
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|Teaches horsemanship and riding skills to children or adults with special needs | |Teaches horsemanship and riding skills to children or adults with special needs | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Utilizes specific treatment goals with outcome measures and reassessments | ||
|A form of therapy with possible progression | |A form of therapy with possible progression toward competitive or independent riding goals | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Evidence-based treatment tool | ||
|Educational, recreational | |Educational, recreational, and therapeutic | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Individual | |Individual sessions | ||
|Group or individual sessions | |Group or individual sessions | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Horse is led or long lined by | |Horse is led or long lined by a handler | ||
|Horse is led, lunged or ridden independently | |Horse is led, lunged, or ridden independently | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Utilizes sheepskin, flatbeds, or saddle | ||
| | |Utilizes a saddle exclusively | ||
|- | |- | ||
|Horse is | |Horse is assessed for appropriate gait and conformation | ||
| | |Horse is assessed for height, width, and temperament match with rider | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Handler facilitates the movement of the horse who then influences the rider who has no control of the horse | ||
|The rider or leader influences the horse | |The rider or leader influences the movement of the horse | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |Utilized by Physio, Occupational or Speech Therapists with training in Hippotherapy through the American Hippotherapy Association | ||
Each session requires a therapist, a skilled horse handler and a sidewalker to provide stability and insure safety of the patient | Each session requires a therapist, a skilled horse handler, and a sidewalker to provide stability and insure safety of the patient | ||
| | |Led by an instructor and/or therapist | ||
|} | |} | ||
== Who can benefit from Hippotherapy == | == Who can benefit from Hippotherapy == | ||
The patient population for Hippotherapy consists of children with varying | The patient population for Hippotherapy typically consists of children with varying psychosocial and physical disabilities. This includes but is not limited to: | ||
* [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|Cerebral Palsy]] | * [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|Cerebral Palsy]] | ||
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* Psychiatric Diseases | * Psychiatric Diseases | ||
* [[Spinal Cord Injury|Spinal Cord Injuries]] | * [[Spinal Cord Injury|Spinal Cord Injuries]] | ||
* [[Rheumatoid Arthritis|Rheumatism Joint Diseases]] | * [[Rheumatoid Arthritis|Rheumatism Joint Diseases]] | ||
* Developmental Dyspraxia and Delay | |||
<ref name=":1" /> | <ref name=":1" /> | ||
==Who can provide Hippotherapy== | ==Who can provide Hippotherapy== | ||
Hippotherapy requires a specialization | In most countries, Hippotherapy requires a specialization and can be provided by or supervised by the following healthcare professionals once they have achieved the necessary training and certification. | ||
*Physiotherapists (PT) | *Physiotherapists (PT) | ||
*Occupational | *Occupational Therapists (OT) | ||
*Speech- | *Speech-Language Pathologists (SLP) | ||
In North | |||
In North America, The American Hippotherapy Association has a licensing program to become a titled Hippotherapy Clinical Specialist (HPSC).<ref name=":0" /> | |||
==Physiotherapy and Hippotherapy== | ==Physiotherapy and Hippotherapy== | ||
A Physiotherapist with specialized training in Hippotherapy is able to provide | A Physiotherapist with specialized training in Hippotherapy is able to provide treatment plans tailored to patients' physical needs and ability to ride. The therapist will manipulate the horse's movements as well as the riders position to attain functional outcomes in the areas of: | ||
* Gait training | * Gait training | ||
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* Postural control | * Postural control | ||
* Strengthening | * Strengthening | ||
* | * Range of motion | ||
* Normalization of muscle tone | |||
* Proprioception | |||
* Vestibular input | |||
<ref name=":1" /> | <ref name=":1" /> | ||
In many studies, therapist lead Hippotherapy | In many studies, therapist-lead Hippotherapy has been shown to positively influence the functional mobility of children with movement disorders, such as [[Cerebral Palsy Introduction|Cerebral Palsy]]. Improvements with improved overall gross motor function, dynamic balance, and trunk postural coordination were demonstrated<ref>Lightsey, P., Lee, Y., Krenek, N. ''et al.'' Physical therapy treatments incorporating equine movement: a pilot study exploring interactions between children with cerebral palsy and the horse. ''J NeuroEngineering Rehabil'' 2021;18:132. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00929-w</nowiki></ref> as well as greater compliance and enthusiasm from patients in regards to their rehabilitation.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
==Benefits== | ==Benefits== | ||
* | * Improvements in: | ||
** Muscle tone and strength | ** Muscle tone and strength | ||
** Gross motor skills | ** Gross motor skills | ||
** Fine motor skills | |||
** Range of motion | ** Range of motion | ||
** Coordination | ** Coordination | ||
** Endurance | ** Endurance | ||
** Symmetry | |||
* | ** Body awareness | ||
** Balance | ** Mobilization of pelvis, lumbar region, and hip joints | ||
** Balance | |||
** Head and trunk control | ** Head and trunk control | ||
** Body awareness | ** Body awareness | ||
** Posture | ** Posture | ||
** Mobility | ** Mobility | ||
** Hand-eye coordination | ** Hand-eye coordination | ||
** Limbic system function related to arousal, motivation and attention | ** Limbic system function related to arousal, motivation, and attention span | ||
** Sensorimotor function | ** Sensorimotor function | ||
** Oral motor, voice quality and vocal | ** Oral motor ability, voice quality, and vocal communication | ||
** Emotional and cognitive well-being | |||
** Self-esteem | |||
** Confidence | |||
** Didactic and group interaction | |||
** Concentration | |||
<ref name="TherAplay">Children's Theraplay. Hippotherapy. https://www.childrenstheraplay.org/hippotherapy (accessed 10 December 2016).</ref> | <ref name="TherAplay">Children's Theraplay. Hippotherapy. https://www.childrenstheraplay.org/hippotherapy (accessed 10 December 2016).</ref> | ||
Revision as of 01:46, 31 March 2023
Original Editor - Asma Alshehri
Top Contributors - Asma Alshehri, Dakota Martin, Kim Jackson, Sukhi Dhaliwal, Leana Louw, Brandon Oates, George Prudden, Chelsea Mclene, Carina Therese Magtibay and Katherine Chandler
Definition [edit | edit source]
Hippotherapy comes from the Ancient Greek words meaning "horse" (hippos) and "treatment" (therapy). [1] It is utilized as a treatment tool in therapy and is derived from evidence based practice and sound clinical reasoning skills. Using intentional movements of the horse, sensory, neuromotor, and cognitive systems are influenced to promote functional outcomes in individuals with physical and psychosocial disabilities.[2]
Physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech language pathologists integrate Hippotherapy into a patient's treatment plan to address functional limitations and impairments.[2]
American Hippotherapy Association. What is Hippotherapy? Available from: https://youtu.be/RzcUTg-VKsM [last accessed 22/22/2021]</ref>
How does it work?[edit | edit source]
Hippotherapy involves a specially trained therapist who uses the horse as a "live" treatment tool. The movement of the horse is used to achieve long-term and short-term treatment goals that are individualized to each patient.
- The three-dimensional movement of the horses mimics the normal movements of the human pelvis when walking. The rhythmic, repetitive, and multidirectional movements provided by the horse stimulate the anterior and posterior swinging movements of the patient.[1]
- The movement of a walking horse produces 100 rhythmic impulses per minute. This encourages the patient to maintain balance and upright posture by repetitively challenging postural reactions to remain sitting on the horse. Thus, improving balance, muscle control, and the development of paraspinal muscles.[1]
- The patient rider receives large sensory and motor input from not only the horse but from those also around the horse who are assisting with the session.[1]
When used under the direction of a licensed and trained therapist, Hippotherapy can elicit positive changes in children with neurological disorders who present with a combination of cognitive, motor, and psychosocial disabilities.[3] Positive impacts have also been demonstrated in a patient's strength, muscle coordination and tone, and sensory processing used in mobility, talking, and the use of fine motor skills for activities of daily living and general attention to tasks. [2]
TheSheaCenter. Hippotherapy Ride Along:Visualizing How Equine Movement Benefits Clients. Available from: https://youtu.be/J_MvYAvYQkk [Last Accessed 22/22/2021]</ref>
Differentiation between Hippotherapy and Therapeutic Riding[edit | edit source]
Hippotherapy | Therapeutic Riding |
---|---|
Medical treatment mainly for children with neuromotor dysfunction | Teaches horsemanship and riding skills to children or adults with special needs |
Utilizes specific treatment goals with outcome measures and reassessments | A form of therapy with possible progression toward competitive or independent riding goals |
Evidence-based treatment tool | Educational, recreational, and therapeutic |
Individual sessions | Group or individual sessions |
Horse is led or long lined by a handler | Horse is led, lunged, or ridden independently |
Utilizes sheepskin, flatbeds, or saddle | Utilizes a saddle exclusively |
Horse is assessed for appropriate gait and conformation | Horse is assessed for height, width, and temperament match with rider |
Handler facilitates the movement of the horse who then influences the rider who has no control of the horse | The rider or leader influences the movement of the horse |
Utilized by Physio, Occupational or Speech Therapists with training in Hippotherapy through the American Hippotherapy Association
Each session requires a therapist, a skilled horse handler, and a sidewalker to provide stability and insure safety of the patient |
Led by an instructor and/or therapist |
Who can benefit from Hippotherapy[edit | edit source]
The patient population for Hippotherapy typically consists of children with varying psychosocial and physical disabilities. This includes but is not limited to:
- Cerebral Palsy
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Down Syndrome
- Autism
- Behavioural Disorders
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Amputees
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Psychiatric Diseases
- Spinal Cord Injuries
- Rheumatism Joint Diseases
- Developmental Dyspraxia and Delay
Who can provide Hippotherapy[edit | edit source]
In most countries, Hippotherapy requires a specialization and can be provided by or supervised by the following healthcare professionals once they have achieved the necessary training and certification.
- Physiotherapists (PT)
- Occupational Therapists (OT)
- Speech-Language Pathologists (SLP)
In North America, The American Hippotherapy Association has a licensing program to become a titled Hippotherapy Clinical Specialist (HPSC).[2]
Physiotherapy and Hippotherapy[edit | edit source]
A Physiotherapist with specialized training in Hippotherapy is able to provide treatment plans tailored to patients' physical needs and ability to ride. The therapist will manipulate the horse's movements as well as the riders position to attain functional outcomes in the areas of:
- Gait training
- Balance
- Postural control
- Strengthening
- Range of motion
- Normalization of muscle tone
- Proprioception
- Vestibular input
In many studies, therapist-lead Hippotherapy has been shown to positively influence the functional mobility of children with movement disorders, such as Cerebral Palsy. Improvements with improved overall gross motor function, dynamic balance, and trunk postural coordination were demonstrated[6] as well as greater compliance and enthusiasm from patients in regards to their rehabilitation.[1]
Benefits[edit | edit source]
- Improvements in:
- Muscle tone and strength
- Gross motor skills
- Fine motor skills
- Range of motion
- Coordination
- Endurance
- Symmetry
- Body awareness
- Mobilization of pelvis, lumbar region, and hip joints
- Balance
- Head and trunk control
- Body awareness
- Posture
- Mobility
- Hand-eye coordination
- Limbic system function related to arousal, motivation, and attention span
- Sensorimotor function
- Oral motor ability, voice quality, and vocal communication
- Emotional and cognitive well-being
- Self-esteem
- Confidence
- Didactic and group interaction
- Concentration
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Tuba Tulay Koca, Hilmi Ataseven. What is Hippotherapy? The indications and effectiveness of Hippotherapy. North Clin Istanbul. 2015;2(3):247-252. Access from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5175116/pdf/NCI-2-247.pdf (accessed 19/11/2021).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 American Hippotherapy Association, Inc. What is Hippotherapy. Available from:https://www.americanhippotherapyassociation.org/what-is-hippotherapy (accessed 19/11/2021)
- ↑ Bass MM, Duchowny CA, Llabre MM. The effect of therapeutic horseback riding on social functioning in children with autism. Journal of autism and developmental disorders. 2009 Sep;39(9):1261-7.
- ↑ Canadian Therapeutic Riding Association (CanTRA). Hippotherapy. Available from: https://www.cantra.ca/en/our-services/hippotherapy (accessed 22/11/2021)
- ↑ Eun Sook Park1, Dong-Wook Rha1, Jung Soon Shin2, Soohyeon Kim3, Soojin Jung1. Effects of Hippotherapy on Gross Motor Function and Functional Performance of Children with Cerebral Palsy. Yonsei Medical Journal 2014; 55(6): 1736-1742.
- ↑ Lightsey, P., Lee, Y., Krenek, N. et al. Physical therapy treatments incorporating equine movement: a pilot study exploring interactions between children with cerebral palsy and the horse. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 2021;18:132. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00929-w
- ↑ Children's Theraplay. Hippotherapy. https://www.childrenstheraplay.org/hippotherapy (accessed 10 December 2016).