#REDIRECT [[Joint Line Tenderness of the Knee]]
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...mitations not allowing the clinician to analyse the ROM and track the knee joint during eg [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]] or maximum squat. Motion captu
Knee flexion
2 KB (230 words) - 10:13, 16 April 2022
...a tap test or ballottement test''' is used to examine the knee swelling or knee effusion.
This test is also know as '''dancing knee sign.'''
980 bytes (148 words) - 19:38, 15 August 2020
...ined from a french word. The test is usually used to check for [[Knee|knee joint]] effusion.
...sed 21 January 2020)</ref>. Then the test is repeated on the contralateral joint for comparison.
2 KB (262 words) - 18:37, 3 February 2020
...swelling to the joint the morning after the injury. She does not feel her knee is improving and is now off work.
...for more than 30 minutes and up and down the stairs is also difficult. The joint is not locking / clicking or giving way.
1 KB (220 words) - 00:02, 12 March 2018
[[File:Sagittal section of the knee joint Primal.png|thumb|Knee Joint ]]
...]] (Hoffa’s disease) is one of the causes of [[Anterior Knee Pain|anterior knee pain]].<ref name=":0">Kumar D, Alvand A, Beacon JP. Impingement of infrapat
3 KB (385 words) - 02:48, 9 January 2022
...anni CW, Kuo R, Tejwani N, et al: Isolated gastrocnemius tightness. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84(6):962-970.</ref>.
...degrees. The test is considered positive when DF at the AJ is greater with knee flexed than extended.
3 KB (368 words) - 12:24, 7 April 2023
...45/4/357/111154/Tibiofemoral-Joint-Positioning-for-the-Valgus Tibiofemoral joint positioning for the valgus stress test]. Journal of Athletic Training. 2010
...es an abducting force at the the foot, and a valgus force through the knee joint.
4 KB (544 words) - 23:11, 6 August 2023
...Joint Replacement Available: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-joint-replacement/<nowiki/>(accessed 24.12.2023)</ref>
...oplasty), and various other procedures exist which attempt to realigne the joint (e.g. osteotomies) or resurfacing with tissue.<ref>Radiopedia Arthroplasty
2 KB (309 words) - 13:30, 11 January 2024
Ankle (talocrural joint) dorsiflexion
...ted range of motion is 20 degrees.<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
789 bytes (102 words) - 22:22, 20 September 2023
Steinman test is done to diagnose meniscal pathology at the knee joint.The test is divided into 2 parts i.e Steinman part 1 and Steinman part 2 or
...n, Or the patient is lying on the bed supine with the examiner holding the knee at 90 degrees of flexion.
3 KB (417 words) - 23:01, 31 January 2021
...ty of joint functions:''' functions of the range and ease of movement of a joint.
...ility of single or several joints, vertebral, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, small joints of hands and feet; mobility of joints generalized; imp
2 KB (241 words) - 05:49, 1 June 2023
...he pediatric knee. Pediatric Radiology 2013;43(suppl 1):S90-98.</ref> Knee pain in the paediatric population arises from different underlying patholog
== Common Knee Disorders in Children ==
4 KB (495 words) - 11:16, 16 November 2023
...chondritis Dissecans of the Knee|Osteochondritis dissecans]] of the [[Knee|knee.]] <ref name="p1">Conrad, J. M., & Stanitski, C. L. (2003). [https://journa
...[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmzLa76Wnrk&ab_channel=JIGSBINDAS 3D Knee Joint]</ref>
3 KB (418 words) - 11:54, 13 September 2023
...to hold the pressure. If positive we can say the extensor mechanism of the knee is disturbed.<ref name="Hagen">Hagen, K., ‘Anterieure Kniepijn’, Afstud
Knee Extension ( tests grade 3-thru 5)
2 KB (308 words) - 14:27, 12 April 2021
...or more information, see [[Knee_OA:_CPR_for_Hip_Mobs|CPR for hip mobs with knee OA]].
...de can be performed in other positions. Anterior glide is used to increase joint play and capsular stretch to encourage external rotation and extension ROM.
5 KB (674 words) - 02:10, 12 June 2020
[[File:Knee flex.jpeg|thumb|Knee Flexion]]
...-flexors (accessed 16.2.2022)</ref>. The hamstring muscles are the primary knee flexors. They play a key role in everyday movements, eg [[Running Biomechan
4 KB (532 words) - 05:49, 17 February 2022
...;(in which the examiner strokes the proximal hand on the thigh towards the knee and taps on the patella with the index finger of his distal hand) and the [
<br>Click [[Knee|here]] to get more information of anatomy of the knee.<br>
4 KB (650 words) - 09:00, 12 June 2021
Ankle (talocrural joint) plantarflexion
Patient is in prone or supine with test-side knee in slight flexion.
682 bytes (87 words) - 22:24, 20 September 2023
...imitations not allowing the clinician to analyse the ROM and track the hip joint during eg [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]] or maximum squat. Motion captu
Hip flexion range of motion is dependent on the position of the [[knee]] during movement.
4 KB (513 words) - 05:44, 15 January 2022
...ritical mechanism that play an important role in terminal extension of the knee.
* There is an observable rotation of the knee during flexion and extension.
6 KB (944 words) - 17:36, 17 January 2023
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">[[Image:Elbow joint Primal.png|200px|center]]<br>
Elbow Joint
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
[[File:Knee extension.gif|thumb|200x200px|Knee extension/flexion]]
...essential role in human movement. The one agonist muscle that extends the knee is the massive [[Quadriceps Muscle|quadriceps]].
4 KB (580 words) - 18:41, 17 January 2023
...tary instability (AMRI) and anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI) of the knee. <ref name="vijf">Kaplan National Physical Therapy exam – Bethany Ch
Testing for anterior rotatory instability of the knee.<br>
5 KB (722 words) - 22:50, 31 January 2021
Right Knee pain 32 year old female
6 months insidious onset right anterior knee pain, had an x-ray but nothing abnormal detected (NAD). Slowly gettin
3 KB (388 words) - 00:02, 12 March 2018
[[File:Knee joint.png|thumb]]
...to be positioned in a supine or sitting position on the bench with his/her knee flexed to 30 degrees. The quadriceps should be relaxed to allow passive mov
3 KB (384 words) - 21:51, 31 January 2021
...rmedius muscle and founded that it has an important mechanical role during knee movement.
...articularis genus muscle and its relation to the extensor apparatus of the knee. JBJS Open Access. 2017 Dec 12;2(4).
4 KB (607 words) - 16:00, 17 February 2023
The Yeoman test is used to determine [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joint]] involvement. More specifically, if the pain is in the sacroiliac region i
...ov/pmc/articles/PMC7646135/ Accuracy of the diagnostic tests of sacroiliac joint dysfunction.] Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2020 Mar 1;19(1):28-37.</re
2 KB (223 words) - 16:19, 28 May 2023
...[[medial meniscus]]), while the other meniscus is on the outer side of the knee (lateral meniscus)<ref name=":0" />. <br>
...chment of the lateral meniscus to the [[Lateral Collateral Ligament of the Knee|lateral collateral ligament]] (LCL). Its peripheral attachment is interrupt
7 KB (1,098 words) - 17:14, 2 July 2023
...<ref name="fred">Fredriksen H, Dagfinrud H, Jacobsen V, Maehlum S. Passive knee extension test to measure hamstring muscle tightness. Scandinavian journal
...pub.com/doi/10.1177/0363546513490650 Reliability of the active and passive knee extension test in acute hamstring injuries.] The American journal of sports
4 KB (583 words) - 06:07, 26 October 2021
...al test (the Thessaly test) for early detection of meniscal tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(5):955-962.</ref><br>
[[File:Knee Joint.jpg|600x600px]]<ref>Illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web
5 KB (661 words) - 23:11, 31 January 2021
...ined by the physiotherapist. CPM machines are most commonly applied to the knee, but there are versions for other joints such as the hip, shoulder and elbo
...ted in pediatric orthopaedic surgeries or injuries for maintaining hip and knee range of motion.<ref name=":0">Guidera K.J., Hontas R., Ogden J.A. [https:/
6 KB (888 words) - 13:45, 11 January 2024
...scotibial ligaments,''' are part of the fibrous capsule of the [[Knee|knee joint]]. They are made up of the medial coronary ligament and the lateral coronar
The coronary ligaments support rotational stability of the knee and prevent anterior [[Tibia|tibial]] translation<ref>Feger J, Knipe H, Kni
5 KB (694 words) - 12:43, 22 November 2022
Each joint has a normal [[Range of Motion|ROM]] range of values, while each person has
...name=":1">Wem [https://www.wikem.org/wiki/Range_of_motion_by_joint ROM by joint] Available online:https://www.wikem.org/wiki/Range_of_motion_by_joint [acce
2 KB (229 words) - 12:22, 7 April 2023
The Knee Outcome Survey (KOS) is a patient-completed questionnaire that provides a p
[[Image:Gray345.png|thumb|knee]]
3 KB (386 words) - 20:55, 7 April 2020
...<ref>Fulkerson JP, Shea KP. Disorders of Patellofemoral Alignment. J Bone Joint Surgery. 1990; 72-A: 1424-1429</ref> The authors are from the University of
[[Category:Knee]]
1 KB (144 words) - 20:56, 20 December 2020
If a patient has adequate muscle [[Strength Training|strength]] and joint [[Range of Motion|ROM]] for level-ground [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]]
...el ground walking. The ankle moments are almost similar in both gaits. The knee has generative role in stair ascent( absorptive in level walking). Powers a
5 KB (769 words) - 14:57, 2 March 2022
The purpose of this test is to detect the presence of patellofemoral joint disorder ([[Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome|patellofemoral pain syndrome]], [[
...driceps muscle. A positive sign on this test is pain in the patellofemoral joint<ref name="Baxter">Baxter R. Pocket Guide to Musculoskeletal Assessment, 2nd
4 KB (522 words) - 21:54, 31 January 2021
...Mooar. A rationale for assessing sports activity levels and limitations in knee disorders. ''Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research'' 1989: 246: 238-2
...L reconstructions]] among athletes, the CKRS is applicable to a variety of knee conditions such as articular cartilage restorative procedures, meniscus rep
3 KB (408 words) - 14:09, 27 February 2020
...s where there is a twisting motion on the partially flexed, weight-bearing knee.<ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S02680890060003
...determine the presence of a [[Meniscal Lesions|meniscal tear]] within the knee.
5 KB (695 words) - 19:07, 29 November 2022
...kins JT, Ingersoll CD. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition: a limiting factor in joint rehabilitation. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2000 May 1;9(2):135-59.</r
...vation acts on inhibitory interneurons synapsing on the motoneuron pool of joint musculature, thus, the contractions created by the motoneuron pool decrease
4 KB (557 words) - 23:21, 25 March 2024
...attachment and contributes to the stability of the [[Ankle Joint|ankle]] joint.
...extends to form the lateral malleolus, an important structure in the ankle joint, positioned inferiolaterally.
4 KB (539 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...ral ligament and the posterolateral corner.] Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone, 2012; 45: 592-60
...It is one of 4 critical ligaments involved in stabilizing the [[Knee|knee joint.]]
7 KB (969 words) - 01:04, 29 August 2019
...n 8-week neuromuscular exercise program for patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a case series drawn from a registered clinical trial. Journ
...enmark for people with [[Hip Osteoarthritis|hip]] or [[Knee Osteoarthritis|knee osteoarthritis]] (OA) symptoms.
7 KB (1,012 words) - 02:27, 26 November 2022
...tive feedback to the joints. For Nick, it is a likely cause of pain in his knee affecting his mobility. It led me to decide that the first thing to do was
*Soft tissue and joint mobilisation and stretches to lower limbs and trunk, including rotation and
2 KB (272 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
[[Image:Knee effusion.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Severe Knee Effusion]]
...aluated to know whether it is a soft tissue swelling, a bony swelling or a joint effusion.
5 KB (820 words) - 19:36, 31 January 2021
When a muscle is not able to actively move a joint to its passive limit, it is known as Muscle lag<ref name=":0">Stillman BC.
== Passive and Active limit of a joint ==
5 KB (741 words) - 10:42, 30 April 2024
Patient is prone with test side knee extended
...d range of motion is 0- 30 degrees<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
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== Gait Kinetics and Joint Moment ==
...ntric muscle contraction, the muscle shortens and there is movement at the joint, whereas during an eccentric contraction the muscle lengthens while produci
16 KB (2,334 words) - 10:16, 8 May 2024
...g, there are two patterns of range of motion used in the interpretation of joint motion:
...capsular pattern of restriction is a limitation of pain and movement in a joint specific ratio, which is usually present with [[Osteoarthritis|arthritis]],
4 KB (576 words) - 13:33, 20 January 2024
...ull/10.1177/23259671211017503 Is Isolated Hip Strengthening or Traditional Knee-Based Strengthening More Effective in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syn
.../10.2519/jospt.2018.7365 Hip and knee strengthening is more effective than knee strengthening alone for reducing pain and improving activity in individuals
7 KB (969 words) - 09:58, 24 January 2022
...e performed to assess hip and leg strength and endurance. eg in [[Anterior Knee Pain]] examination
...tand with involved leg on a 15 cm step. This will require most to bend the knee at about 60 degrees.
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...%20replacement%20rehabilitation Total knee replacement rehabilitation: The knee owner’s manual]. Alameda CA: Hunter House Inc, 2004.</ref>
...cause damage to the articular [[cartilage]] of the [[Joint Classification|joint]], which results in weakening [[cartilage]] that is not able to withstand t
7 KB (921 words) - 00:28, 26 January 2020
...contributes more to knee extension. [[Patellofemoral Joint|Patellofemoral joint]] load is decreased by advanced and adequate medially directed force by the
VMO inserts onto the medial border of the patella and the knee joint capsule. It also has a small area where it directly continues with the pate
5 KB (700 words) - 18:46, 24 January 2024
...ation with Movement (MWM) is the application of manually applied accessory joint glide with concomitant pain free active movement.
...M treatment. The tape is usually applied in the direction of the pain-free joint glide for the patient as an adjunct to manual therapy.
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...ension in the hip and it also plays an important role to stabilize the hip joint. The piriformis muscle is innervated by the direct branches from the sacral
...asses behind the hip joint to the muscles lying underneath. Above the knee joint, the sciatic nerve splits into two branches: Tibialis nerve and the Common
6 KB (969 words) - 14:45, 7 February 2021
Knee extension
...egrees in females (hyper mobility)<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
638 bytes (84 words) - 21:50, 20 February 2019
Patient is in sitting with hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees on test side. Non-test side away from test
...d range of motion is 0- 45 degrees<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
639 bytes (87 words) - 21:48, 20 February 2019
Patient is in sitting with hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees on test side. Non-test side away from test
...d range of motion is 0- 45 degrees<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
638 bytes (87 words) - 21:49, 20 February 2019
...s://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431095/ Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Knee] Injuries.4.6.2019 Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431
* Provides valgus stability to the [[Knee|knee joint]].
11 KB (1,589 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...that most commonly develop at the margins of a [[Synovial Joints|synovial joint]] as a response to articular cartilage damage, as seen very commonly in [[o
...onse to the altered [[Growth Factors|growth factor]] environment following joint injury. In some cases osteophytes can contribute to the stability of the jo
4 KB (565 words) - 21:16, 9 January 2024
...e: 1B)</ref><ref name="car">Carolyn J. et al, ‘Physiotherapy management of knee osteoarthritis.’, International Journal of Rheumatic Disease 2011, 145-15
...s fast with a small force, small amplitude and high speed of movement of a joint<ref name="car" />.
9 KB (1,337 words) - 11:19, 16 November 2023
....nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8861852/ The Relationship Between Generalised Joint Hypermobility and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults: A Large, Cross-Sectio
To assess general passive joint hypermobility.
7 KB (963 words) - 12:50, 29 April 2024
...ntermedius and its influence on the extensor apparatus of the knee joint.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2018 Mar 1;26(3):727-38.</ref>.
...art of the [[Quadriceps Muscle Strain|Quadriceps femoris]], it facilitates knee extension<ref>Moore, KL, Dalley, AF, Agur, AM. Clinically oriented anatomy.
3 KB (462 words) - 22:58, 23 March 2020
...ssess the dorsiflexion range of movement (DROM) at the [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]]. <ref name=":0">Powden CJ, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. [https://www.sciencedirect
...all, while the heel remains in contact with the floor. This puts the ankle joint in maximal dorsiflexion. The leg not being tested can rest on the the floor
3 KB (525 words) - 20:05, 3 April 2021
...wicz U, Ciszek B. Medial meniscus anatomy—from basic science to treatment. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2015 Jan;23:8-14.</ref> It has a
...he medial meniscus that is next to the [[Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee|medial collateral ligament]]. Zone 4 refers to the posterior horn, and zone
9 KB (1,310 words) - 15:39, 7 May 2024
[[File:Runners-knee SAG.jpeg|right|frameless]]
* [[Sport Injury Classification|Joint injuries]]
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...bia is a medial and large long bone of the lower extremity, connecting the knee and ankle joints. It is considered to be the second largest bone in the bod
...ial and lateral condyles of the femur.<ref name="Neumann Knee">Neumann DA, Knee. In: Neumann DA, editor. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: Foundat
7 KB (1,054 words) - 11:28, 28 February 2022
...tellar height measurements: Insall–Salvati ratio is most reliable method.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2019 May 14:1-7.</ref><ref name=
...l orthopaedics. 2011 Dec 1;35(12):1791-7.</ref> It is commonly measured by knee X-ray, Lateral view or MRI, sagittal plane.The normal range is between 0.8
4 KB (584 words) - 11:27, 28 February 2022
...active and passive insufficiency are functional states that occur in multi-joint muscles only.
# Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint [[muscle]] shortens over BOTH joints simultaneously, and hence, creates so
10 KB (1,325 words) - 15:59, 29 December 2023
[[Image:Knee ligaments.png|thumb|left|250px]]
...iner grasps the proximal lower leg, approximately at the tibial plateau or joint line with the thumbs placed on the tibial tuberosity. Then the examiner att
3 KB (467 words) - 22:06, 31 January 2021
14 year old boy called James has bilateral knee pain right worse than left worsening over the last 12 months
...f bilateral knee pain. James initially started to notice pain in his right knee after doing sport, he would find that it ached quite a lot, but the next mo
4 KB (591 words) - 00:19, 12 March 2018
The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the [[knee]] joint<ref name=":1">Chummy SS, editor. Last's Anatomy. Twelfth Edition. Edinburgh
...is formed by the Popliteal surface of the [[Femur]], the capsule of the [[Knee]] reinforced by the oblique Popliteal [[ligament]] and, the Popliteus muscl
3 KB (430 words) - 21:41, 1 August 2023
...w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3143014/ Biomechanical measures of knee joint mobilization.] J Man Manip Ther 2011; 19(3):162-171.</ref> When mobilising,
...ns are of small amplitude and of slow oscillations at the beginning of the joint range of motion. These mobilizations are done with light pressure.
12 KB (1,739 words) - 13:47, 10 February 2024
# Regulation of joint forces and moments by skeletal segments.
!Kinematics/Joint Motion
9 KB (1,238 words) - 20:21, 12 May 2022
...of postoperative wound dehiscence and surgical site infections after total knee arthroplasty in patients with obesity.] Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jul 8;10
== Use in Total Knee and Total Hip Arthroplasty ==
4 KB (567 words) - 13:36, 11 January 2024
[[File:Total knee arthroplasty.jpg|right|frameless|312x312px]]
...ery are removed. New prosthetic pieces are then replaced within knee joint joint. The components consist of the femoral condyle component, the tibial platea
10 KB (1,456 words) - 08:40, 5 April 2024
...xion Deformity of the Knee|knee]] and [[Flexion Deformity of Elbow|elbow]] joint.[[File:Normal Posture Biomechanics.png|thumb|470x470px]]
...eakness of hip extensors, spasticity of the hip flexors or an inflamed hip joint capsule. Consequently, shortening of the hip flexor muscles (mainly [[iliop
6 KB (946 words) - 16:53, 20 November 2022
...trocnemius plays a subtle role in producing leg flexion at the [[Knee|knee joint]], while the soleus plays part in maintaining stability when the body is st
The gastrocnemius traverses three joints including the knee, ankle and subtalar joints <ref name=":2">Cohen JC. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nl
8 KB (1,212 words) - 18:07, 25 April 2024
...sequential manner in order to determine abnormalities in alignment of bone/joint/muscle to other. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Thompson J, Walton A. [ht
== Peripheral Joint Assessment ==
7 KB (908 words) - 13:33, 3 September 2023
...clinician/examiner stands on the side of the affected leg, the patient's [[knee]] is positioned at about 30° flexion which is then supported by the examin
...t in knee flexion. <ref name=":0">Abrahams, S., Kern, J.H., 2001. Anterior knee pain: plica syndrome, the forgotten pathology? Physiotherapy 87 (10), 523�
4 KB (554 words) - 04:11, 4 March 2021
...nge of Motion|range of motion]] in assessment. There are multiple types of joint end-feels all of which are different for each individual.
* The end of each motion at each joint is limited from further movement by particular anatomical structures.
8 KB (1,160 words) - 14:28, 3 February 2024
...t, the anterior drawer sign, and the pivot shift test in acute and chronic knee injuries]. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1986;14:88-91.fckLRhttp:
...asps the proximal lower leg, just below the tibial plateau or tibiofemoral joint line and attempts to translate the lower leg anteriorly. The test is consid
6 KB (931 words) - 13:10, 1 October 2023
...the lower back, the other holding the leg at the heel. Passively flex the knee in a rapid fashion. The heel should touch the buttocks. Test both sides for
...ral palsy. A comparison of clinical and electromyographic findings. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1976;58:201–208.</ref> showed that the Duncan-Ely test is not
3 KB (397 words) - 12:40, 7 April 2023
...ell Mater. 2007 Mar 6;13(1):26-39</ref>[[File:Synovial Joints.jpg|Synovial joint with synovial fluid|alt=|right|frameless]]
...fter isometric quadriceps exercise for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee]. Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2003 Apr 1;11(4):252-9.</ref>However, synov
7 KB (932 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...ral corner of the knee such as [[Lateral Collateral Ligament Injury of the Knee|lateral collateral ligament injury]][[Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reco
...da Y, Tamaki T. Functional anatomy of the posterolateral structures of the knee. Arthroscopy. 1993 Feb 1;9(1):57-62.</ref> The popliteus muscle is innerva
11 KB (1,555 words) - 18:43, 17 March 2023
...Category:Hip - Muscles|muscles of the hip]] and [[:Category:Knee - Muscles|knee]] that contribute to [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]] and other propulsiv
...ates with the acetabulum of the [[pelvis]] to create the [[Hip Anatomy|hip joint]].
7 KB (1,066 words) - 10:00, 10 May 2024
.... Wiley Blackwell. 2012. p 1-24. </ref> A sprain is usually caused by the joint being forced suddenly outside its usual range of movement and the inelastic
...just a few fibres) to severe (complete rupture of the ligament, leading to joint instability).
9 KB (1,273 words) - 14:46, 24 November 2020
...the other muscles that make up quadriceps femoris, extends the [[Knee|knee joint]] <ref name=":0" />and it also contributes to correct tracking of the patel
...ih.gov/pubmed/24997734 Anterior knee pain: an update of physical therapy.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2014 Oct 1;22(10):2286-94.</ref>
5 KB (759 words) - 05:17, 1 April 2022
...en you walk, loss of range of movement and a feeling of instability in the knee.
...hich provides additional stability and act as a shock absorber in the knee joint.
11 KB (1,724 words) - 14:56, 16 March 2022
...pain and muscle guarding, joint effusion, contractures or adhesions in the joint capsules or supporting ligaments, or malalignment or subluxation of the bon
== Tibiofibular Joint ==
7 KB (1,117 words) - 07:05, 26 February 2022
...e') is a flat, inverted triangular bone, situated on the front of the knee joint.<ref name="neumann" /> It is the largest sesamoid bone, developed in the te
...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519534/ Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Knee Patella.] [Updated 2023 Oct 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet] Treasure Island
8 KB (1,195 words) - 15:48, 22 December 2023
Zika, physical therapy, joint pain, Guatemala<br>
...herapy clinic upon return from Guatemala with complaints of bilateral knee joint pain and muscle aches. Pt does not have any pertinent past medical history.
4 KB (663 words) - 00:09, 12 March 2018
...oreceptors, which are responsible to detect any change in position of the knee, direction, speed and tension. It is lined by the synovial fluid, which pro
* Painful terminal knee flexion<ref name=":1">el Kadi KI, Marcaillou F, Blanc S, Salloum B, Dimonta
6 KB (794 words) - 20:12, 13 October 2020
...of the unaffected/less impaired extremity (e.g., R knee extension 90% of L knee extension)
...than IKD, but does question its efficacy for larger joint use such as the knee <ref>Stark T, Walker B, Phillips JK, Fejer R, Beck R. [https://www.research
7 KB (941 words) - 21:33, 10 March 2024
...on of the medial patellofemoral ligament: a systematic review of anatomy.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2017 Dec 1;25(12):3755-72.</ref>
...tubercle, superior to the superficial [[Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee|medial collateral ligament (MCL).]] <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The
5 KB (730 words) - 19:21, 23 January 2023
...jo IL, Castro MC, Matos MA. Assessment of quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Acta ortopedica brasileira. 2015 Nov;23:307-10.</ref>
...se progression and reducing symptoms. The aim of management is to minimize knee pain, optimize function, and support self-management.
6 KB (866 words) - 21:21, 9 January 2024
[[File:Total knee arthroplasty.jpg|thumb|289x289px|KJA]]
...c/articles/PMC6520178/ Clinical spectrum of neuropathy after primary total knee arthroplasty: A series of 54 cases.] Muscle & nerve. 2019 Jun;59(6):679-82.
4 KB (591 words) - 08:48, 4 April 2024
* [[Patella]] - in the [[Quadriceps Muscle|quadriceps]] tendon at the knee
...ucis Brevis|flexor hallucis brevis]] tendon at the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint
3 KB (359 words) - 15:40, 3 July 2023
...mmon injury.<ref name="knee">Rethnam U, Yesupalan RS, Nair R. The floating knee: epidemiology, prognostic indicators and outcome following surgical managem
...b|300px|Type 1 Floating knee (Blake & McBryde classification)]] <ref name="knee" />
9 KB (1,405 words) - 15:42, 16 September 2019
...very similar to a [[goniometer]]. The ROM is the amount of movement that a joint can make.
...ill change as the joint moves. The maximum angle reached is the ROM of the joint.
4 KB (543 words) - 15:52, 30 August 2023
...active neuromuscular training for the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee: a case report.] J Athl Train. 1999;34(2):194–201.</ref>.
...fness, coordinated motor patterns, and reflex activity to provide enhanced joint stability<ref name=":0" />. The information gathered is processed at three
9 KB (1,334 words) - 10:08, 23 June 2022
*To correct mal-alignment of a joint due to mal-union or deformity like coxa vara, genu valgum, and genu varum e
*To relieve pain in arthritis, especially of the hip and knee.<br>
8 KB (1,280 words) - 18:35, 17 October 2020
[[File:Synovial Joint.png|right|frameless|399x399px]]
The three [[Joint Classification|joints]] in the body (Histologically) are fibrous, cartilagi
12 KB (1,780 words) - 14:16, 16 March 2022
...n many cases on the anterior side of the knee or on the medial side of the knee.
* Symptoms of saphenous nerve entrapment may include a deep thigh ache, knee pain, and paresthesias in the nerve’s cutaneous distribution in the leg a
9 KB (1,327 words) - 07:32, 2 March 2020
...is the art and science of measuring the joint ranges in each plane of the joint.<ref name=":0" /> The term 'goniometry' is derived from the greek words '<
...a patient has altered [[Range of Motion|range of motion]] in a particular joint, the therapist can use a goniometer to assess what the range of motion is a
10 KB (1,405 words) - 23:39, 13 June 2023
...eptions of patients about total knee replacement.] The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume. 1998 Jan;80(1):63-9.</ref>.
...joint revision in the New Zealand Joint Registry]. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume. 2010 Mar;92(3):413-8.</ref>.
10 KB (1,519 words) - 17:34, 17 January 2023
The Lachman test is a passive accessory movement test of the knee performed to identify the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
| [[Image:Knee ligaments.png|thumb|center|250px|Knee Ligaments including ACL]]
7 KB (1,071 words) - 09:21, 4 February 2024
...changes and swelling are not expected at the hip because it is such a deep joint, but they may be associated with trauma, bruising and abrasions. If redness
*Hip flexion with knee flexion limited and painful
5 KB (722 words) - 15:13, 18 June 2019
...2953323/pdf/najspt-03-107.pdf Clinical Testing for Extra-Articular Lateral Knee Pain. A Modification and Combination of Traditional Tests]. North American
...maximus muscle inserts in the iliotibial tract. When approaching the knee joint, the iliotibial tract passes the lateral epicondyle of the [[femur]] and sp
5 KB (707 words) - 11:02, 2 October 2022
...test) is used to evaluate individuals for problems of the meniscus in the knee. This test is named after Alan Graham Appley (1914 - 1996), a British ortho
...ushion between the proximal tibia and the distal femur to make up the knee joint.<ref name=":1">Lateral meniscus. (2018, March 14). ''Physiopedia,'' . Ret
10 KB (1,382 words) - 19:03, 31 January 2021
[[File:Knee osteoarthritis xray.jpg|right|frameless|311x311px]]
...itis]] or chronic inflammatory arthropathies.<ref name=":1" /> Image is of Knee osteoarthritis, possible a PTA.
10 KB (1,500 words) - 15:42, 29 August 2023
*Any back or leg pain? (Is pain in a dermatomal region - pain in the knee can be referred from the back)
*Is there hip or ankle pain? (Knee pain can be referred from the hip or biomechanically affected by the ankle)
12 KB (1,651 words) - 11:13, 16 November 2023
...S, Wagner H, Müller E. Effects of 4-week slackline training on lower limb joint motion and muscle activation. J Sci Med Sport 2013;16:562-6.</ref>.
...spontaneous down regulation that suppresses uncontrollable reflex mediated joint oscillations<ref name="Keller">Keller et al, 2013, Improved postural contro
4 KB (530 words) - 09:21, 16 September 2021
...frequently used in the field of rehabilitation as a means of treatment for knee injuries however much of the evidence is contradictory. Taping is one of th
There is good reason to use taping for sporting injuries of the knee, however there is contradicting evidence for using taping to improve lower
6 KB (953 words) - 11:21, 16 November 2023
...be discussed in this page: the knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) and the hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis (HKAFO).<ref name=":0">Fisher, D. Introduction to Compl
*** Knee: extension / flexion, instability
11 KB (1,574 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...[[Femur]] is the longest bone in the body and extends from the hip to the knee.
...part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap, forming the knee joint. It serves as a site of origin and insertion for many muscles and ligaments
5 KB (682 words) - 20:30, 31 January 2021
[[Image:Knee osteoarthritis xray.jpg|right|200px]]
...eatment outcomes<ref>Roos EM1, Roos HP, Lohmander LS, Ekdahl C, Beynnon BD.Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)--development of a self-admin
9 KB (1,285 words) - 14:11, 11 January 2024
Case study of Rehabilitation of High Above knee Amputation in young adolescent patient
...educe the energy expenditure during ambulation along with multi axial knee joint with dynamic foot prosthesis is prescribed.
6 KB (967 words) - 18:52, 11 April 2020
...new weight-bearing meniscal test and a comparison with McMurray’s test and joint line tenderness]. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surger
[[File:Ligaments of the knee joint superior aspect Primal.png|300x300px|alt=|thumb]]
10 KB (1,458 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...200112.xml The role of the iliofemoral ligament as a stabilizer of the hip joint.] EFORT Open Reviews. 2021 vol. 6(7), pp. 545-555. </ref>
...apsular ligament, it is anatomically connected with the capsule of the hip joint.
5 KB (802 words) - 00:30, 5 June 2022
*Left knee flexion, difficult to reduce, with tenderness on the outer side of the dist
*Impairments: bending left knee fixed, attempts to extend are painful
5 KB (807 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...J, Scuderi GRVarus and Valgus Deformities. In: Lotke PA, Lonner JH, eds. ''Knee Arthroplasty, Masters Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery.'' 3rd ed. Philadel
* The patello-femoral joint can be affected with lateral subluxation of the patella and trochlear blunt
7 KB (1,099 words) - 17:44, 2 October 2023
...length directly correlates to the available range of motion at the hip and knee joints.<ref name=":1">Florence Peterson Kendall, McCreary E, Provance P, Ro
|One joint: Hip
13 KB (1,959 words) - 10:43, 18 August 2023
|Knee
|Knee
14 KB (2,012 words) - 08:56, 26 September 2022
1/5 Knee
|Glenohumeral Joint:
4 KB (518 words) - 12:20, 2 March 2022
...t reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 1990;6(3):171-8.</ref>that leads to limited knee extension range of motion.
...f knee extension with or without an audible or palpable cluck at terminal knee extension constitutes the cyclops syndrome. Clinically it is reported to ha
7 KB (1,013 words) - 12:07, 3 February 2022
...(PFP) is a common overuse injury in cycling. It is also known as cyclist's knee or patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
...Donald J. Stieber, Lisa T. Hoglund. The influence of extrinsic factors on knee biomechanics during cycling: a systematic review of the literature The inte
5 KB (759 words) - 16:07, 31 July 2023
High level of rehabilitation of amputees,Core stability, hip joint stability exercises,Swimming
...nt resulting bilateral below knee injury. Client underwent bilateral below knee amputee in Dec 2013. <br>Co-morbidities:<br>Nil.<br>Previous care or treatm
6 KB (862 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
* Arthritis is defined as an acute or chronic joint inflammation. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, stiffness, and redness w
* People with RA and other inflammatory joint disorders have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Healthy l
6 KB (979 words) - 12:01, 24 July 2023
...rmal positioning and movement of the [[scapula]] is linked to glenohumoral joint pathologies.
...at the hip and knee requires extreme stabilization at the scapula-thoracic joint.<ref name=":0">Hong J, Barnes MJ, Leddon CE, Van Ryssegem G, Alamar B. [htt
3 KB (418 words) - 12:32, 4 August 2021
...he [[knee]], extends [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], laterally rotates lower leg when knee slightly flexed, assists in lateral rotation of the thigh when hip extended
*Short head: flexes the [[knee]], laterally rotates lower leg when knee slightly flexed<ref name="anatomytv" /><ref name="Netter" />
10 KB (1,461 words) - 01:58, 23 March 2024
...s. The usual presentation for SMT is pain on the posteromedial side of the knee. Physical examination can usually localise the area of tenderness to the di
...serinus (Sartorius, Gracilis, emitendinosus) run on the medial side of the knee and insert on the medial side of the tibial plateau just below the tuberosi
10 KB (1,384 words) - 10:30, 16 September 2019
== Introduction to the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Toolkit ==
...te for use along the continuum of care for patients before and after total joint arthroplasty.
12 KB (1,629 words) - 13:39, 11 January 2024
...allucis longus]]) which is mono-articular and does not influence the ankle joint.
...M.J. [https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/2/4/34/htm Anatomy and Physiology of Knee Stability]. ''J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol.'' 2017, ''2'', 34.</ref> ther
13 KB (1,940 words) - 18:39, 17 March 2023
...xample when controlling ankle plantarflexion in an AFO or genu valgus in a knee orthosis. It occurs when three forces are applied to a segment with the sin
...nchak R, Shybut G. A New Concept in Orthotics— The Northwestern University Knee Orthosis System Part II: The Complete Orthosis. Orthotics and Prosthesis. 1
12 KB (1,911 words) - 10:32, 2 November 2023
...joint or biarticular muscle and has two heads and runs from back of [[knee]] to the heel. The definitive shape of the calf is as a result of the media
* Both heads have attachments from the knee joint capsule and from the oblique popliteal ligament.<ref name="pala" />
9 KB (1,412 words) - 02:47, 29 March 2022
...Concepts Review Comprehensive Physical Examination for Instability of the Knee. The American journal of sports medicine. 2008 Mar 1;36(3):577-94.</ref>.
...isolated PCL tear, the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Posterior_Drawer_Test_(Knee) posterior drawer test] or sag tests are more relevant.
9 KB (1,404 words) - 13:52, 27 November 2023
...ulling from lateral to medial, to in effect “medialize” the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). Once applied the patients should experience a reduction in their sym
...Bennell. Efficacy of knee tape in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee: blinded randomized controlled trial, Centre for Sports medicine research a
11 KB (1,629 words) - 01:31, 29 August 2019
Emma was on the ground where she fell in the fetal position, holding the knee and crying
Reported an Audible 'Pop' and instability of the knee on landing
3 KB (439 words) - 00:32, 12 March 2018
Pes Equinus is a condition in which the upward bending motion of the ankle joint (dorsiflexion) is limited.<ref name=":0">Equinus. [https://www.foothealthfa
...quinus, spastic and non-spastic forms in addition to soft tissue causes of joint restriction.<ref>Tiberio D. [https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article-pdf/68/12
10 KB (1,504 words) - 22:53, 6 February 2024
== '''Introduction to Knee Osteoarthritis''' ==
...R, Cruz-Almeida Y. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179584/ Knee osteoarthritis: pathophysiology and current treatment modalities. Journal o
20 KB (2,846 words) - 03:42, 3 September 2023
...systematic approach to diagnosing common musculoskeletal conditions of the knee.] SMRJ 2020; 4(2). </ref>
...rmth, joint pain and joint deformity.<ref name="Stephen">Stephen J, et al. Joint tenderness overview. DSHI systems 2010(5)</ref>
16 KB (2,455 words) - 18:42, 24 May 2022
...e, it has the tendency to shift anterior/posterior (front to back) as your knee flexes and extends.<ref name=":2">Boulder sports Physio Iliotibial Band (IT
...ontains a [[Synovium & Synovial Fluid|synovial]] extension of the [[knee]] joint capsule (lateral synovial recess)<ref name=":0" />
6 KB (857 words) - 02:00, 28 December 2021
*Joint line tenderness
*Pain with maximal passive knee flexion
2 KB (185 words) - 23:25, 4 August 2019
...vides limited diagnostic utility in CAM-type femoroacetabular impingement. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2014 Apr;22(4):806-11.</ref>
Maximal or deep hip flexion during a [[Squat Exercise|squat]], places the hip joint under load and can initiate the engagement of the CAM type femoral deformit
2 KB (366 words) - 16:23, 14 November 2022
[[Amputations|Bilateral Below Knee Amputation]] due to Diabetic Complications
...tation seven years later. The patient was then fitted with bilateral below knee prosthesis and was given training at a rehab hospital. Upon his discharge,
8 KB (1,164 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
== Cyclist's Knee - Relevant Anatomy ==
...nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5717478/ The influence of extrinsic factors on knee biomechanics during cycling: a systematic review of the literature.] Intern
14 KB (2,030 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...of force exerted by [[Quadriceps Muscle|the quadriceps]] is lateral to the joint line mainly due to the large cross-sectional area and force potential of [[
...bmed/17198449 "Q-angle: an invaluable parameter for evaluation of anterior knee pain"](January 2007)</ref>
14 KB (2,126 words) - 11:36, 31 December 2023
[[Image:Knee ligaments.png|right|251x251px|Knee Anatomy|frameless]]
...physical examination are the most important instruments in evaluating knee joint pain, musculoskeletal imaging is an important adjunct.<ref name="Berry">Ber
12 KB (1,773 words) - 11:14, 16 November 2023
...ticular ligament in human knee and the primary posterior stabilizer of the knee. It comprises of 2 functional bundles: the larger anterolateral bundle (ALB
...e posterior aspect of the tibial plateau, approximately 1 cm distal to the joint line<ref name=":0" />. The average surface area of the PCL attachments to t
10 KB (1,534 words) - 19:35, 31 October 2019
[[Image:Knee osteoarthritis xray.jpg|right|200px]]
...007 that favors at least a short term decrease in pain in people that have knee osteoarthritis after they undergone 4 different hip mobilizations. <br>
9 KB (1,302 words) - 09:54, 3 September 2022
...eplace either the medial part, the lateral part, or the [[patella]] of the knee.
...able from:https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/knee-replacement/partial-knee-replacement (accessed 17.2.2021)</ref>.
13 KB (1,699 words) - 13:55, 11 January 2024
...children of growing age diagnosed with a malignant bone tumor around knee joint.<ref name=":0">http://rotationplasty.com/A-Surgeons-Approach--The-Dynamics-
...anfrini M, Tesio L. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094202/ Knee rotationplasty: motion of the body centre of mass during walking.] Internat
10 KB (1,422 words) - 10:55, 19 November 2022
...(highlighted in green) - anterolateral view|right|frameless|500x500px|Hip joint (highlighted in green) - anterolateral view]]
image 1: Schematic depiction of hip joint structures' positions in hip dysplasia A - Normal, B - Dysplasia, C - Sublu
7 KB (971 words) - 13:07, 14 March 2023
...t|assessment technique]] is to evaluate ankle size and [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]] swelling (edema).
The method of measuring joint swelling in a figure of 8 has the following advantages:
4 KB (612 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...thritis subjects presenting with pain following arthroscopic meniscectomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008; 16: 747–752.</ref>
...ame="p1" /> This can lead to pain and loss of function in the joint of the knee.<ref name="p2" /> Therefore, hyaluronic acid is injected so that de concent
10 KB (1,457 words) - 15:28, 6 June 2017
Many hip and knee problems arise due to weak hip abductors. Hip abduction strengthening exerc
...bilization]] during walking and running; abduction and rotation at the hip joint<ref>Ganderton C, Pizzari T, Harle T, Cook J, Semciw A. [https://www.researc
9 KB (1,380 words) - 20:44, 20 January 2024
...ndrew TL. Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise. A Comprehensive Guide to Multiple-Joint Exercises. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2002;1(4):200.</ref> In a clos
|'''Example: seated knee extension'''<ref name="closed">http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php/Closed
8 KB (1,149 words) - 21:15, 9 January 2024
...aid in diseases of the knee. A preliminary report. The Journal of bone and joint surgery]. British volume. 1987 Mar;69(2):288-93.</ref>
Noises in the knee can be distressing for patients, potentially leading to fear avoidance beha
18 KB (2,709 words) - 11:22, 18 October 2023
...ee study]. Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2017 May 1;25(5):647-53.</ref>. [[Knee Osteoarthritis|Tibiofemoral (TF) OA]] tends to be more focused on in resear
{{#ev:youtube|zKrzvjfkkpg|250}}<ref>Patellofemoral joint Arthritis Indications for Treatment by Dr. S. Hayasaka. Available from:http
13 KB (2,033 words) - 12:18, 21 September 2023
...ve test useful for diagnosing pain related to [[Facet Joint Syndrome|facet joint pathology]], e.g. [[osteoarthritis]].
...e suggestive of nerve root irritation. Especially if the pain is below the knee/elbow.<ref name="p5">Souza TA. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id
5 KB (823 words) - 23:29, 18 December 2023
...Raise ( SLR) test]] in which the examiner lifts the leg with the extended knee. Examiner raises the leg to the point where the patient perceives pain alon
...maximum pain (positive SLR) the examiner will slightly flex the patient’s knee approximately 20 degrees thereby reducing the pain.
3 KB (432 words) - 19:07, 17 January 2024
* A mechanical obstruction of the joint so a loss of normal joint motion
...n exercises are to reduce and abolish pain symptoms, and/or restore normal joint function.
7 KB (971 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
The quadriceps femoris is a hip flexor and a knee extensor. It consists of four individual muscles; three vastus muscles and
The muscles that form the quadriceps femoris unite proximal to the knee and attach to the [[patella]] via the quadriceps [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]
12 KB (1,758 words) - 10:51, 16 May 2023
...-biology/ Synovium] Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/synovium-and-joint-biology/<nowiki/>(accessed 18.6.2021)</ref>.
...ents, debris and waste removal, immune modulation, and inflammation in the joint. These specialized functions are achieved by major cell types in synovial m
11 KB (1,508 words) - 09:26, 10 October 2023
*[[Acromioclavicular Joint|Acromioclavicular Joint]]
*[[Acromioclavicular Joint Disorders|Acromioclavicular Joint Disorders]]
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...cedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X05000214 Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests.] Ma
.../8073316 The reliability of selected pain provocation tests for sacroiliac joint pathology]. Spine. 1994 Jun;19(11):1243-9.</ref>
6 KB (933 words) - 22:08, 31 January 2021
Any joint can be affected but PVNS occurs mostly in the knee (80%), followed by the hip and the ankle (foot). To a lesser degree in the
...ssive [5]. Some may experience pain, swelling, warmth and stiffness in the joint [5][8]. Locking and instability, mechanical symptoms, may develop [5]. PVNS
9 KB (1,250 words) - 12:40, 18 June 2021
...l menisectomy on the stability of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Am J Sports Med 2010;38(8):1591-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2053
...y [[Image:Heleen fig1.jpg|right|350x250px|anatomical structure of the knee joint, fig 1]] ==
15 KB (2,396 words) - 08:48, 4 February 2024
[[File:Sacroiliac Joint human.png|thumb]]
...Rehabilitation Research Network, “Evaluation of the presence of sacroiliac joint region dysfunction using a combination of test: a multicenter intertester r
8 KB (1,227 words) - 14:18, 10 March 2024
...ernal rotation: a new clinical test for diagnosing subscapularis lesions.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2015 Apr 1;23(4):1247-52.</ref>
.... Diagnostic performance of clinical tests for subscapularis tendon tears. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2018 Jan 1;26(1):176-81.</ref>
4 KB (593 words) - 19:10, 31 January 2021
...name="p1">Grelsamer, RP. Patellar Malalignment. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2000; 82:1639-1639 [Level of Evidence: A1]</ref>
...e localization of all muscles and osseous parts<ref name="p4">Cailliet, R. Knee pain and disability. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis company, 1973. 153p. [Level o
10 KB (1,439 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...e up of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint. Pain experienced in the knee can have various causes. Performing a thorough, detailed interview and phys
== Brief Anatomy of the [[Knee]] ==
17 KB (2,542 words) - 09:27, 7 December 2022
...read more about the knee/prosthesis and watch the available videos. Each knee has different features that will influence the gait of the individual as we
...updated July 2014. https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/prosthetic-knee-systems/</ref><ref name=":9">The War Amps. Prosthetic Knees for Adults. htt
14 KB (2,187 words) - 23:34, 3 August 2022
...terior and posterior views)|right|frameless|600x600px|Overview of the knee joint (anterior and posterior views)]]
...anatomy (accessed 29 July 2016).</ref>It is a bi-condylar type of synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension (and a small degree of media
27 KB (3,969 words) - 11:03, 16 November 2023
...es. This ligament is integral maintaining flexibility and stability in the knee.
...racture) is a break at the top of the tibia bone in the lower leg near the knee as a result of high amounts of tension placed upon the Anterior cruciate li
10 KB (1,398 words) - 12:22, 16 October 2023
...ohansson Disease. Its Etiology and Natural History’, Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, December 1978, vol. 60, no. 8, p. 1113-1116. (Level of Evidence 1B
...].<ref>Houghton, K. M., ‘Review for the generalist: evaluation of anterior knee pain’, Paediatric Rheumatology, (2007), vol. 5, p. 4-10. (Level of Eviden
12 KB (1,706 words) - 11:28, 28 February 2022
Screen client first re contraindications eg [[Anterior Knee Pain|Anterior knee pain]].
...ion or recruitment (neuromuscular), muscle weakness, strength asymmetry or joint instability (strength)
5 KB (680 words) - 02:02, 20 February 2022
[[File:Patellofemoral instability.png|thumb|Patellofemoral joint]]
...7-250. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-h3939rep.</ref>. When the patellofemoral joint becomes unloaded, the patient rarely complains of the same pain<ref name=":
17 KB (2,359 words) - 12:55, 5 June 2021
...://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560847/ Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Knee Injuries]. StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Aug 4.</ref>
...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11046165 Lateral stabilizing structures of the knee: functional anatomy and injuries assessed with MR imaging.] Radiographics.
17 KB (2,559 words) - 16:44, 15 December 2022
...crosses over the hip and knee joint; therefore, it functions to extend the knee and also assists [[Iliacus|iliopsoas]] in hip flexion<ref name=":2">Page, P
...he contralateral side. A markedly shortened rectus femoris is suggested by knee flexion of less than 80°or by marked prominence of superior patellar groov
6 KB (952 words) - 18:23, 25 September 2023
...avies GJ. Closed kinetic chain exercise: a comprehensive guide to multiple joint exercises. Human Kinetics; 2001. Available From: http://bit.ly/1NunaL7</re
...a hand, moving the foot during the swing phase of gait, or doing a seated knee extension. <ref name="p9" />
15 KB (2,282 words) - 12:47, 12 December 2022
...n caused by a little bone posterolateral in the knee joint. Posterolateral knee pain can be associated with the presence of a fabella and this incidence ma
...a role similar to the patella in redirecting extension forces of the knee joint from one point to another whereas the fabella redirects forces on the flexo
14 KB (2,084 words) - 17:01, 11 February 2022
...he individual has the ability to run.<ref name="Nor">Norkin C; Levangie P; Joint Structure and Function; A comprehensive analysis; 2nd;'92; Davis Company.</
*Greater joint range of movement
11 KB (1,832 words) - 09:54, 28 February 2023
...raumatic osteoma of tibial insertion of medial collateral ligament of knee joint]. British journal of sports medicine.1998; ''32''(1): 73-74. Level of evid
...D. The Pellegrini–Stieda Lesion Dissected Historically. ''T''he journal of knee surgery.2018; 31(06): 562-567.</ref>:
14 KB (2,028 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...to the [[Medial Meniscus]], to the [[Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee|Medial Collateral Ligament]] and to the [[Tibia]] .
...osus distal tendon is a major component of the posteromedial corner of the knee.
12 KB (1,726 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...te equipment and preparation can cause soft tissue injury known as 'Spring Knee'.<ref>Clarsen B, Krosshaug T, Bahr R. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/ful
Spring Knee:
14 KB (2,032 words) - 00:01, 26 January 2023
Hip articulation is true diarthroidal ball and-socket style joint.
...ead of the femur as it articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis. This joint serves as the main connection between the lower extremity and the trunk, an
10 KB (1,492 words) - 05:02, 25 March 2022
...f/10.1177/0363546520909397 Platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control
...n, did not lead to a notable disparity in symptoms or the condition of the joint after 12 months.
8 KB (1,118 words) - 10:42, 25 September 2023
...sents an hourglass or bowtie shape. The ACL is a key structure in the knee joint, as it resists anterior tibial translation and internal rotational loads as
...urnell">Hassebrock JD, Gulbrandsen MT, Asprey WL, Makovicka JL, Chhabra A. Knee ligament anatomy and biomechanics. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review.
12 KB (1,746 words) - 16:10, 23 July 2023
...t to changes in the [[Connective Tissue Disorders|connective tissues.]] As joint range of movement has a direct effect on [[posture]] and [[Movement Dysfunc
...://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12027537 Subchondral bone of the human knee joint in aging and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage] 10:360-369, 2002 Ava
10 KB (1,436 words) - 02:33, 14 August 2022
# Anterolateral: tight when the knee is in flexion
# Posteromedial bundle: tight when the knee is in extension
12 KB (1,717 words) - 09:12, 20 November 2022
With the distal part fixed, movement at any one joint in the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Kinetic_Chain kinetic chain] requires m
...osed kinetic chain exercise on pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy
12 KB (1,650 words) - 19:27, 1 February 2024
The standing flexion test is a test that can be used to assess '''sacroiliac joint''' dysfunction. It is best used in combination with other specific tests. A
...ein. Intertester Reliability for Selected Clinical Tests of the Sacroiliac Joint. Physical Therapy. 1985; 65: 1671-1675fckLRLevel of evidence: C</ref>
8 KB (1,150 words) - 00:19, 14 March 2021
...a joint is capable of doing. Range of motion of a [[Joint Classification|joint]] is gauged during passive ROM (assisted) '''PROM''' or active ROM (indepen
...uses movement of a joint and is usually the maximum range of motion that a joint can move. Usually performed when the patient is unable or not permitted to
12 KB (1,769 words) - 21:20, 23 March 2024
...ise test (ASLR) when a patient presents with lumbopelvic and/or sacroiliac joint pain.
...gical study of morphological relations in the posterior sacroiliac region. Joint Bone Spine, 2009. 76 (1). 57-62</ref>. It has close relations with the apon
4 KB (595 words) - 21:31, 31 January 2021
* Articular osteochondrosis occurs in joint areas including:
**[[Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee|Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee;]]
4 KB (449 words) - 21:02, 24 January 2023
...coid: shaped liked or resembling a disk) meniscus, also called the popping knee syndrome, is a variation on the normal meniscus.
...in some cases there will be an annoying “click” on the lateral side of the knee.
11 KB (1,679 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...nderness, locking of the knee, or limitation of the range of motion during knee flexion. <ref name=":0">1.
...ondary mechanical stability, and guiding of movements.<ref>Habegger A. The Knee. 2023 Mar.</ref>[[File:Anterior view of posterolateral attachments of later
11 KB (1,516 words) - 20:28, 21 August 2023
# The femur: part of the dog’s leg situated above the knee on the hind leg
# The stifle or knee: the joint that sits on the front of the hind leg in line with the abdomen
16 KB (2,333 words) - 01:03, 19 October 2022
...knee and description of a technique for treatment. Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation. 2021 Sep 1;1(3):100021.</ref>
[[File:BML Knee.png|thumb|500x500px|Findings typical of subchondral fracture: (A) coronal T
10 KB (1,500 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...f><sup> </sup>That process can lead to pain, loose body formation and joint effusion.<ref name="Erickson et al" /><sup> </sup><br>
...e.<ref name="p2">Van Nugteren, K. (2008). Examination and Treatment of the Knee. Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum. p.82-87. Level of evidence: 1A</ref> 
19 KB (2,919 words) - 01:18, 30 August 2019
=== Knee Arthroplasty ===
{{#ev:youtube|EV6a995pyYk|400}}<ref name=":0">Nucleus Medical Media. Total Knee Replacement Surgery | Nucleus Health. Available from: http://www.youtube.co
13 KB (1,805 words) - 13:38, 11 January 2024
...gnificant stability, shock absorption performance, and lubrication for the joint. Post-op rehab is important to regain and maintain all these qualities. Men
...e joint and can be one of the early signs of osteoarthritic changes of the knee. Studies show the incidence of meniscus tear both simple and complex is at
14 KB (2,086 words) - 19:37, 26 September 2021
...ine of the femur''' and from the '''oblique popliteal ligament of the knee joint''' and the muscle belly crosses the popliteal fossa inferomedially. In the
...acts with the gastrocnemius but is insignificant as either a flexor of the knee, or a plantar flexor of the ankle. It has been considered to be an organ of
6 KB (940 words) - 10:29, 2 July 2020
...ssociated with ITBS.<ref name=":0" /> The results demonstrated that during knee flexion, the iliotibial band does not actually slide over the femoral condy
...hough, that not every runner, cyclist, or individual undergoing repetitive knee flexion will go on to develop ITBS; suggesting that there are biomechanical
14 KB (2,085 words) - 11:22, 12 June 2021
...952b1f1e7842ea000000.pdf he use of the Oxford Hip and Knee Scores]. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007; 89: 1010–4. </ref>.
...6_Supple_B):23-30. </ref>. These include [[Osteoarthritis|physiotherapy]], joint supplements, and [[NSAIDs|anti-inflammatory medications]].
11 KB (1,577 words) - 14:06, 11 January 2024
...the anatomy of the knee joint in detail and provide some examples of knee joint pathology.
...iction in range of motion during passive exercises due to tightness of the joint capsule."<ref>Lim W. Clinical Application and Limitations of the Capsular P
31 KB (4,601 words) - 11:28, 3 June 2023
...ack Pain|LBP]] may actually be suffering from disorders of the hip or knee joint. Examination of proximal and distal joints in the same region of the report
...teral hip rotation range of motion asymme- try in patients with sacroiliac joint regional pain. Spine. 1998;23:1009-1015.</ref><ref>Porter JL, Wilkinson A.
7 KB (1,039 words) - 06:10, 22 March 2018
...3572/ Is There an Association Between a History of Running and Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis? A Cross-Sectional Study From the Osteoarthritis Initiative.
...f Motion|range of motion]], crepitus with movement, joint effusion, and/or joint space deformity, and seek medical attention. <ref name=":0" />
27 KB (3,985 words) - 03:38, 3 September 2023
...ntent/56/9/521 May the force be with you: understanding how patellofemoral joint reaction force compares across different activities and physical interventi
...ofemoral joint.<ref name="p1">Medscape. Drugs and Diseases. Patellofemoral Joint Syndromes. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/90286-overvi
19 KB (2,822 words) - 12:14, 20 November 2023
...overuse injuries such as [[cyclist's palsy]], cyclist back, and [[Anterior Knee Pain]]. and this is often due to an incorrectly set up cycle. Bike fitting
...ing-perfect-saddle-height ( accessed 22.8.2019)</ref> This keeps your knee joint stable and protected.
7 KB (1,060 words) - 14:41, 31 May 2020
...Perret D. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2941578/ Posterior knee pain.] Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2010 Oct 1;3(1-4):3-10.
...rtery and popliteal vein), bursae, lymph nodes, and fat. The bursae of the knee are synovial-lined sacs that decrease the friction of moving structures. Pa
18 KB (2,693 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...xamination of the shoulder. Postsurgical Orthopedic Sports Rehabilitation: Knee & Shoulder. 2006:55.</ref> If both the sulcus sign and Feagin test are posi
2 KB (329 words) - 10:53, 9 January 2023
...iven to HMS, such as joint hypermobility syndrome and benign hypermobility joint syndrome. HMS is a dominant inherited connective tissue disorder described
...om localized joint hypermobility and other disorders that have generalized joint hypermobility, such as [[Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
15 KB (2,074 words) - 12:38, 3 April 2024
...ended for patients with muscular strains or referred pain from the back or knee.<ref name="Mohtadi et al 2012"/>
5 KB (733 words) - 01:40, 28 August 2019
Hypermobility; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Joint pain; Multidisciplinary management
...patient presenting with complaints of widespread joint pain, especially on knee, initially diagnosed as having "growing pains" by a pediatrician and then w
8 KB (1,113 words) - 00:06, 12 March 2018
...ne remodeling, osteophyte formation, joint inflammation and loss of normal joint function), that can culminate in illness.”<ref>Osteoarthritis Research So
...breakdown of the cartilage, as well as structural changes across the whole joint
18 KB (2,410 words) - 12:54, 13 May 2024
...unctions to deepen the acetabulum which increases the stability of the hip joint. The labrum is normally triangular in shape but may be be round, flat
...hip, the labrum also acts as a shock absorber and aids in lubricating the joint and provides for distribution of pressure.
6 KB (899 words) - 02:42, 14 July 2019
...complicated only by (R) knee arthritis, which occasionally caused his (R) knee to give way, and some (L) phantom limb pain. He is now a proficient prosthe
....
Was independently mobile with SPS. He had 2 recent falls due to his (R) knee "giving way" due to arthritis.
He decided to go to a low level nursing ho
6 KB (859 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...gth of the lever arm (distance from the line of action of the force to the joint center)<br>
...standing it is tension in the tissues of the posterior compartment of the knee which provide the balancing moment.
12 KB (2,037 words) - 16:55, 15 February 2021
...in any of these areas can reduce a person's independence<ref name=":1">SCI joint Contractures. Research and Training Center on Independent Living, Universit
...n of participants with tetraplegia who got at least one contracture in any joint was 83%.<ref name=":4">Diong J, Harvey LA, Kwah LK, Eyles J, Ling MJ, Ben M
12 KB (1,695 words) - 13:00, 7 April 2023
...fracture, bed rest was advised for six weeks, with no movement at the hip joint permitted. He did not receive any rehabilitation treatment during his stay
'''Location of pain:''' At the hip joint, knee and over the buttock areas
4 KB (596 words) - 10:46, 1 June 2022
...ues and clinical results of patellar tendon ruptures: Evidence today.] The Knee. 2015 Jun 1;22(3):148-55.</ref> The tear can be partial, with only some fib
...icle/abs/pii/S0736467902007199 Disruption of the extensor mechanism of the knee.] The Journal of emergency medicine. 2003 Feb 1;24(2):163-8.</ref> Systemi
10 KB (1,412 words) - 11:38, 5 January 2023
* Ankle Orthoses (AOs) and Knee Orthoses (KOs), for joint protection, pain reduction or support after [[Surgery and General Anaesthet
* Ankle-Foot Orthoses ([[Introduction to Ankle Foot Orthoses|AFOs]]) and Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (KAFOs), to improve mobility, support rehabilitation an
10 KB (1,435 words) - 19:54, 5 January 2023
...nd validation of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee form. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2001; 29(5):600–613.</ref>
6 KB (892 words) - 08:43, 19 October 2023
...ft tissues that surround the joint, including muscles, ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, and skin. A lack of stretching, especially when combined with act
...d a moving arm. The examiner places the goniometer along the bone near the joint being measured to determine the range of motion.
13 KB (1,906 words) - 11:27, 20 April 2023
...ih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9450698/ Temporomandibular disorder and generalized joint hypermobility: application of diagnostic criteria]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
...ture of its distribution. An alternative scale that offers a wider view of joint laxity (including the [[shoulder]], [[hip]], [[patella]], [[Ankle and Foot|
13 KB (1,855 words) - 15:02, 25 March 2024
...-back-skin-names.png|Hamstrings in situ. Note their relationship with the knee.|alt=|thumb]]
...xcessive knee flexion. During the gait cycle, this can result in a greater knee flexion moment at initial contact or heel strike.
18 KB (2,769 words) - 14:42, 24 October 2023
...name="p4">Suksathien R., A new static progressive splint for treatment of knee and elbow flexion contractures, 2010; 93 (7): 799-804 (C)</ref> In most cas
...MmasQiM|300}}<ref>OrthoMed Pain & Sports Medicine. Flexion Contracture KNEE. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqifMmasQiM [last accessed
19 KB (2,697 words) - 00:47, 9 December 2023
[[Image:Knee Anatomy Side View.png|thumb|right|250px|Knee - Side View]]
...Sancho F. Intraosseous hyperpressure of the patella as a cause of anterior knee pain. Medscape Orth Sports Med. 1999;3:1–8.</ref>
16 KB (2,291 words) - 15:34, 19 October 2023
...talus]] of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]]. See the page for [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]] for more information.
...omy|foot]] is the part of the lower limb distal to the [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]]. It is covered on its dorsal surface by loosely adherent skin and on its
12 KB (1,693 words) - 09:30, 1 June 2022
...ts as an arch-like triangular structure or truss. The calcaneus, midtarsal joint, and metatarsals (the medial longitudinal arch) formed the truss's arch. Th
*The patient’s knee is flexed to 90° while in a non-bearing position
5 KB (797 words) - 11:56, 13 September 2023
...e=":0">Paterno MV. Non-operative care of the patient with an ACL-deficient knee. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2017 Sep 1;10(3):322-7.</ref>
...Sports Med. 2011 Jun 1;45(7):596-606.</ref> despite successful outcome on knee impairment-based function scales. In 2021, Bortone et al.<ref>Bortone I, Mo
12 KB (1,790 words) - 10:29, 31 March 2024
...Nethander M, Movérare‐Skrtic S, Richette P, Ohlsson C. Causal factors for knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study in the UK bi
....9.2022)</ref><ref name=":1">Lim WB, Al-Dadah O. Conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A review of the literature. World Journal of Orthopedics. 2
10 KB (1,413 words) - 07:46, 12 December 2023
...neal) nerve gives articular branches to the knee and superior tibiofibular joint. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf supplies the posterolateral side o
*The Genicular branches to the knee joint<br />
10 KB (1,509 words) - 06:14, 30 March 2022
...as 0 or 1. The questions 16 and 17 are rated as 0,1 and 2 depending on the joint displacement and overall performance respectively
*** A. Knee flexion angle at initial contact >30 degrees; 0 = yes, 1 = no
5 KB (744 words) - 23:16, 19 February 2020
...he junction of the lower leg and foot. The osseous components of the ankle joint include the distal [[tibia]], distal [[fibula]], and [[talus]].
The anatomic structures below the ankle joint comprise the foot, which includes:
18 KB (2,449 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
[[File:Shoulder bursa.jpg|357x357px|alt=|thumb|The shoulder joint has many ligaments]]
...tion|joint]] moves. While the ligament appears as a single structure, with joint movement, some fibres appear to tighten or loosen depending on the bone pos
9 KB (1,336 words) - 06:40, 9 September 2022
...practical%20guide%20to%20management.&f=false The multiple ligament injured knee: A practical guide to management.] New York: Springer Science, 2004.</ref>
The [[Knee|knee joint]] is made up of articulations of the [[Femur|distal femur]], [[Tibia|proxim
23 KB (3,193 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...ctional anatomy of the iliotibial band during flexion and extension of the knee: implications for understanding iliotibial band syndrome. Journal of Anatom
...over the greater trochanter of the hip, lateral femoral epicondyle of the knee and attaches to Gerdy's tubercle on the anterolateral aspect of the tibia.<
16 KB (2,448 words) - 05:24, 10 April 2024
...ency Care with Population Health. 2009;10(2).</ref>. The tightness of the joint capsule around the ankle and the strong connection of ligaments connecting
...om/doi/abs/10.1177/107110070102200715 Anterior dislocation of the subtalar joint: a case report.] Foot & Ankle International. 2001 Jul;22(7):609-11.</ref>
11 KB (1,631 words) - 12:10, 23 September 2022
...al ligament.<ref name=":4">Frobell R, Cooper R, Morris H, Arendt, H. Acute knee injuries. In: Brukner P, Bahr R, Blair S, Cook J, Crossley K, McConnell J,
...e patellar tendon, improving the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps in knee extension.<ref name="p1">Egmond DL, Schuitemaker R. De knieregio. In: Mink
17 KB (2,206 words) - 18:27, 9 January 2024
* flexibility (e.g. joint range of movement)
* [[Active Knee Extension Test|Active knee extension]]
5 KB (725 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...oximal portions of the foot. The ankle encompasses the [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]], an articulation between the [[tibia]] and [[fibula]] of the leg and the
The [[Foot Anatomy|foot]] is the part of the lower limb distal to the ankle joint. It is covered on its dorsal surface by loosely adherent skin. On its plant
17 KB (2,602 words) - 05:57, 30 January 2023
* Protection of a [[Joint Classification|joint]] or [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]
|Knee
6 KB (924 words) - 13:26, 17 August 2023
A syndesmosis is a complex fibrous [[Joint Classification|joint]] between two bones and connected by ligaments and a strong membrane<ref na
...nvex surface), with no articular capsule or synovial membrane as a fibrous joint, and attached by the interosseous ligament (IOL), the anterior-inferio
8 KB (1,096 words) - 00:46, 7 March 2021
...r body, it manifests in various scenarios, such as the interaction between joint surfaces, the contact between skin and supportive equipment, or the interfa
[[File:658px-Knee diagram.svg.png|thumb]]
17 KB (2,449 words) - 15:15, 7 May 2024
...pitfalls (for e.g. loading the prosthetic toe might unlock a specific knee joint). <ref name=":1" />
# Knee Joint
9 KB (1,342 words) - 13:25, 25 February 2022
