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...sment of ageing with spinal cord injury to bridge some of the existing gap in the literature. ...applicability of this in spinal cord injury assessment has been discussed in the earlier discussion on [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Assessment_of_Spina

...Cord Injury: [https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/5/703 A Systematic Review with Metanalysis Involving New Rehabilitative Technologies]. Brain Sciences. 202 == Robotic Assisted Gait Training ==

...r following the release of the 19 level WISCI, it was modified to WISCI II with the inclusion of two levels,<ref name=":2">Ditunno PL, Ditunno JF Jr. Walki The WISCI/WISCI II was designed as a tool to measure improvement in walking ability specifically for spinal cord injury.<ref name=":0" /> It is

...ation includes training of caregivers, wheelchair seating, and progressive gait retraining if applicable. Education regarding medical complications, pressu ...whether or not the injury is complete or incomplete is directly associated with the individual’s ability to perform certain functional activities. The kn

...bodily movement without having to physically perform it and thus resulting in stimulation of the neural system. '''Richardson explains MP as “the symbolic practice of a physical activity in the absence of any gross muscular movements”<ref name=":0">Richardson, A.

...egments and body representation.png|thumb|400x400px]]Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) can be defined as a traumatic or non-traumatic event that leads to neural Spinal cord Injury does only have an impact on the individuals' physical and emotional well-being, but it also has a considerable impact o

...ed 6 May 2022]</ref>. It can be employed to determine functional mobility, gait, and vestibular function<ref>Academy of Neurological Physical Therapy. [htt ...e Your Gait Speed] Available from:https://www.wikihow.fitness/Measure-Your-Gait-Speed (last accessed 5.2.2020)</ref>

...an Thoracic Society and it was officially introduced in 2002, coming along with a comprehensive guideline<ref name=":0">Laboratories, A. T. S. C. o. P. S. ...ver a time of 6 minutes is used as the outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity.

...ing on a person's foot or feet is concentrated, and it is a crucial factor in maintaining stability and preventing [[falls]]. ...review of center of pressure (COP) variables to quantify standing balance in elderly people: Algorithms and open-access code]. Physiol Rep. 2021;9(22):e

...eople who can walk independently are more likely to be able to participate in expected social roles and desired recreational activities, have a higher qu The ability to walk after a Spinal cord injury (SCI) depends on many factors including:

...will discuss the ways in which VR simulations can be used to help patients with neurological or musculoskeletal injuries. ...pinal cord injury (SCI)]]. Some examples of how VR simulations can be used in neurological rehabilitation include:

...y trained animals into healthcare to enhance the well-being of individuals with cognitive or physical disabilities. AAT is used by various health professio ...gy and palliative care, pain management, autism, ADHD, trauma and patients with physical, communication or cognitive disabilities, etc.

...verview of pathophysiology, models and acute injury mechanisms]. Frontiers in neurology. 2019;10:282.Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti ...can differ significantly between developing and developed countries (high in developed countries).

...n children aged two or under, toe walking is generally considered a normal gait variation; children usually demonstrate ankle dorsiflexion at heel strike b Toe walking can be associated with specific conditions, trauma or neurogenic influences.<ref name=":7" /> Cond

...ude a range of tests, from oculomotor testing to dynamic visual acuity and gait / balance assessments. This page will discuss the key components of the obj * Fixation in primary and eccentric gaze

...tion and sensations of pain, light touch, and temperature, but impairments in [[proprioception]], vibration, kinesthesia, and combined cortical functions ...ior aspects of the spinal cord. As a result, the common location of injury in Posterior Cord Syndrome is to the posterior columns and dorsal horns of the

...n Houcke J, Khanduja V, Pattyn C, Audenaert E. The history of biomechanics in total hip arthroplasty. Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 2017 Aug;51(4):359- ...ch model of the biomechanics of the hip: a clinical perspective.] J Orthop Sci. 2002;7(6):724-30. </ref>

...Injuries|Management of Spinal Injuries course]] that we hope to run again in the future.&nbsp; ...tion with Lisa Harvey and Joanne Glinsky. We hope to run this course again in the future.

...t also explores factors that help predict ambulation recovery for patients with a spinal cord injury. ...l of the central pattern generator and its relation to treadmill training. Gait Posture. 1998 May 1;7(3):251-263.</ref>

...s a result of its interaction with another object. It plays a crucial role in rehabilitation by influencing movement patterns, tissue adaptation, and fun A comprehensive understanding of force dynamics is fundamental in guiding rehabilitation protocols. By harnessing the principles of biomechan

== Types of Sports for Athletes with Disabilities == ...in these sports if needed. Athletes with disabilities are able to compete in sports at elite levels. These levels can be only fractions behind athletes

...ga-Neto P, Bor-Seng-Shu E, de Carvalho Aguiar P, Barsottini OG. Milestones in Friedreich ataxia: more than a century and still learning. Neurogenetics. 2 ...systems<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />. The disease is often associated with complex clinical and pathological changes and slowly progresses over time<r

...lp dorsiflex the foot throughout [[Gait Cycle|the gait cycle]] in patients with [[foot drop]] or to strengthen the [[Quadriceps Muscle|quadriceps]] followi ...arm cycling program at Parkwood Institute in London, Ontario for patients with a spinal cord injury [Internet]. Parkwood Institute | St. Joseph's Health C

== Strength Training in Evidence == ...on.jpg|thumb]]Paresis (muscle weakness) is a is a key physical impairment in [[Neurological Disorders|neurological conditions]] limiting mobility.<ref n

...76). 2019 Dec 15;44(24):E1443-E1451. </ref> Around half of all individuals with low back pain seek care,<ref>Almeida M, Saragiotto B, Richards B, Maher CG. When assessing patients with low back pain, age can help us formulate hypothetical diagnoses about the p

...ions of spasticity, assessment methods and options for managing spasticity in spinal cord injury. ...uron syndrome” -- ''JW'' ''Lance, 1980''<ref>Lance JW. Symposium synopsis. In Feldman RG, Young RR, Koella WP, editors. Spasticity: disordered motor cont

...from a neutral position i.e. Subtalar joint neutral to a relaxed position in standing (Fig. 1).<ref name="Vinicombe et al 2001">Vinicombe A, Raspovic A, ...index card placed along the inside of the foot and then measure the change with a ruler.

...se referred to as dexterity, refers to the ability to perform a motor task in an accurate, rapid and controlled manner<ref>Bernstein, N.A. Dexterity and ...or coordination during grasping and manipulating actions]. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 2, Issue 6. December 1992, Pages 815-823 </ref>. For m

The term was coined by James Warren Sever in 1912. One of the most common causes of heel pain among children between the ...her composition of fibrocartilage. The calcaneal apophysis usually appears in children around 7-9 years old and fuses between the ages 15–17 years of a

...that clinicians can tailor-make treatment plans based on observed changes in the patient's function and behaviour. In this section, the physiotherapist asks questions and reviews the medical re

...y are able to walk effectively. Thereafter, the opportunity to participate in sport recreationally or competitively should be encouraged as a personal go ...2014). ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription.</ref>&nbsp;in order to combat “lifestyle diseases” for ABBLs and IWAs are:

...iduals with a spinal cord injury, often resulting in improved independence in activities of daily living. ...rm crank, wheelchair treadmill) is becoming more commonplace, particularly in competitive sport. However, the results of these tests alone do not provide

...Staal JB. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338213/ Injuries in runners; a systematic review on risk factors and sex differences]. PloS one ...arathon</blockquote><blockquote>Ultra-marathon runners - Runners competing in races longer than a marathon</blockquote>

...extremity strength, activities of daily living, and no noticeable decline in cognitive function. This case study focus on physical exercise is important ...pairments as a part of the aging process, and those with AD must also deal with cognitive impairments that affect their ability to live independently.

...This article will focus on ankle [[proprioception]] and how it can be used in the rehabilitation of [[Ankle Sprain|ankle injuries]]. ...position and balance.<ref name=":0">Grigg PW. Peripheral Neural Mechanisms in Proprioception. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation,1994;3: 2-17. </ref>

...thletic training. 2011 Mar;46(2):133-41.</ref>. An estimated 40 percent of individuals who sustain a LAS go on to develop CAI.<ref>Hertel J, Corbett RO. An Update ...p after ankle inversion trauma. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2002 Jun;12(3):129-35.</ref>.

...n-makers in the future and to highlight the importance of further research in adults that have CP.   ...common causes of motor disability in children, with approximately 2 to 2.5 in 1000 Canadian children meeting the criteria for diagnosis.<ref name=":0" />

...f name=":3" /> The diaphragm role in trunk stability occurs simultaneously with its ventilation function.<ref name=":3" /> ...h Core Stabilization Exercises: Suggestions for Exercises and Progressions in Athletes. (2012). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 159. Available fro

.../ref><ref name=":0">Marshall, R and Hasnan, N. Chapter.27 Team Based Care. In: Chhabra HS, ISCoS Textbook on Comprehensive Management of Spinal Cord Inju </ref> Basically a team consists of a group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goa

...x valgus deformities.<ref name=":1">Joseph TN, Mroczek KJ. Decision making in the treatment of hallux valgus. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2007;65(1):19-23. </r ...e to the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Their dorsal surface articulates with the plantar aspect of the first metatarsal head and is contained within the

...cations. <ref name=":1">Harvey LA. Physiotherapy Rehabilitation for People with Spinal Cord Injuries. Journal of Physiotherapy. 2016 Jan 1;62(1):4-11.</ref ...ry of bladder/bowel function, eradicating autonomic dysreflexia, improving gait and trunk stability, regaining normal sensation and eliminating chronic pai

...ntilation, delirium, and the development of disabilities.<ref name=":0" /> In addition to the physical effects, prolonged hospitalisation can have a sign ...itation service for multi-trauma patients: a non-randomized clinical trial in the Netherlands]. PLoS One. 2017 Jan 11;12(1):e0170047. </ref>

...yngol Otol 2007; 121:449-454</ref> In many situations, the range of motion in the foot can be used to compensate for a disruption of equilibrium. If the ...ssive stretching: Pilot study of children and youth with sever limitations in self-mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2003; 15:167-175</ref>

</ref>.&nbsp;It occurs with increasing age, and is a major component in the development of [[Introduction to Frailty|frailty]]. ...rapy Research. 2019 Dec 20;22(2):53-7.</ref>. A narrative review published in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2020) provides new evidence re

[[File:Ependymoma3.jpg|thumb|Anaplastic ependymoma in an adult patient]] ...% of all paediatric brain tumours and up to 33% of brain tumours occurring in those less than 3 years of age<ref name=":6">Radiopedia Ependymoma Availabl

...siotherapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] [[Dementia]] is a broad term used to describe a group of symptoms associated with an ongoing decline of the brain's abilities. Symptoms include impairments o

...shown to be capable of supporting improvements in quality and consistency in healthcare and is considered one of the main ways that evidence-based medic ...necessary procedures and the context for guideline development has changed with the emergence of Guideline Clearinghouses and large scale guideline product

...r organs. However, an aggressive type of osteoblastoma has been identified in very rare occasions that have led to metastasis, death, and mimicked osteos ...30, but can occur in ages as young as 2 and old as 70. Of those diagnosed with osteoblastoma, 80% of them are within the ages of 10 and 30.<ref name="p1"

...rapy (mCIMT) is an intervention used to improve functionality and mobility in the more affected upper extremity post-stroke. It is used as an alternative ...cation of upper-extremity constraint-induced movement therapy in a patient with subacute stroke. Phys Ther. 1999;79(9):847–53.

...amines the inpatient rehabilitation experience of an African American male with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMO). ...' The patient was a 34-year-old African American male with acute onset NMO with a unique presentation that affected his left visual field, left upper and l

...mc/articles/PMC3445254/</ref><ref>Fett D, Trompeter K, Platen P. Back pain in elite sports: A cross-sectional study on 1114 athletes. PLoS One [Internet] ...u B, Chen CC, Wang J, Wang XQ. Incidence and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain in Marathon Runners. Pain Res Manag. 2021;2021</ref>

...logist. He uses this to describe a case of rapidly progressive paraparesis with a thoracic sensory level, occurring as a post-infectious complication of pn In the MRI scan opposite, the TM lesion&nbsp; is the lighter, oval shape at ce

...Issues_in_Physiotherapy_Practice QMU&nbsp;Contemporary and Emerging Issues in Physiotherapy Practice&nbsp;Project] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Co ...For Frailty: Part 1: Recognition and management of frailty in individuals in community and outpatient settings. http://www.bgs.org.uk/index.php/fit-for-

...e neurological disorder characterized by bilateral calcifications of areas in the brain including<ref name=":1">National Institute of Neurological Disord ...=":5">Calabro R, Spadaro L, Marra A, Bramanti P. Fahr's disease presenting with dementia at onset: a case report and literature review. Behav Neurol 2014;2

...Practice: A Scoping Review of Conceptual Frameworks for Applying Knowledge in Motor Learning to Physical Therapist Practice]. Phys Ther. 2019 Dec 16;99(1 ...form a skill that must be inferred from a relatively permanent improvement in performance as a result of practice."<ref name=":1" />

...(4):364-375.</ref> Chronic instability refers to a feeling of apprehension in the ankle, “giving way” and recurrent ankle sprains, persisting for a m * In terms of ''impairments'':<ref name=":0">Hiller CE, Kilbreath SL, Refshauge

...ah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahi M. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the G ...uals.<ref name=":0">Marshall, R and Hasnan, N. Chapter.27 Team Based Care. In: Chhabra HS, [https://www.iscos.org.uk/iscos-textbook-on-comprehensive-mana

...ebbins J. Multi-segment foot models and their use in clinical populations. Gait & Posture. 2019;69:50-9.</ref> ...with their applicability and functionality. Four models will be discussed in this page: Root theory, Sagittal Plane Facilitation Theory, Subtalar Joint

== Importance of Innovative Technology in Rehabilitation == ...of innovative technology is to improve the quality of life for individuals with complex injuries and conditions.<ref name=":0">Winstein C, Requejo P. [http

...an exaggerated anterior curvature of the thoracic spine that is associated with aging<ref name="Jang et al." /> ...hest function in older women wih age-related hyperkyphosis. J. Phys. Ther. Sci. , 27, 1161-1164.</ref>

...elfe J. Which red flags aid the early detection of metastatic bone disease in back pain? Physiotherapy Practice and Research. 2017;38(2): 73-77.</ref> ...etastases (i.e. cancers that have spread from primary cancer to a new site in the body).<ref name=":1">Finucane LM, Mercer C, Greenhalgh SM, Boissonnault

...an ultrasound-guided palpation intervention for palpation skill training.] Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 24;12(1):1189.</ref> This article discusses the key anatomica ...ndicular to the cardinal planes. Therefore, motion at these joints results in rotations within three planes. Example: supination involves inversion, inte

...10.19)</ref>. Acute osteomyelitis is the clinical term for a new infection in bone that can develop into a chronic reaction when intervention is delayed ...jor clinical challenge, with recurrent and persistent infections occurring in approximately 40% of patients<ref name=":1">Kavanagh N, Ryan EJ, Widaa A, S

...pressant medications that can be effective at reducing depressive symptoms in patients. The main classifications this article focuses on are serotonin re ...f the main types of antidepressant medications, some of the articles cited in the topics below may include other types of antidepressants as well.

...crease the acetabular contact area and increase stress, which would result in articular damage, and destabilize the hip joint.<ref name="Lewis">Lewis CL, ...Joint Surg Br 1991;73:423– 429.</ref> They frequently occur in individuals in European countries and the United States.

* Establish a framework that can be negotiated with the patient regarding: ...as it provides information on what forces went through what structure, and in what direction. This will further provide information on what tissues and/o

...vide appropriate feedback (e.g. concurrent, summary, faded, bandwidth etc) in order to enhance the degree and the type of learning that occurs.<ref name= ...control of movement rather than focusing on skills that are more cognitive in nature.<ref name=":1" />

...]], remaining independent, reducing isolation, and maintaining social ties in order to improve [[Mental Health and Forced Displacement|mental health]], w ...Life Year|disability]], and enhance the overall quality of life for older individuals.

...nhance independent function.<ref name=":2">Patient Transfers and Mobility. In: Dutton M. eds. ''Introduction to Physical Therapy and Patient Skills''. Mc ...as decreased incidence of pneumonia, falls, skin tears, and length of stay in Intensive Care Units and acute care settings and increased quality of life<

...Treatment can only be as good as the assessment on which it was based, so in order for us to progress and manage our treatment plan and ensure we are id ...of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for Rehabilitation Management in Clinical Practice. Eur J Phys Rehabil. 2008;44(3):329-42.</ref>

...tition and task-oriented training while enabling the user to feel involved in their rehabilitation.<ref name=":0" /> These systems have many settings tha ...ualized training sessions that allow patients to practice practical skills in an engaging way.

...[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6912378/ Emerging technology in promoting physical activity and health: challenges and opportunities]. Jour ...">Sullivan AN and Lachman ME (2017)Behavior Change with Fitness Technology in Sedentary Adults: A Review of the Evidence for Increasing Physical Activity

...do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</div> # [[Professional Standards in (ICRC) Physiotherapy]]

...physio-pedia.com/Cervical_Myelopathy cervical] spine but it can also occur in the [[Thoracic Anatomy|thoracic]] and [[Lumbar|lumbar spine]].<ref name=":0 ...ogenic diseases, metastases, or trauma. Further explanations will be given in the following paragraphs.<ref name=":0" />

...dicates a lower risk of falling. Outcome measures of mini-BEST and dynamic gait index demonstrated no significant changes after interventions were implemen ...of Neurochemistry. [Internet]. [cited 2022May10]. Available from: https://sci-hub.se/10.1111/jnc.13691</ref>. Non-motor symptoms include impaired memory,

...C1498516/pdf/bmjcred00608-0027.pdf Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease]. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982. 29; 284(6329): 1607–1 ...n used as an outcome measure for patients with a variety of conditions and in multiple populations including:

...Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injury]] (TBI) sequelae are various in nature. They include: physical; cognitive; behavioural; psychological; and ...y. 2008;22(5):365–373.</ref>. Moreover, the limitations with the research in this patient group forces physiotherapists to utilise evidence related to n

...and clients.<ref name=":0">Altug Z. Healing Arts and Expressive Therapies in an Interdisciplinary Team Course. Plus , 2022.</ref> ...e some areas that art-based therapies and expressive therapies may be used in rehabilitation and healthcare:<ref name=":0" />

...h.com/ Modus StepWatch] is designed speficially for step and gait analysis in clinical scenarios. Mike Reinold provides a [http://www.mikereinold.com/201 *'''Social factors''' - the ability to link with / follow other users of the tracking system and compare activity levels enc

...resenting with [[Guillain-Barre Syndrome]] (GBS). The patient's experience in acute care is discussed briefly and his sub-acute [https://www.physio-pedia ...k may induce  sensation impairment, motor control deficit, and severe pain in affected areas leading to disability affecting the upper and lower extremit

...elines for Prevention in Low Back Pain. European guidelines for prevention in low back pain: November 2004. European Spine Journal. 2006 Mar;15(Suppl 2): ...onents, discs, intervertebral joints, muscles, and nerves, LBP can present with the same symptoms from different causes.

...-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is a ...lobal pattern of experienced and anticipated discrimination against people with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional survey. The Lancet. 2009 Jan 31;373(9661):

...ds their paretic side. Left unsupported, these patients demonstrate a loss in lateral posture, falling onto their paretic side. <ref name="Santos-Pontell ...origin of contraversive pushing. Evidence for a second graviceptive system in humans.

...do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</div> Balance is the ability to evenly distribute body weight in static positions e.g. standing or during movement so person doesn’t fall

...and participation. This case provides a typical case presentation of GBS, in addition to possible assessment methods, outcome measures, and technologica ...ultan B, Katirji B. Guillain–Barré syndrome: incidence and mortality rates in US hospitals. Neurology. 2008 Apr 29;70(18):1608-13.</ref>.

...do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</div> ...for lower cross syndrome in asymptomatic individuals. ''J Med Pharm Allied Sci'', 10(6), 3894-3898.</ref>.

...inal cord injury]] results not only in motor and sensory deficits but also in autonomic dysfunctions as a result of the disruption between higher brain ...[[Autonomic Dysreflexia]] and thermoregulation dysfunction is more common in the sub-acute and chronic spinal cord injury.

...rgery [serial online]. May 2010;49(3):219-223. Available from: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed July 2, 2011.</ref> ...le. The ligaments hold the tibia and fibula into a deep bracket-like shape in which the talus sits.

...dpi.com/2077-0383/11/5/1275/pdf Associated risk factors with low back pain in white-collar workers—A cross-sectional study]. Journal of Clinical Medici ...back pain]. Pain Reports. 2022 Jan;7(1).</ref>and causes major burdens on individuals, employers and society.<ref>Buruck G, Tomaschek A, Wendsche J, Ochsmann E,

...se problems can cause frustration, conflict and misunderstanding of people with a traumatic brain injury as well as family members or friends. <ref><nowiki ...tures or penetrating wounds can result in meninges damage. This can result in bacterial infection of the brain. An infection of the meninges ([[meningiti

...tiveness of treatments for patellofemoral pain: a living systematic review with network meta-analysis.] British journal of sports medicine. 2021 Apr 1;55(7 ...omalacia: A Non-Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial. Diversity & Equality in Health and Care. 2017 Aug 4;14(4).</ref> The pathophysiology is thought to

...do not edit unless you are involved in this project, but please come back in the near future to check out new information!!</div> <div class="editorbox" ...e, cardiorespiratory function, self-efficacy, and functional independence, with each being objectively measured using appropriate outcome measures.

...eloping vertebrae do not close around an incomplete neural tube, resulting in a bony defect at the distal end of the tube."&nbsp;<ref name="Neuro" /><ref ...19945 Association of neural tube defects and folic acid food fortification in Canada]. The Lancet. 2002 Dec 21;360(9350):2047-8.</ref>.<br>{{#ev:youtube|

...nce. This section provides a brief overview of some of the approaches used in Neuro Rehabilitation. ...cations such as stroking, brushing, icing, warmth, pressure, and vibration in order to achieve optimal muscular action.<ref>Alison Baily Metcalfe, Nigel

...es with a high prevalence among professional athletes, but they also occur in recreational sports and as a result of routine daily activities.<ref>Vuurbe ...Pronated Foot Type Are Associated with Self-Reported Mobility Limitations in Older Adults: The Framingham Foot Study]. Gerontology. 2016;62(3):289-95. <

...8;12(14):1760.</ref> Interventions can be similar to human physiotherapy with the use of modalities. When using modalities for animal physiotherapy the ...A_Literature_Review Veterinary physiotherapy—A literature review]. Int. J. Sci. Healthc. Res. 2021;6:288-94.</ref>

...Rehabilitation|Vertigo]] is defined as the illusion of movement occurring in the environment. Acute vertigo can be caused by the following conditions:<r ...6/</ref> vestibular neuritis occurs in approximately 15 per 100,000 people in the US.<ref name=":4">Hall CD, Herdman SJ, Whitney SL, Cass SP, Clendaniel

...ctures that result from mechanical forces that would not ordinarily result in a fracture. <ref name=":1">Yoo JH, Moon SH, Ha YC, Lee DY, Gong HS, Park SY * '''Wedge VFs''' are the most common, occuring in the midthoracic region with compression of the anterior segment of the vertebral body (VB) and the ante

...tions: Important aspects in the clinical reasoning process]. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2021 Jun;53:102343. </ref> ...t was scheduled for revision in 2017, and the final revision was published in September 2020. The [https://www.ifompt.org/site/ifompt/IFOMPT%20cervical%2

...tion) require a wheelchair'''.<ref>Wheelchair Foundation. Wheelchair needs in the world. Available from:https://www.wheelchairfoundation.org/fth/analysis ...fice Eurostatin suggest an estimated 5 million wheelchair users in Europe. In 2003, it was estimated that 20 million of those requiring a wheelchair for

...of this, multiple sclerosis lesions are sometimes said to be "disseminated in time and space." The clinical course of the disease is quite variable rangi Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves an immune-mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body’s immune system is directed agains

...ists and the importance of a strong inter-disciplinary team is highlighted in the management of ALS. ...fected areas to preserve strength and function <ref name=":0" />. However, in the later stages of this disease, re-innervation can no longer compensate f

...have VWD.  Patients with mild VWD symptoms are rarely diagnosed resulting in the gap “100 to 10 000“<ref>Genetic Home of Reference. [https://ghr.nlm In 1926 the Finnish physician Erik Von Willebrand described a new bleeding dis

...ric exercises in the recruitment of the vastus medialis oblique in persons with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998; ...ndromalacia patella can be present in patellofemoral pain but not everyone with patellofemoral pain syndrome will have chondromalacia patella.<ref>Willy RW

.... In an individual with spasticity, there is a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone to passive movement<ref>Bhimani R, Anderson L. [https://www.ncb ...as standing or walking. Physiotherapy management may include facilitating individuals to utilise this to maintain weight bearing and ambulation to decrease their

...c injury may compress the nerve or the spinal cord causing pain consistent with nerve compression or spinal cord dysfunction, also known as [[myelopathy]]. * In many instances, the herniation of the disc does not cause that patient any

...ine correspond to transitional zones in which neighboring vertebrae change in morphology. ...) - posterior view|right|frameless|500x500px|Trapezius muscle (highlighted in green) - posterior view]]

...ankle moves outside of its normal range of motion which can be seen mostly in active and sports populations<ref name=":2">OrthoInfo. Sprained Ankle. Avai ...LK, Yung PS, Chan KM. A systematic review on ankle injury and ankle sprain in sports. Sports medicine. 2007 Jan;37(1):73-94.</ref>

...ature contact between the acetabulum and the proximal femur, which results in particular symptoms, clinical signs and imaging findings.<ref>Murphy NJ, Ey </ref> Degenerative changes and osteoarthritis may develop in the long-term as a result of this abnormal contact.<ref name=":6">Chaudhry

...sska.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40634-022-00541-4 Global variation in isolated posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction]. Journal of experiment ...the [[Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction|ACL]] which results in less injuries than the ACL due to the stronger nature. As a result, PCL inj

...ng athletes' most common reasons for low back pain differ from those found in adults. There is less degenerative disease and more overuse and traumatic c ...A history of low back injury is a risk factor for recurrent back injuries in varsity athletes. Am J Sports Med.2001;29(6):795-800.</ref>.

...v/pmc/articles/PMC7186678/ Global low back pain prevalence and years lived with disability from 1990 to 2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease S Aquatic therapy is a popular treatment modality for those with musculoskeletal and neurological conditions due to the unique properties of

* Key types of headaches and causes of dizziness that may be encountered in clinical practice ...nerally begins in childhood to early adulthood although it can start later in life for some perimenopausal / [[Menopause|menopausal]] women<ref name=":2"

...siotherapy_Practice|Queen Margaret University's Current and Emerging Roles in Physiotherapy Practice Project]] '''Top Contributors''' - {{Special:Contri ...e.<ref name="Fager et al.">Fager SK, Burnfileld, JM. Patients’ experiences with technology during inpatient rehabilitation: opportunities to support indepe