#REDIRECT [[Joint Line Tenderness of the Knee]]
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...mitations not allowing the clinician to analyse the ROM and track the knee joint during eg [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]] or maximum squat. Motion captu
Knee flexion
2 KB (230 words) - 10:13, 16 April 2022
...a tap test or ballottement test''' is used to examine the knee swelling or knee effusion.
This test is also know as '''dancing knee sign.'''
980 bytes (148 words) - 19:38, 15 August 2020
...ined from a french word. The test is usually used to check for [[Knee|knee joint]] effusion.
...sed 21 January 2020)</ref>. Then the test is repeated on the contralateral joint for comparison.
2 KB (262 words) - 18:37, 3 February 2020
...swelling to the joint the morning after the injury. She does not feel her knee is improving and is now off work.
...for more than 30 minutes and up and down the stairs is also difficult. The joint is not locking / clicking or giving way.
1 KB (220 words) - 00:02, 12 March 2018
[[File:Sagittal section of the knee joint Primal.png|thumb|Knee Joint ]]
...]] (Hoffa’s disease) is one of the causes of [[Anterior Knee Pain|anterior knee pain]].<ref name=":0">Kumar D, Alvand A, Beacon JP. Impingement of infrapat
3 KB (385 words) - 02:48, 9 January 2022
...anni CW, Kuo R, Tejwani N, et al: Isolated gastrocnemius tightness. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84(6):962-970.</ref>.
...degrees. The test is considered positive when DF at the AJ is greater with knee flexed than extended.
3 KB (368 words) - 12:24, 7 April 2023
...45/4/357/111154/Tibiofemoral-Joint-Positioning-for-the-Valgus Tibiofemoral joint positioning for the valgus stress test]. Journal of Athletic Training. 2010
...es an abducting force at the the foot, and a valgus force through the knee joint.
4 KB (544 words) - 23:11, 6 August 2023
...Joint Replacement Available: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/treatment/total-joint-replacement/<nowiki/>(accessed 24.12.2023)</ref>
...oplasty), and various other procedures exist which attempt to realigne the joint (e.g. osteotomies) or resurfacing with tissue.<ref>Radiopedia Arthroplasty
2 KB (309 words) - 13:30, 11 January 2024
Ankle (talocrural joint) dorsiflexion
...ted range of motion is 20 degrees.<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
789 bytes (102 words) - 22:22, 20 September 2023
Steinman test is done to diagnose meniscal pathology at the knee joint.The test is divided into 2 parts i.e Steinman part 1 and Steinman part 2 or
...n, Or the patient is lying on the bed supine with the examiner holding the knee at 90 degrees of flexion.
3 KB (417 words) - 23:01, 31 January 2021
...ty of joint functions:''' functions of the range and ease of movement of a joint.
...ility of single or several joints, vertebral, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, small joints of hands and feet; mobility of joints generalized; imp
2 KB (241 words) - 05:49, 1 June 2023
...he pediatric knee. Pediatric Radiology 2013;43(suppl 1):S90-98.</ref> Knee pain in the paediatric population arises from different underlying patholog
== Common Knee Disorders in Children ==
4 KB (495 words) - 11:16, 16 November 2023
...chondritis Dissecans of the Knee|Osteochondritis dissecans]] of the [[Knee|knee.]] <ref name="p1">Conrad, J. M., & Stanitski, C. L. (2003). [https://journa
...[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KmzLa76Wnrk&ab_channel=JIGSBINDAS 3D Knee Joint]</ref>
3 KB (418 words) - 11:54, 13 September 2023
...to hold the pressure. If positive we can say the extensor mechanism of the knee is disturbed.<ref name="Hagen">Hagen, K., ‘Anterieure Kniepijn’, Afstud
Knee Extension ( tests grade 3-thru 5)
2 KB (308 words) - 14:27, 12 April 2021
...or more information, see [[Knee_OA:_CPR_for_Hip_Mobs|CPR for hip mobs with knee OA]].
...de can be performed in other positions. Anterior glide is used to increase joint play and capsular stretch to encourage external rotation and extension ROM.
5 KB (674 words) - 02:10, 12 June 2020
[[File:Knee flex.jpeg|thumb|Knee Flexion]]
...-flexors (accessed 16.2.2022)</ref>. The hamstring muscles are the primary knee flexors. They play a key role in everyday movements, eg [[Running Biomechan
4 KB (532 words) - 05:49, 17 February 2022
...;(in which the examiner strokes the proximal hand on the thigh towards the knee and taps on the patella with the index finger of his distal hand) and the [
<br>Click [[Knee|here]] to get more information of anatomy of the knee.<br>
4 KB (650 words) - 09:00, 12 June 2021
Ankle (talocrural joint) plantarflexion
Patient is in prone or supine with test-side knee in slight flexion.
682 bytes (87 words) - 22:24, 20 September 2023
...imitations not allowing the clinician to analyse the ROM and track the hip joint during eg [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]] or maximum squat. Motion captu
Hip flexion range of motion is dependent on the position of the [[knee]] during movement.
4 KB (513 words) - 05:44, 15 January 2022
...ritical mechanism that play an important role in terminal extension of the knee.
* There is an observable rotation of the knee during flexion and extension.
6 KB (944 words) - 17:36, 17 January 2023
<div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">[[Image:Elbow joint Primal.png|200px|center]]<br>
Elbow Joint
21 KB (3,064 words) - 18:47, 14 June 2021
[[File:Knee extension.gif|thumb|200x200px|Knee extension/flexion]]
...essential role in human movement. The one agonist muscle that extends the knee is the massive [[Quadriceps Muscle|quadriceps]].
4 KB (580 words) - 18:41, 17 January 2023
...tary instability (AMRI) and anterolateral rotary instability (ALRI) of the knee. <ref name="vijf">Kaplan National Physical Therapy exam – Bethany Ch
Testing for anterior rotatory instability of the knee.<br>
5 KB (722 words) - 22:50, 31 January 2021
Right Knee pain 32 year old female
6 months insidious onset right anterior knee pain, had an x-ray but nothing abnormal detected (NAD). Slowly gettin
3 KB (388 words) - 00:02, 12 March 2018
[[File:Knee joint.png|thumb]]
...to be positioned in a supine or sitting position on the bench with his/her knee flexed to 30 degrees. The quadriceps should be relaxed to allow passive mov
3 KB (384 words) - 21:51, 31 January 2021
...rmedius muscle and founded that it has an important mechanical role during knee movement.
...articularis genus muscle and its relation to the extensor apparatus of the knee. JBJS Open Access. 2017 Dec 12;2(4).
4 KB (607 words) - 16:00, 17 February 2023
The Yeoman test is used to determine [[Sacroiliac Joint|sacroiliac joint]] involvement. More specifically, if the pain is in the sacroiliac region i
...ov/pmc/articles/PMC7646135/ Accuracy of the diagnostic tests of sacroiliac joint dysfunction.] Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2020 Mar 1;19(1):28-37.</re
2 KB (223 words) - 16:19, 28 May 2023
...[[medial meniscus]]), while the other meniscus is on the outer side of the knee (lateral meniscus)<ref name=":0" />. <br>
...chment of the lateral meniscus to the [[Lateral Collateral Ligament of the Knee|lateral collateral ligament]] (LCL). Its peripheral attachment is interrupt
7 KB (1,098 words) - 17:14, 2 July 2023
...<ref name="fred">Fredriksen H, Dagfinrud H, Jacobsen V, Maehlum S. Passive knee extension test to measure hamstring muscle tightness. Scandinavian journal
...pub.com/doi/10.1177/0363546513490650 Reliability of the active and passive knee extension test in acute hamstring injuries.] The American journal of sports
4 KB (583 words) - 06:07, 26 October 2021
...al test (the Thessaly test) for early detection of meniscal tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(5):955-962.</ref><br>
[[File:Knee Joint.jpg|600x600px]]<ref>Illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web
5 KB (661 words) - 23:11, 31 January 2021
...ined by the physiotherapist. CPM machines are most commonly applied to the knee, but there are versions for other joints such as the hip, shoulder and elbo
...ted in pediatric orthopaedic surgeries or injuries for maintaining hip and knee range of motion.<ref name=":0">Guidera K.J., Hontas R., Ogden J.A. [https:/
6 KB (888 words) - 13:45, 11 January 2024
...scotibial ligaments,''' are part of the fibrous capsule of the [[Knee|knee joint]]. They are made up of the medial coronary ligament and the lateral coronar
The coronary ligaments support rotational stability of the knee and prevent anterior [[Tibia|tibial]] translation<ref>Feger J, Knipe H, Kni
5 KB (694 words) - 12:43, 22 November 2022
Each joint has a normal [[Range of Motion|ROM]] range of values, while each person has
...name=":1">Wem [https://www.wikem.org/wiki/Range_of_motion_by_joint ROM by joint] Available online:https://www.wikem.org/wiki/Range_of_motion_by_joint [acce
2 KB (229 words) - 12:22, 7 April 2023
The Knee Outcome Survey (KOS) is a patient-completed questionnaire that provides a p
[[Image:Gray345.png|thumb|knee]]
3 KB (386 words) - 20:55, 7 April 2020
...<ref>Fulkerson JP, Shea KP. Disorders of Patellofemoral Alignment. J Bone Joint Surgery. 1990; 72-A: 1424-1429</ref> The authors are from the University of
[[Category:Knee]]
1 KB (144 words) - 20:56, 20 December 2020
If a patient has adequate muscle [[Strength Training|strength]] and joint [[Range of Motion|ROM]] for level-ground [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]]
...el ground walking. The ankle moments are almost similar in both gaits. The knee has generative role in stair ascent( absorptive in level walking). Powers a
5 KB (769 words) - 14:57, 2 March 2022
The purpose of this test is to detect the presence of patellofemoral joint disorder ([[Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome|patellofemoral pain syndrome]], [[
...driceps muscle. A positive sign on this test is pain in the patellofemoral joint<ref name="Baxter">Baxter R. Pocket Guide to Musculoskeletal Assessment, 2nd
4 KB (522 words) - 21:54, 31 January 2021
...Mooar. A rationale for assessing sports activity levels and limitations in knee disorders. ''Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research'' 1989: 246: 238-2
...L reconstructions]] among athletes, the CKRS is applicable to a variety of knee conditions such as articular cartilage restorative procedures, meniscus rep
3 KB (408 words) - 14:09, 27 February 2020
...s where there is a twisting motion on the partially flexed, weight-bearing knee.<ref>[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S02680890060003
...determine the presence of a [[Meniscal Lesions|meniscal tear]] within the knee.
5 KB (695 words) - 19:07, 29 November 2022
...kins JT, Ingersoll CD. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition: a limiting factor in joint rehabilitation. Journal of sport rehabilitation. 2000 May 1;9(2):135-59.</r
...vation acts on inhibitory interneurons synapsing on the motoneuron pool of joint musculature, thus, the contractions created by the motoneuron pool decrease
4 KB (557 words) - 23:21, 25 March 2024
...attachment and contributes to the stability of the [[Ankle Joint|ankle]] joint.
...extends to form the lateral malleolus, an important structure in the ankle joint, positioned inferiolaterally.
4 KB (539 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...ral ligament and the posterolateral corner.] Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone, 2012; 45: 592-60
...It is one of 4 critical ligaments involved in stabilizing the [[Knee|knee joint.]]
7 KB (969 words) - 01:04, 29 August 2019
...n 8-week neuromuscular exercise program for patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis: a case series drawn from a registered clinical trial. Journ
...enmark for people with [[Hip Osteoarthritis|hip]] or [[Knee Osteoarthritis|knee osteoarthritis]] (OA) symptoms.
7 KB (1,012 words) - 02:27, 26 November 2022
...tive feedback to the joints. For Nick, it is a likely cause of pain in his knee affecting his mobility. It led me to decide that the first thing to do was
*Soft tissue and joint mobilisation and stretches to lower limbs and trunk, including rotation and
2 KB (272 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
[[Image:Knee effusion.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Severe Knee Effusion]]
...aluated to know whether it is a soft tissue swelling, a bony swelling or a joint effusion.
5 KB (820 words) - 19:36, 31 January 2021
When a muscle is not able to actively move a joint to its passive limit, it is known as Muscle lag<ref name=":0">Stillman BC.
== Passive and Active limit of a joint ==
5 KB (741 words) - 10:42, 30 April 2024
Patient is prone with test side knee extended
...d range of motion is 0- 30 degrees<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
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== Gait Kinetics and Joint Moment ==
...ntric muscle contraction, the muscle shortens and there is movement at the joint, whereas during an eccentric contraction the muscle lengthens while produci
16 KB (2,334 words) - 10:16, 8 May 2024
...g, there are two patterns of range of motion used in the interpretation of joint motion:
...capsular pattern of restriction is a limitation of pain and movement in a joint specific ratio, which is usually present with [[Osteoarthritis|arthritis]],
4 KB (576 words) - 13:33, 20 January 2024
...ull/10.1177/23259671211017503 Is Isolated Hip Strengthening or Traditional Knee-Based Strengthening More Effective in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syn
.../10.2519/jospt.2018.7365 Hip and knee strengthening is more effective than knee strengthening alone for reducing pain and improving activity in individuals
7 KB (969 words) - 09:58, 24 January 2022
...e performed to assess hip and leg strength and endurance. eg in [[Anterior Knee Pain]] examination
...tand with involved leg on a 15 cm step. This will require most to bend the knee at about 60 degrees.
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...%20replacement%20rehabilitation Total knee replacement rehabilitation: The knee owner’s manual]. Alameda CA: Hunter House Inc, 2004.</ref>
...cause damage to the articular [[cartilage]] of the [[Joint Classification|joint]], which results in weakening [[cartilage]] that is not able to withstand t
7 KB (921 words) - 00:28, 26 January 2020
...contributes more to knee extension. [[Patellofemoral Joint|Patellofemoral joint]] load is decreased by advanced and adequate medially directed force by the
VMO inserts onto the medial border of the patella and the knee joint capsule. It also has a small area where it directly continues with the pate
5 KB (700 words) - 18:46, 24 January 2024
...ation with Movement (MWM) is the application of manually applied accessory joint glide with concomitant pain free active movement.
...M treatment. The tape is usually applied in the direction of the pain-free joint glide for the patient as an adjunct to manual therapy.
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...ension in the hip and it also plays an important role to stabilize the hip joint. The piriformis muscle is innervated by the direct branches from the sacral
...asses behind the hip joint to the muscles lying underneath. Above the knee joint, the sciatic nerve splits into two branches: Tibialis nerve and the Common
6 KB (969 words) - 14:45, 7 February 2021
Knee extension
...egrees in females (hyper mobility)<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
638 bytes (84 words) - 21:50, 20 February 2019
Patient is in sitting with hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees on test side. Non-test side away from test
...d range of motion is 0- 45 degrees<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
638 bytes (87 words) - 21:49, 20 February 2019
Patient is in sitting with hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees on test side. Non-test side away from test
...d range of motion is 0- 45 degrees<ref>Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
639 bytes (87 words) - 21:48, 20 February 2019
...s://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431095/ Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Knee] Injuries.4.6.2019 Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431
* Provides valgus stability to the [[Knee|knee joint]].
11 KB (1,589 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...that most commonly develop at the margins of a [[Synovial Joints|synovial joint]] as a response to articular cartilage damage, as seen very commonly in [[o
...onse to the altered [[Growth Factors|growth factor]] environment following joint injury. In some cases osteophytes can contribute to the stability of the jo
4 KB (565 words) - 21:16, 9 January 2024
...e: 1B)</ref><ref name="car">Carolyn J. et al, ‘Physiotherapy management of knee osteoarthritis.’, International Journal of Rheumatic Disease 2011, 145-15
...s fast with a small force, small amplitude and high speed of movement of a joint<ref name="car" />.
9 KB (1,337 words) - 11:19, 16 November 2023
....nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8861852/ The Relationship Between Generalised Joint Hypermobility and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults: A Large, Cross-Sectio
To assess general passive joint hypermobility.
7 KB (963 words) - 12:50, 29 April 2024
...ntermedius and its influence on the extensor apparatus of the knee joint.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2018 Mar 1;26(3):727-38.</ref>.
...art of the [[Quadriceps Muscle Strain|Quadriceps femoris]], it facilitates knee extension<ref>Moore, KL, Dalley, AF, Agur, AM. Clinically oriented anatomy.
3 KB (462 words) - 22:58, 23 March 2020
...ssess the dorsiflexion range of movement (DROM) at the [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]]. <ref name=":0">Powden CJ, Hoch JM, Hoch MC. [https://www.sciencedirect
...all, while the heel remains in contact with the floor. This puts the ankle joint in maximal dorsiflexion. The leg not being tested can rest on the the floor
3 KB (525 words) - 20:05, 3 April 2021
...wicz U, Ciszek B. Medial meniscus anatomy—from basic science to treatment. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2015 Jan;23:8-14.</ref> It has a
...he medial meniscus that is next to the [[Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee|medial collateral ligament]]. Zone 4 refers to the posterior horn, and zone
9 KB (1,310 words) - 15:39, 7 May 2024
[[File:Runners-knee SAG.jpeg|right|frameless]]
* [[Sport Injury Classification|Joint injuries]]
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...bia is a medial and large long bone of the lower extremity, connecting the knee and ankle joints. It is considered to be the second largest bone in the bod
...ial and lateral condyles of the femur.<ref name="Neumann Knee">Neumann DA, Knee. In: Neumann DA, editor. Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: Foundat
7 KB (1,054 words) - 11:28, 28 February 2022
...tellar height measurements: Insall–Salvati ratio is most reliable method.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2019 May 14:1-7.</ref><ref name=
...l orthopaedics. 2011 Dec 1;35(12):1791-7.</ref> It is commonly measured by knee X-ray, Lateral view or MRI, sagittal plane.The normal range is between 0.8
4 KB (584 words) - 11:27, 28 February 2022
...active and passive insufficiency are functional states that occur in multi-joint muscles only.
# Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint [[muscle]] shortens over BOTH joints simultaneously, and hence, creates so
10 KB (1,325 words) - 15:59, 29 December 2023
[[Image:Knee ligaments.png|thumb|left|250px]]
...iner grasps the proximal lower leg, approximately at the tibial plateau or joint line with the thumbs placed on the tibial tuberosity. Then the examiner att
3 KB (467 words) - 22:06, 31 January 2021
14 year old boy called James has bilateral knee pain right worse than left worsening over the last 12 months
...f bilateral knee pain. James initially started to notice pain in his right knee after doing sport, he would find that it ached quite a lot, but the next mo
4 KB (591 words) - 00:19, 12 March 2018
The Popliteal Fossa is a diamond-shaped space behind the [[knee]] joint<ref name=":1">Chummy SS, editor. Last's Anatomy. Twelfth Edition. Edinburgh
...is formed by the Popliteal surface of the [[Femur]], the capsule of the [[Knee]] reinforced by the oblique Popliteal [[ligament]] and, the Popliteus muscl
3 KB (430 words) - 21:41, 1 August 2023
...w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3143014/ Biomechanical measures of knee joint mobilization.] J Man Manip Ther 2011; 19(3):162-171.</ref> When mobilising,
...ns are of small amplitude and of slow oscillations at the beginning of the joint range of motion. These mobilizations are done with light pressure.
12 KB (1,739 words) - 13:47, 10 February 2024
# Regulation of joint forces and moments by skeletal segments.
!Kinematics/Joint Motion
9 KB (1,238 words) - 20:21, 12 May 2022
...of postoperative wound dehiscence and surgical site infections after total knee arthroplasty in patients with obesity.] Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jul 8;10
== Use in Total Knee and Total Hip Arthroplasty ==
4 KB (567 words) - 13:36, 11 January 2024
[[File:Total knee arthroplasty.jpg|right|frameless|312x312px]]
...ery are removed. New prosthetic pieces are then replaced within knee joint joint. The components consist of the femoral condyle component, the tibial platea
10 KB (1,456 words) - 08:40, 5 April 2024
...xion Deformity of the Knee|knee]] and [[Flexion Deformity of Elbow|elbow]] joint.[[File:Normal Posture Biomechanics.png|thumb|470x470px]]
...eakness of hip extensors, spasticity of the hip flexors or an inflamed hip joint capsule. Consequently, shortening of the hip flexor muscles (mainly [[iliop
6 KB (946 words) - 16:53, 20 November 2022
...trocnemius plays a subtle role in producing leg flexion at the [[Knee|knee joint]], while the soleus plays part in maintaining stability when the body is st
The gastrocnemius traverses three joints including the knee, ankle and subtalar joints <ref name=":2">Cohen JC. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nl
8 KB (1,212 words) - 18:07, 25 April 2024
...sequential manner in order to determine abnormalities in alignment of bone/joint/muscle to other. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Thompson J, Walton A. [ht
== Peripheral Joint Assessment ==
7 KB (908 words) - 13:33, 3 September 2023
...clinician/examiner stands on the side of the affected leg, the patient's [[knee]] is positioned at about 30° flexion which is then supported by the examin
...t in knee flexion. <ref name=":0">Abrahams, S., Kern, J.H., 2001. Anterior knee pain: plica syndrome, the forgotten pathology? Physiotherapy 87 (10), 523�
4 KB (554 words) - 04:11, 4 March 2021
...nge of Motion|range of motion]] in assessment. There are multiple types of joint end-feels all of which are different for each individual.
* The end of each motion at each joint is limited from further movement by particular anatomical structures.
8 KB (1,160 words) - 14:28, 3 February 2024
...t, the anterior drawer sign, and the pivot shift test in acute and chronic knee injuries]. The American Journal of Sports Medicine 1986;14:88-91.fckLRhttp:
...asps the proximal lower leg, just below the tibial plateau or tibiofemoral joint line and attempts to translate the lower leg anteriorly. The test is consid
6 KB (931 words) - 13:10, 1 October 2023
...the lower back, the other holding the leg at the heel. Passively flex the knee in a rapid fashion. The heel should touch the buttocks. Test both sides for
...ral palsy. A comparison of clinical and electromyographic findings. J Bone Joint Surg [Am]. 1976;58:201–208.</ref> showed that the Duncan-Ely test is not
3 KB (397 words) - 12:40, 7 April 2023
...ell Mater. 2007 Mar 6;13(1):26-39</ref>[[File:Synovial Joints.jpg|Synovial joint with synovial fluid|alt=|right|frameless]]
...fter isometric quadriceps exercise for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee]. Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2003 Apr 1;11(4):252-9.</ref>However, synov
7 KB (932 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...ral corner of the knee such as [[Lateral Collateral Ligament Injury of the Knee|lateral collateral ligament injury]][[Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reco
...da Y, Tamaki T. Functional anatomy of the posterolateral structures of the knee. Arthroscopy. 1993 Feb 1;9(1):57-62.</ref> The popliteus muscle is innerva
11 KB (1,555 words) - 18:43, 17 March 2023
...Category:Hip - Muscles|muscles of the hip]] and [[:Category:Knee - Muscles|knee]] that contribute to [[Walking - Muscles Used|walking]] and other propulsiv
...ates with the acetabulum of the [[pelvis]] to create the [[Hip Anatomy|hip joint]].
7 KB (1,066 words) - 10:00, 10 May 2024
.... Wiley Blackwell. 2012. p 1-24. </ref> A sprain is usually caused by the joint being forced suddenly outside its usual range of movement and the inelastic
...just a few fibres) to severe (complete rupture of the ligament, leading to joint instability).
9 KB (1,273 words) - 14:46, 24 November 2020
...the other muscles that make up quadriceps femoris, extends the [[Knee|knee joint]] <ref name=":0" />and it also contributes to correct tracking of the patel
...ih.gov/pubmed/24997734 Anterior knee pain: an update of physical therapy.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2014 Oct 1;22(10):2286-94.</ref>
5 KB (759 words) - 05:17, 1 April 2022
...en you walk, loss of range of movement and a feeling of instability in the knee.
...hich provides additional stability and act as a shock absorber in the knee joint.
11 KB (1,724 words) - 14:56, 16 March 2022
...pain and muscle guarding, joint effusion, contractures or adhesions in the joint capsules or supporting ligaments, or malalignment or subluxation of the bon
== Tibiofibular Joint ==
7 KB (1,117 words) - 07:05, 26 February 2022
...e') is a flat, inverted triangular bone, situated on the front of the knee joint.<ref name="neumann" /> It is the largest sesamoid bone, developed in the te
...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519534/ Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Knee Patella.] [Updated 2023 Oct 27]. In: StatPearls [Internet] Treasure Island
8 KB (1,195 words) - 15:48, 22 December 2023
Zika, physical therapy, joint pain, Guatemala<br>
...herapy clinic upon return from Guatemala with complaints of bilateral knee joint pain and muscle aches. Pt does not have any pertinent past medical history.
4 KB (663 words) - 00:09, 12 March 2018
...oreceptors, which are responsible to detect any change in position of the knee, direction, speed and tension. It is lined by the synovial fluid, which pro
* Painful terminal knee flexion<ref name=":1">el Kadi KI, Marcaillou F, Blanc S, Salloum B, Dimonta
6 KB (794 words) - 20:12, 13 October 2020
...of the unaffected/less impaired extremity (e.g., R knee extension 90% of L knee extension)
...than IKD, but does question its efficacy for larger joint use such as the knee <ref>Stark T, Walker B, Phillips JK, Fejer R, Beck R. [https://www.research
7 KB (941 words) - 21:33, 10 March 2024
...on of the medial patellofemoral ligament: a systematic review of anatomy.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2017 Dec 1;25(12):3755-72.</ref>
...tubercle, superior to the superficial [[Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee|medial collateral ligament (MCL).]] <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> The
5 KB (730 words) - 19:21, 23 January 2023
...jo IL, Castro MC, Matos MA. Assessment of quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Acta ortopedica brasileira. 2015 Nov;23:307-10.</ref>
...se progression and reducing symptoms. The aim of management is to minimize knee pain, optimize function, and support self-management.
6 KB (866 words) - 21:21, 9 January 2024
[[File:Total knee arthroplasty.jpg|thumb|289x289px|KJA]]
...c/articles/PMC6520178/ Clinical spectrum of neuropathy after primary total knee arthroplasty: A series of 54 cases.] Muscle & nerve. 2019 Jun;59(6):679-82.
4 KB (591 words) - 08:48, 4 April 2024
* [[Patella]] - in the [[Quadriceps Muscle|quadriceps]] tendon at the knee
...ucis Brevis|flexor hallucis brevis]] tendon at the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint
3 KB (359 words) - 15:40, 3 July 2023
...mmon injury.<ref name="knee">Rethnam U, Yesupalan RS, Nair R. The floating knee: epidemiology, prognostic indicators and outcome following surgical managem
...b|300px|Type 1 Floating knee (Blake & McBryde classification)]] <ref name="knee" />
9 KB (1,405 words) - 15:42, 16 September 2019
...very similar to a [[goniometer]]. The ROM is the amount of movement that a joint can make.
...ill change as the joint moves. The maximum angle reached is the ROM of the joint.
4 KB (543 words) - 15:52, 30 August 2023
...active neuromuscular training for the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee: a case report.] J Athl Train. 1999;34(2):194–201.</ref>.
...fness, coordinated motor patterns, and reflex activity to provide enhanced joint stability<ref name=":0" />. The information gathered is processed at three
9 KB (1,334 words) - 10:08, 23 June 2022
*To correct mal-alignment of a joint due to mal-union or deformity like coxa vara, genu valgum, and genu varum e
*To relieve pain in arthritis, especially of the hip and knee.<br>
8 KB (1,280 words) - 18:35, 17 October 2020
[[File:Synovial Joint.png|right|frameless|399x399px]]
The three [[Joint Classification|joints]] in the body (Histologically) are fibrous, cartilagi
12 KB (1,780 words) - 14:16, 16 March 2022
...n many cases on the anterior side of the knee or on the medial side of the knee.
* Symptoms of saphenous nerve entrapment may include a deep thigh ache, knee pain, and paresthesias in the nerve’s cutaneous distribution in the leg a
9 KB (1,327 words) - 07:32, 2 March 2020
...is the art and science of measuring the joint ranges in each plane of the joint.<ref name=":0" /> The term 'goniometry' is derived from the greek words '<
...a patient has altered [[Range of Motion|range of motion]] in a particular joint, the therapist can use a goniometer to assess what the range of motion is a
10 KB (1,405 words) - 23:39, 13 June 2023
...eptions of patients about total knee replacement.] The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume. 1998 Jan;80(1):63-9.</ref>.
...joint revision in the New Zealand Joint Registry]. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume. 2010 Mar;92(3):413-8.</ref>.
10 KB (1,519 words) - 17:34, 17 January 2023
The Lachman test is a passive accessory movement test of the knee performed to identify the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
| [[Image:Knee ligaments.png|thumb|center|250px|Knee Ligaments including ACL]]
7 KB (1,071 words) - 09:21, 4 February 2024
...changes and swelling are not expected at the hip because it is such a deep joint, but they may be associated with trauma, bruising and abrasions. If redness
*Hip flexion with knee flexion limited and painful
5 KB (722 words) - 15:13, 18 June 2019
...2953323/pdf/najspt-03-107.pdf Clinical Testing for Extra-Articular Lateral Knee Pain. A Modification and Combination of Traditional Tests]. North American
...maximus muscle inserts in the iliotibial tract. When approaching the knee joint, the iliotibial tract passes the lateral epicondyle of the [[femur]] and sp
5 KB (707 words) - 11:02, 2 October 2022
...test) is used to evaluate individuals for problems of the meniscus in the knee. This test is named after Alan Graham Appley (1914 - 1996), a British ortho
...ushion between the proximal tibia and the distal femur to make up the knee joint.<ref name=":1">Lateral meniscus. (2018, March 14). ''Physiopedia,'' . Ret
10 KB (1,382 words) - 19:03, 31 January 2021
[[File:Knee osteoarthritis xray.jpg|right|frameless|311x311px]]
...itis]] or chronic inflammatory arthropathies.<ref name=":1" /> Image is of Knee osteoarthritis, possible a PTA.
10 KB (1,500 words) - 15:42, 29 August 2023
*Any back or leg pain? (Is pain in a dermatomal region - pain in the knee can be referred from the back)
*Is there hip or ankle pain? (Knee pain can be referred from the hip or biomechanically affected by the ankle)
12 KB (1,651 words) - 11:13, 16 November 2023
...S, Wagner H, Müller E. Effects of 4-week slackline training on lower limb joint motion and muscle activation. J Sci Med Sport 2013;16:562-6.</ref>.
...spontaneous down regulation that suppresses uncontrollable reflex mediated joint oscillations<ref name="Keller">Keller et al, 2013, Improved postural contro
4 KB (530 words) - 09:21, 16 September 2021
...frequently used in the field of rehabilitation as a means of treatment for knee injuries however much of the evidence is contradictory. Taping is one of th
There is good reason to use taping for sporting injuries of the knee, however there is contradicting evidence for using taping to improve lower
6 KB (953 words) - 11:21, 16 November 2023
...be discussed in this page: the knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) and the hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis (HKAFO).<ref name=":0">Fisher, D. Introduction to Compl
*** Knee: extension / flexion, instability
11 KB (1,574 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...[[Femur]] is the longest bone in the body and extends from the hip to the knee.
...part of the femur articulates with the tibia and kneecap, forming the knee joint. It serves as a site of origin and insertion for many muscles and ligaments
5 KB (682 words) - 20:30, 31 January 2021
[[Image:Knee osteoarthritis xray.jpg|right|200px]]
...eatment outcomes<ref>Roos EM1, Roos HP, Lohmander LS, Ekdahl C, Beynnon BD.Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)--development of a self-admin
9 KB (1,285 words) - 14:11, 11 January 2024
Case study of Rehabilitation of High Above knee Amputation in young adolescent patient
...educe the energy expenditure during ambulation along with multi axial knee joint with dynamic foot prosthesis is prescribed.
6 KB (967 words) - 18:52, 11 April 2020
...new weight-bearing meniscal test and a comparison with McMurray’s test and joint line tenderness]. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surger
[[File:Ligaments of the knee joint superior aspect Primal.png|300x300px|alt=|thumb]]
10 KB (1,458 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...200112.xml The role of the iliofemoral ligament as a stabilizer of the hip joint.] EFORT Open Reviews. 2021 vol. 6(7), pp. 545-555. </ref>
...apsular ligament, it is anatomically connected with the capsule of the hip joint.
5 KB (802 words) - 00:30, 5 June 2022
*Left knee flexion, difficult to reduce, with tenderness on the outer side of the dist
*Impairments: bending left knee fixed, attempts to extend are painful
5 KB (807 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...J, Scuderi GRVarus and Valgus Deformities. In: Lotke PA, Lonner JH, eds. ''Knee Arthroplasty, Masters Techniques in Orthopaedic Surgery.'' 3rd ed. Philadel
* The patello-femoral joint can be affected with lateral subluxation of the patella and trochlear blunt
7 KB (1,099 words) - 17:44, 2 October 2023
...length directly correlates to the available range of motion at the hip and knee joints.<ref name=":1">Florence Peterson Kendall, McCreary E, Provance P, Ro
|One joint: Hip
13 KB (1,959 words) - 10:43, 18 August 2023
|Knee
|Knee
14 KB (2,012 words) - 08:56, 26 September 2022
1/5 Knee
|Glenohumeral Joint:
4 KB (518 words) - 12:20, 2 March 2022
...t reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 1990;6(3):171-8.</ref>that leads to limited knee extension range of motion.
...f knee extension with or without an audible or palpable cluck at terminal knee extension constitutes the cyclops syndrome. Clinically it is reported to ha
7 KB (1,013 words) - 12:07, 3 February 2022
...(PFP) is a common overuse injury in cycling. It is also known as cyclist's knee or patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).
...Donald J. Stieber, Lisa T. Hoglund. The influence of extrinsic factors on knee biomechanics during cycling: a systematic review of the literature The inte
5 KB (759 words) - 16:07, 31 July 2023
High level of rehabilitation of amputees,Core stability, hip joint stability exercises,Swimming
...nt resulting bilateral below knee injury. Client underwent bilateral below knee amputee in Dec 2013. <br>Co-morbidities:<br>Nil.<br>Previous care or treatm
6 KB (862 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
* Arthritis is defined as an acute or chronic joint inflammation. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, stiffness, and redness w
* People with RA and other inflammatory joint disorders have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Healthy l
6 KB (979 words) - 12:01, 24 July 2023
...rmal positioning and movement of the [[scapula]] is linked to glenohumoral joint pathologies.
...at the hip and knee requires extreme stabilization at the scapula-thoracic joint.<ref name=":0">Hong J, Barnes MJ, Leddon CE, Van Ryssegem G, Alamar B. [htt
3 KB (418 words) - 12:32, 4 August 2021
...he [[knee]], extends [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], laterally rotates lower leg when knee slightly flexed, assists in lateral rotation of the thigh when hip extended
*Short head: flexes the [[knee]], laterally rotates lower leg when knee slightly flexed<ref name="anatomytv" /><ref name="Netter" />
10 KB (1,461 words) - 01:58, 23 March 2024
...s. The usual presentation for SMT is pain on the posteromedial side of the knee. Physical examination can usually localise the area of tenderness to the di
...serinus (Sartorius, Gracilis, emitendinosus) run on the medial side of the knee and insert on the medial side of the tibial plateau just below the tuberosi
10 KB (1,384 words) - 10:30, 16 September 2019
== Introduction to the Total Joint Arthroplasty and Outcome Measures (TJAOM) Toolkit ==
...te for use along the continuum of care for patients before and after total joint arthroplasty.
12 KB (1,629 words) - 13:39, 11 January 2024
...allucis longus]]) which is mono-articular and does not influence the ankle joint.
...M.J. [https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/2/4/34/htm Anatomy and Physiology of Knee Stability]. ''J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol.'' 2017, ''2'', 34.</ref> ther
13 KB (1,940 words) - 18:39, 17 March 2023
...xample when controlling ankle plantarflexion in an AFO or genu valgus in a knee orthosis. It occurs when three forces are applied to a segment with the sin
...nchak R, Shybut G. A New Concept in Orthotics— The Northwestern University Knee Orthosis System Part II: The Complete Orthosis. Orthotics and Prosthesis. 1
12 KB (1,911 words) - 10:32, 2 November 2023
...joint or biarticular muscle and has two heads and runs from back of [[knee]] to the heel. The definitive shape of the calf is as a result of the media
* Both heads have attachments from the knee joint capsule and from the oblique popliteal ligament.<ref name="pala" />
9 KB (1,412 words) - 02:47, 29 March 2022
...Concepts Review Comprehensive Physical Examination for Instability of the Knee. The American journal of sports medicine. 2008 Mar 1;36(3):577-94.</ref>.
...isolated PCL tear, the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Posterior_Drawer_Test_(Knee) posterior drawer test] or sag tests are more relevant.
9 KB (1,404 words) - 13:52, 27 November 2023
...ulling from lateral to medial, to in effect “medialize” the patellofemoral joint (PFJ). Once applied the patients should experience a reduction in their sym
...Bennell. Efficacy of knee tape in the management of osteoarthritis of the knee: blinded randomized controlled trial, Centre for Sports medicine research a
11 KB (1,629 words) - 01:31, 29 August 2019
Emma was on the ground where she fell in the fetal position, holding the knee and crying
Reported an Audible 'Pop' and instability of the knee on landing
3 KB (439 words) - 00:32, 12 March 2018
Pes Equinus is a condition in which the upward bending motion of the ankle joint (dorsiflexion) is limited.<ref name=":0">Equinus. [https://www.foothealthfa
...quinus, spastic and non-spastic forms in addition to soft tissue causes of joint restriction.<ref>Tiberio D. [https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article-pdf/68/12
10 KB (1,504 words) - 22:53, 6 February 2024
== '''Introduction to Knee Osteoarthritis''' ==
...R, Cruz-Almeida Y. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6179584/ Knee osteoarthritis: pathophysiology and current treatment modalities. Journal o
20 KB (2,846 words) - 03:42, 3 September 2023
...systematic approach to diagnosing common musculoskeletal conditions of the knee.] SMRJ 2020; 4(2). </ref>
...rmth, joint pain and joint deformity.<ref name="Stephen">Stephen J, et al. Joint tenderness overview. DSHI systems 2010(5)</ref>
16 KB (2,455 words) - 18:42, 24 May 2022
...e, it has the tendency to shift anterior/posterior (front to back) as your knee flexes and extends.<ref name=":2">Boulder sports Physio Iliotibial Band (IT
...ontains a [[Synovium & Synovial Fluid|synovial]] extension of the [[knee]] joint capsule (lateral synovial recess)<ref name=":0" />
6 KB (857 words) - 02:00, 28 December 2021
*Joint line tenderness
*Pain with maximal passive knee flexion
2 KB (185 words) - 23:25, 4 August 2019
...vides limited diagnostic utility in CAM-type femoroacetabular impingement. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2014 Apr;22(4):806-11.</ref>
Maximal or deep hip flexion during a [[Squat Exercise|squat]], places the hip joint under load and can initiate the engagement of the CAM type femoral deformit
2 KB (366 words) - 16:23, 14 November 2022
[[Amputations|Bilateral Below Knee Amputation]] due to Diabetic Complications
...tation seven years later. The patient was then fitted with bilateral below knee prosthesis and was given training at a rehab hospital. Upon his discharge,
8 KB (1,164 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
== Cyclist's Knee - Relevant Anatomy ==
...nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5717478/ The influence of extrinsic factors on knee biomechanics during cycling: a systematic review of the literature.] Intern
14 KB (2,030 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...of force exerted by [[Quadriceps Muscle|the quadriceps]] is lateral to the joint line mainly due to the large cross-sectional area and force potential of [[
...bmed/17198449 "Q-angle: an invaluable parameter for evaluation of anterior knee pain"](January 2007)</ref>
14 KB (2,126 words) - 11:36, 31 December 2023
[[Image:Knee ligaments.png|right|251x251px|Knee Anatomy|frameless]]
...physical examination are the most important instruments in evaluating knee joint pain, musculoskeletal imaging is an important adjunct.<ref name="Berry">Ber
12 KB (1,773 words) - 11:14, 16 November 2023
...ticular ligament in human knee and the primary posterior stabilizer of the knee. It comprises of 2 functional bundles: the larger anterolateral bundle (ALB
...e posterior aspect of the tibial plateau, approximately 1 cm distal to the joint line<ref name=":0" />. The average surface area of the PCL attachments to t
10 KB (1,534 words) - 19:35, 31 October 2019
[[Image:Knee osteoarthritis xray.jpg|right|200px]]
...007 that favors at least a short term decrease in pain in people that have knee osteoarthritis after they undergone 4 different hip mobilizations. <br>
9 KB (1,302 words) - 09:54, 3 September 2022
...eplace either the medial part, the lateral part, or the [[patella]] of the knee.
...able from:https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/knee-replacement/partial-knee-replacement (accessed 17.2.2021)</ref>.
13 KB (1,699 words) - 13:55, 11 January 2024
...children of growing age diagnosed with a malignant bone tumor around knee joint.<ref name=":0">http://rotationplasty.com/A-Surgeons-Approach--The-Dynamics-
...anfrini M, Tesio L. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5094202/ Knee rotationplasty: motion of the body centre of mass during walking.] Internat
10 KB (1,422 words) - 10:55, 19 November 2022
...(highlighted in green) - anterolateral view|right|frameless|500x500px|Hip joint (highlighted in green) - anterolateral view]]
image 1: Schematic depiction of hip joint structures' positions in hip dysplasia A - Normal, B - Dysplasia, C - Sublu
7 KB (971 words) - 13:07, 14 March 2023
...t|assessment technique]] is to evaluate ankle size and [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]] swelling (edema).
The method of measuring joint swelling in a figure of 8 has the following advantages:
4 KB (612 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...thritis subjects presenting with pain following arthroscopic meniscectomy. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008; 16: 747–752.</ref>
...ame="p1" /> This can lead to pain and loss of function in the joint of the knee.<ref name="p2" /> Therefore, hyaluronic acid is injected so that de concent
10 KB (1,457 words) - 15:28, 6 June 2017
Many hip and knee problems arise due to weak hip abductors. Hip abduction strengthening exerc
...bilization]] during walking and running; abduction and rotation at the hip joint<ref>Ganderton C, Pizzari T, Harle T, Cook J, Semciw A. [https://www.researc
9 KB (1,380 words) - 20:44, 20 January 2024
...ndrew TL. Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise. A Comprehensive Guide to Multiple-Joint Exercises. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 2002;1(4):200.</ref> In a clos
|'''Example: seated knee extension'''<ref name="closed">http://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php/Closed
8 KB (1,149 words) - 21:15, 9 January 2024
...aid in diseases of the knee. A preliminary report. The Journal of bone and joint surgery]. British volume. 1987 Mar;69(2):288-93.</ref>
Noises in the knee can be distressing for patients, potentially leading to fear avoidance beha
18 KB (2,709 words) - 11:22, 18 October 2023
...ee study]. Osteoarthritis and cartilage. 2017 May 1;25(5):647-53.</ref>. [[Knee Osteoarthritis|Tibiofemoral (TF) OA]] tends to be more focused on in resear
{{#ev:youtube|zKrzvjfkkpg|250}}<ref>Patellofemoral joint Arthritis Indications for Treatment by Dr. S. Hayasaka. Available from:http
13 KB (2,033 words) - 12:18, 21 September 2023
...ve test useful for diagnosing pain related to [[Facet Joint Syndrome|facet joint pathology]], e.g. [[osteoarthritis]].
...e suggestive of nerve root irritation. Especially if the pain is below the knee/elbow.<ref name="p5">Souza TA. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id
5 KB (823 words) - 23:29, 18 December 2023
...Raise ( SLR) test]] in which the examiner lifts the leg with the extended knee. Examiner raises the leg to the point where the patient perceives pain alon
...maximum pain (positive SLR) the examiner will slightly flex the patient’s knee approximately 20 degrees thereby reducing the pain.
3 KB (432 words) - 19:07, 17 January 2024
* A mechanical obstruction of the joint so a loss of normal joint motion
...n exercises are to reduce and abolish pain symptoms, and/or restore normal joint function.
7 KB (971 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
The quadriceps femoris is a hip flexor and a knee extensor. It consists of four individual muscles; three vastus muscles and
The muscles that form the quadriceps femoris unite proximal to the knee and attach to the [[patella]] via the quadriceps [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]
12 KB (1,758 words) - 10:51, 16 May 2023
...-biology/ Synovium] Available: https://musculoskeletalkey.com/synovium-and-joint-biology/<nowiki/>(accessed 18.6.2021)</ref>.
...ents, debris and waste removal, immune modulation, and inflammation in the joint. These specialized functions are achieved by major cell types in synovial m
11 KB (1,508 words) - 09:26, 10 October 2023
*[[Acromioclavicular Joint|Acromioclavicular Joint]]
*[[Acromioclavicular Joint Disorders|Acromioclavicular Joint Disorders]]
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...cedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X05000214 Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests.] Ma
.../8073316 The reliability of selected pain provocation tests for sacroiliac joint pathology]. Spine. 1994 Jun;19(11):1243-9.</ref>
6 KB (933 words) - 22:08, 31 January 2021
Any joint can be affected but PVNS occurs mostly in the knee (80%), followed by the hip and the ankle (foot). To a lesser degree in the
...ssive [5]. Some may experience pain, swelling, warmth and stiffness in the joint [5][8]. Locking and instability, mechanical symptoms, may develop [5]. PVNS
9 KB (1,250 words) - 12:40, 18 June 2021
...l menisectomy on the stability of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Am J Sports Med 2010;38(8):1591-7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2053
...y [[Image:Heleen fig1.jpg|right|350x250px|anatomical structure of the knee joint, fig 1]] ==
15 KB (2,396 words) - 08:48, 4 February 2024
[[File:Sacroiliac Joint human.png|thumb]]
...Rehabilitation Research Network, “Evaluation of the presence of sacroiliac joint region dysfunction using a combination of test: a multicenter intertester r
8 KB (1,227 words) - 14:18, 10 March 2024
...ernal rotation: a new clinical test for diagnosing subscapularis lesions.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2015 Apr 1;23(4):1247-52.</ref>
.... Diagnostic performance of clinical tests for subscapularis tendon tears. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2018 Jan 1;26(1):176-81.</ref>
4 KB (593 words) - 19:10, 31 January 2021
...name="p1">Grelsamer, RP. Patellar Malalignment. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. 2000; 82:1639-1639 [Level of Evidence: A1]</ref>
...e localization of all muscles and osseous parts<ref name="p4">Cailliet, R. Knee pain and disability. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis company, 1973. 153p. [Level o
10 KB (1,439 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...e up of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint. Pain experienced in the knee can have various causes. Performing a thorough, detailed interview and phys
== Brief Anatomy of the [[Knee]] ==
17 KB (2,542 words) - 09:27, 7 December 2022
...read more about the knee/prosthesis and watch the available videos. Each knee has different features that will influence the gait of the individual as we
...updated July 2014. https://www.amputee-coalition.org/resources/prosthetic-knee-systems/</ref><ref name=":9">The War Amps. Prosthetic Knees for Adults. htt
14 KB (2,187 words) - 23:34, 3 August 2022
...terior and posterior views)|right|frameless|600x600px|Overview of the knee joint (anterior and posterior views)]]
...anatomy (accessed 29 July 2016).</ref>It is a bi-condylar type of synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension (and a small degree of media
27 KB (3,969 words) - 11:03, 16 November 2023
...es. This ligament is integral maintaining flexibility and stability in the knee.
...racture) is a break at the top of the tibia bone in the lower leg near the knee as a result of high amounts of tension placed upon the Anterior cruciate li
10 KB (1,398 words) - 12:22, 16 October 2023
...ohansson Disease. Its Etiology and Natural History’, Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, December 1978, vol. 60, no. 8, p. 1113-1116. (Level of Evidence 1B
...].<ref>Houghton, K. M., ‘Review for the generalist: evaluation of anterior knee pain’, Paediatric Rheumatology, (2007), vol. 5, p. 4-10. (Level of Eviden
12 KB (1,706 words) - 11:28, 28 February 2022
Screen client first re contraindications eg [[Anterior Knee Pain|Anterior knee pain]].
...ion or recruitment (neuromuscular), muscle weakness, strength asymmetry or joint instability (strength)
5 KB (680 words) - 02:02, 20 February 2022
[[File:Patellofemoral instability.png|thumb|Patellofemoral joint]]
...7-250. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-h3939rep.</ref>. When the patellofemoral joint becomes unloaded, the patient rarely complains of the same pain<ref name=":
17 KB (2,359 words) - 12:55, 5 June 2021
...://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560847/ Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Knee Injuries]. StatPearls [Internet]. 2020 Aug 4.</ref>
...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11046165 Lateral stabilizing structures of the knee: functional anatomy and injuries assessed with MR imaging.] Radiographics.
17 KB (2,559 words) - 16:44, 15 December 2022
...crosses over the hip and knee joint; therefore, it functions to extend the knee and also assists [[Iliacus|iliopsoas]] in hip flexion<ref name=":2">Page, P
...he contralateral side. A markedly shortened rectus femoris is suggested by knee flexion of less than 80°or by marked prominence of superior patellar groov
6 KB (952 words) - 18:23, 25 September 2023
...avies GJ. Closed kinetic chain exercise: a comprehensive guide to multiple joint exercises. Human Kinetics; 2001. Available From: http://bit.ly/1NunaL7</re
...a hand, moving the foot during the swing phase of gait, or doing a seated knee extension. <ref name="p9" />
15 KB (2,282 words) - 12:47, 12 December 2022
...n caused by a little bone posterolateral in the knee joint. Posterolateral knee pain can be associated with the presence of a fabella and this incidence ma
...a role similar to the patella in redirecting extension forces of the knee joint from one point to another whereas the fabella redirects forces on the flexo
14 KB (2,084 words) - 17:01, 11 February 2022
...he individual has the ability to run.<ref name="Nor">Norkin C; Levangie P; Joint Structure and Function; A comprehensive analysis; 2nd;'92; Davis Company.</
*Greater joint range of movement
11 KB (1,832 words) - 09:54, 28 February 2023
...raumatic osteoma of tibial insertion of medial collateral ligament of knee joint]. British journal of sports medicine.1998; ''32''(1): 73-74. Level of evid
...D. The Pellegrini–Stieda Lesion Dissected Historically. ''T''he journal of knee surgery.2018; 31(06): 562-567.</ref>:
14 KB (2,028 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...to the [[Medial Meniscus]], to the [[Medial Collateral Ligament of the Knee|Medial Collateral Ligament]] and to the [[Tibia]] .
...osus distal tendon is a major component of the posteromedial corner of the knee.
12 KB (1,726 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...te equipment and preparation can cause soft tissue injury known as 'Spring Knee'.<ref>Clarsen B, Krosshaug T, Bahr R. [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/ful
Spring Knee:
14 KB (2,032 words) - 00:01, 26 January 2023
Hip articulation is true diarthroidal ball and-socket style joint.
...ead of the femur as it articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis. This joint serves as the main connection between the lower extremity and the trunk, an
10 KB (1,492 words) - 05:02, 25 March 2022
...f/10.1177/0363546520909397 Platelet-rich plasma versus hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control
...n, did not lead to a notable disparity in symptoms or the condition of the joint after 12 months.
8 KB (1,118 words) - 10:42, 25 September 2023
...sents an hourglass or bowtie shape. The ACL is a key structure in the knee joint, as it resists anterior tibial translation and internal rotational loads as
...urnell">Hassebrock JD, Gulbrandsen MT, Asprey WL, Makovicka JL, Chhabra A. Knee ligament anatomy and biomechanics. Sports medicine and arthroscopy review.
12 KB (1,746 words) - 16:10, 23 July 2023
...t to changes in the [[Connective Tissue Disorders|connective tissues.]] As joint range of movement has a direct effect on [[posture]] and [[Movement Dysfunc
...://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12027537 Subchondral bone of the human knee joint in aging and osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage] 10:360-369, 2002 Ava
10 KB (1,436 words) - 02:33, 14 August 2022
# Anterolateral: tight when the knee is in flexion
# Posteromedial bundle: tight when the knee is in extension
12 KB (1,717 words) - 09:12, 20 November 2022
With the distal part fixed, movement at any one joint in the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Kinetic_Chain kinetic chain] requires m
...osed kinetic chain exercise on pain and physical function in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review. Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy
12 KB (1,650 words) - 19:27, 1 February 2024
The standing flexion test is a test that can be used to assess '''sacroiliac joint''' dysfunction. It is best used in combination with other specific tests. A
...ein. Intertester Reliability for Selected Clinical Tests of the Sacroiliac Joint. Physical Therapy. 1985; 65: 1671-1675fckLRLevel of evidence: C</ref>
8 KB (1,150 words) - 00:19, 14 March 2021
...a joint is capable of doing. Range of motion of a [[Joint Classification|joint]] is gauged during passive ROM (assisted) '''PROM''' or active ROM (indepen
...uses movement of a joint and is usually the maximum range of motion that a joint can move. Usually performed when the patient is unable or not permitted to
12 KB (1,769 words) - 21:20, 23 March 2024
...ise test (ASLR) when a patient presents with lumbopelvic and/or sacroiliac joint pain.
...gical study of morphological relations in the posterior sacroiliac region. Joint Bone Spine, 2009. 76 (1). 57-62</ref>. It has close relations with the apon
4 KB (595 words) - 21:31, 31 January 2021
* Articular osteochondrosis occurs in joint areas including:
**[[Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee|Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee;]]
4 KB (449 words) - 21:02, 24 January 2023
...coid: shaped liked or resembling a disk) meniscus, also called the popping knee syndrome, is a variation on the normal meniscus.
...in some cases there will be an annoying “click” on the lateral side of the knee.
11 KB (1,679 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...nderness, locking of the knee, or limitation of the range of motion during knee flexion. <ref name=":0">1.
...ondary mechanical stability, and guiding of movements.<ref>Habegger A. The Knee. 2023 Mar.</ref>[[File:Anterior view of posterolateral attachments of later
11 KB (1,516 words) - 20:28, 21 August 2023
# The femur: part of the dog’s leg situated above the knee on the hind leg
# The stifle or knee: the joint that sits on the front of the hind leg in line with the abdomen
16 KB (2,333 words) - 01:03, 19 October 2022
...knee and description of a technique for treatment. Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation. 2021 Sep 1;1(3):100021.</ref>
[[File:BML Knee.png|thumb|500x500px|Findings typical of subchondral fracture: (A) coronal T
10 KB (1,500 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...f><sup> </sup>That process can lead to pain, loose body formation and joint effusion.<ref name="Erickson et al" /><sup> </sup><br>
...e.<ref name="p2">Van Nugteren, K. (2008). Examination and Treatment of the Knee. Houten: Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum. p.82-87. Level of evidence: 1A</ref> 
19 KB (2,919 words) - 01:18, 30 August 2019
=== Knee Arthroplasty ===
{{#ev:youtube|EV6a995pyYk|400}}<ref name=":0">Nucleus Medical Media. Total Knee Replacement Surgery | Nucleus Health. Available from: http://www.youtube.co
13 KB (1,805 words) - 13:38, 11 January 2024
...gnificant stability, shock absorption performance, and lubrication for the joint. Post-op rehab is important to regain and maintain all these qualities. Men
...e joint and can be one of the early signs of osteoarthritic changes of the knee. Studies show the incidence of meniscus tear both simple and complex is at
14 KB (2,086 words) - 19:37, 26 September 2021
...ine of the femur''' and from the '''oblique popliteal ligament of the knee joint''' and the muscle belly crosses the popliteal fossa inferomedially. In the
...acts with the gastrocnemius but is insignificant as either a flexor of the knee, or a plantar flexor of the ankle. It has been considered to be an organ of
6 KB (940 words) - 10:29, 2 July 2020
...ssociated with ITBS.<ref name=":0" /> The results demonstrated that during knee flexion, the iliotibial band does not actually slide over the femoral condy
...hough, that not every runner, cyclist, or individual undergoing repetitive knee flexion will go on to develop ITBS; suggesting that there are biomechanical
14 KB (2,085 words) - 11:22, 12 June 2021
...952b1f1e7842ea000000.pdf he use of the Oxford Hip and Knee Scores]. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2007; 89: 1010–4. </ref>.
...6_Supple_B):23-30. </ref>. These include [[Osteoarthritis|physiotherapy]], joint supplements, and [[NSAIDs|anti-inflammatory medications]].
11 KB (1,577 words) - 14:06, 11 January 2024
...the anatomy of the knee joint in detail and provide some examples of knee joint pathology.
...iction in range of motion during passive exercises due to tightness of the joint capsule."<ref>Lim W. Clinical Application and Limitations of the Capsular P
31 KB (4,601 words) - 11:28, 3 June 2023
...ack Pain|LBP]] may actually be suffering from disorders of the hip or knee joint. Examination of proximal and distal joints in the same region of the report
...teral hip rotation range of motion asymme- try in patients with sacroiliac joint regional pain. Spine. 1998;23:1009-1015.</ref><ref>Porter JL, Wilkinson A.
7 KB (1,039 words) - 06:10, 22 March 2018
...3572/ Is There an Association Between a History of Running and Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis? A Cross-Sectional Study From the Osteoarthritis Initiative.
...f Motion|range of motion]], crepitus with movement, joint effusion, and/or joint space deformity, and seek medical attention. <ref name=":0" />
27 KB (3,985 words) - 03:38, 3 September 2023
...ntent/56/9/521 May the force be with you: understanding how patellofemoral joint reaction force compares across different activities and physical interventi
...ofemoral joint.<ref name="p1">Medscape. Drugs and Diseases. Patellofemoral Joint Syndromes. Available at: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/90286-overvi
19 KB (2,822 words) - 12:14, 20 November 2023
...overuse injuries such as [[cyclist's palsy]], cyclist back, and [[Anterior Knee Pain]]. and this is often due to an incorrectly set up cycle. Bike fitting
...ing-perfect-saddle-height ( accessed 22.8.2019)</ref> This keeps your knee joint stable and protected.
7 KB (1,060 words) - 14:41, 31 May 2020
...Perret D. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2941578/ Posterior knee pain.] Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2010 Oct 1;3(1-4):3-10.
...rtery and popliteal vein), bursae, lymph nodes, and fat. The bursae of the knee are synovial-lined sacs that decrease the friction of moving structures. Pa
18 KB (2,693 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...xamination of the shoulder. Postsurgical Orthopedic Sports Rehabilitation: Knee & Shoulder. 2006:55.</ref> If both the sulcus sign and Feagin test are posi
2 KB (329 words) - 10:53, 9 January 2023
...iven to HMS, such as joint hypermobility syndrome and benign hypermobility joint syndrome. HMS is a dominant inherited connective tissue disorder described
...om localized joint hypermobility and other disorders that have generalized joint hypermobility, such as [[Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
15 KB (2,074 words) - 12:38, 3 April 2024
...ended for patients with muscular strains or referred pain from the back or knee.<ref name="Mohtadi et al 2012"/>
5 KB (733 words) - 01:40, 28 August 2019
Hypermobility; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Joint pain; Multidisciplinary management
...patient presenting with complaints of widespread joint pain, especially on knee, initially diagnosed as having "growing pains" by a pediatrician and then w
8 KB (1,113 words) - 00:06, 12 March 2018
...ne remodeling, osteophyte formation, joint inflammation and loss of normal joint function), that can culminate in illness.”<ref>Osteoarthritis Research So
...breakdown of the cartilage, as well as structural changes across the whole joint
18 KB (2,410 words) - 12:54, 13 May 2024
...unctions to deepen the acetabulum which increases the stability of the hip joint. The labrum is normally triangular in shape but may be be round, flat
...hip, the labrum also acts as a shock absorber and aids in lubricating the joint and provides for distribution of pressure.
6 KB (899 words) - 02:42, 14 July 2019
...complicated only by (R) knee arthritis, which occasionally caused his (R) knee to give way, and some (L) phantom limb pain. He is now a proficient prosthe
....
Was independently mobile with SPS. He had 2 recent falls due to his (R) knee "giving way" due to arthritis.
He decided to go to a low level nursing ho
6 KB (859 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...gth of the lever arm (distance from the line of action of the force to the joint center)<br>
...standing it is tension in the tissues of the posterior compartment of the knee which provide the balancing moment.
12 KB (2,037 words) - 16:55, 15 February 2021
...in any of these areas can reduce a person's independence<ref name=":1">SCI joint Contractures. Research and Training Center on Independent Living, Universit
...n of participants with tetraplegia who got at least one contracture in any joint was 83%.<ref name=":4">Diong J, Harvey LA, Kwah LK, Eyles J, Ling MJ, Ben M
12 KB (1,695 words) - 13:00, 7 April 2023
...fracture, bed rest was advised for six weeks, with no movement at the hip joint permitted. He did not receive any rehabilitation treatment during his stay
'''Location of pain:''' At the hip joint, knee and over the buttock areas
4 KB (596 words) - 10:46, 1 June 2022
...ues and clinical results of patellar tendon ruptures: Evidence today.] The Knee. 2015 Jun 1;22(3):148-55.</ref> The tear can be partial, with only some fib
...icle/abs/pii/S0736467902007199 Disruption of the extensor mechanism of the knee.] The Journal of emergency medicine. 2003 Feb 1;24(2):163-8.</ref> Systemi
10 KB (1,412 words) - 11:38, 5 January 2023
* Ankle Orthoses (AOs) and Knee Orthoses (KOs), for joint protection, pain reduction or support after [[Surgery and General Anaesthet
* Ankle-Foot Orthoses ([[Introduction to Ankle Foot Orthoses|AFOs]]) and Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses (KAFOs), to improve mobility, support rehabilitation an
10 KB (1,435 words) - 19:54, 5 January 2023
...nd validation of the international knee documentation committee subjective knee form. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2001; 29(5):600–613.</ref>
6 KB (892 words) - 08:43, 19 October 2023
...ft tissues that surround the joint, including muscles, ligaments, tendons, joint capsules, and skin. A lack of stretching, especially when combined with act
...d a moving arm. The examiner places the goniometer along the bone near the joint being measured to determine the range of motion.
13 KB (1,906 words) - 11:27, 20 April 2023
...ih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9450698/ Temporomandibular disorder and generalized joint hypermobility: application of diagnostic criteria]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol
...ture of its distribution. An alternative scale that offers a wider view of joint laxity (including the [[shoulder]], [[hip]], [[patella]], [[Ankle and Foot|
13 KB (1,855 words) - 15:02, 25 March 2024
...-back-skin-names.png|Hamstrings in situ. Note their relationship with the knee.|alt=|thumb]]
...xcessive knee flexion. During the gait cycle, this can result in a greater knee flexion moment at initial contact or heel strike.
18 KB (2,769 words) - 14:42, 24 October 2023
...name="p4">Suksathien R., A new static progressive splint for treatment of knee and elbow flexion contractures, 2010; 93 (7): 799-804 (C)</ref> In most cas
...MmasQiM|300}}<ref>OrthoMed Pain & Sports Medicine. Flexion Contracture KNEE. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqifMmasQiM [last accessed
19 KB (2,697 words) - 00:47, 9 December 2023
[[Image:Knee Anatomy Side View.png|thumb|right|250px|Knee - Side View]]
...Sancho F. Intraosseous hyperpressure of the patella as a cause of anterior knee pain. Medscape Orth Sports Med. 1999;3:1–8.</ref>
16 KB (2,291 words) - 15:34, 19 October 2023
...talus]] of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]]. See the page for [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]] for more information.
...omy|foot]] is the part of the lower limb distal to the [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]]. It is covered on its dorsal surface by loosely adherent skin and on its
12 KB (1,693 words) - 09:30, 1 June 2022
...ts as an arch-like triangular structure or truss. The calcaneus, midtarsal joint, and metatarsals (the medial longitudinal arch) formed the truss's arch. Th
*The patient’s knee is flexed to 90° while in a non-bearing position
5 KB (797 words) - 11:56, 13 September 2023
...e=":0">Paterno MV. Non-operative care of the patient with an ACL-deficient knee. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2017 Sep 1;10(3):322-7.</ref>
...Sports Med. 2011 Jun 1;45(7):596-606.</ref> despite successful outcome on knee impairment-based function scales. In 2021, Bortone et al.<ref>Bortone I, Mo
12 KB (1,790 words) - 10:29, 31 March 2024
...Nethander M, Movérare‐Skrtic S, Richette P, Ohlsson C. Causal factors for knee, hip, and hand osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study in the UK bi
....9.2022)</ref><ref name=":1">Lim WB, Al-Dadah O. Conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A review of the literature. World Journal of Orthopedics. 2
10 KB (1,413 words) - 07:46, 12 December 2023
...neal) nerve gives articular branches to the knee and superior tibiofibular joint. The lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf supplies the posterolateral side o
*The Genicular branches to the knee joint<br />
10 KB (1,509 words) - 06:14, 30 March 2022
...as 0 or 1. The questions 16 and 17 are rated as 0,1 and 2 depending on the joint displacement and overall performance respectively
*** A. Knee flexion angle at initial contact >30 degrees; 0 = yes, 1 = no
5 KB (744 words) - 23:16, 19 February 2020
...he junction of the lower leg and foot. The osseous components of the ankle joint include the distal [[tibia]], distal [[fibula]], and [[talus]].
The anatomic structures below the ankle joint comprise the foot, which includes:
18 KB (2,449 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
[[File:Shoulder bursa.jpg|357x357px|alt=|thumb|The shoulder joint has many ligaments]]
...tion|joint]] moves. While the ligament appears as a single structure, with joint movement, some fibres appear to tighten or loosen depending on the bone pos
9 KB (1,336 words) - 06:40, 9 September 2022
...practical%20guide%20to%20management.&f=false The multiple ligament injured knee: A practical guide to management.] New York: Springer Science, 2004.</ref>
The [[Knee|knee joint]] is made up of articulations of the [[Femur|distal femur]], [[Tibia|proxim
23 KB (3,193 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...ctional anatomy of the iliotibial band during flexion and extension of the knee: implications for understanding iliotibial band syndrome. Journal of Anatom
...over the greater trochanter of the hip, lateral femoral epicondyle of the knee and attaches to Gerdy's tubercle on the anterolateral aspect of the tibia.<
16 KB (2,448 words) - 05:24, 10 April 2024
...ency Care with Population Health. 2009;10(2).</ref>. The tightness of the joint capsule around the ankle and the strong connection of ligaments connecting
...om/doi/abs/10.1177/107110070102200715 Anterior dislocation of the subtalar joint: a case report.] Foot & Ankle International. 2001 Jul;22(7):609-11.</ref>
11 KB (1,631 words) - 12:10, 23 September 2022
...al ligament.<ref name=":4">Frobell R, Cooper R, Morris H, Arendt, H. Acute knee injuries. In: Brukner P, Bahr R, Blair S, Cook J, Crossley K, McConnell J,
...e patellar tendon, improving the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps in knee extension.<ref name="p1">Egmond DL, Schuitemaker R. De knieregio. In: Mink
17 KB (2,206 words) - 18:27, 9 January 2024
* flexibility (e.g. joint range of movement)
* [[Active Knee Extension Test|Active knee extension]]
5 KB (725 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...oximal portions of the foot. The ankle encompasses the [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]], an articulation between the [[tibia]] and [[fibula]] of the leg and the
The [[Foot Anatomy|foot]] is the part of the lower limb distal to the ankle joint. It is covered on its dorsal surface by loosely adherent skin. On its plant
17 KB (2,602 words) - 05:57, 30 January 2023
* Protection of a [[Joint Classification|joint]] or [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]
|Knee
6 KB (924 words) - 13:26, 17 August 2023
A syndesmosis is a complex fibrous [[Joint Classification|joint]] between two bones and connected by ligaments and a strong membrane<ref na
...nvex surface), with no articular capsule or synovial membrane as a fibrous joint, and attached by the interosseous ligament (IOL), the anterior-inferio
8 KB (1,096 words) - 00:46, 7 March 2021
...r body, it manifests in various scenarios, such as the interaction between joint surfaces, the contact between skin and supportive equipment, or the interfa
[[File:658px-Knee diagram.svg.png|thumb]]
17 KB (2,449 words) - 15:15, 7 May 2024
...pitfalls (for e.g. loading the prosthetic toe might unlock a specific knee joint). <ref name=":1" />
# Knee Joint
9 KB (1,342 words) - 13:25, 25 February 2022
...nt role in maintaining the strength and integrity of the [[Hip Anatomy|hip joint]]. Unilateral psoas contraction assists with lateral motion, while bilatera
Snapping hip or coxa saltans is a palpable or auditory snapping with hip joint movement<ref name=":3">Yen YM, Lewis CL, Kim YJ. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
8 KB (1,119 words) - 15:25, 12 February 2024
Patient is a 68 years old female retiree. She sustained a left below knee amputation as a result of non-healing left big toe ray wound with dry gangr
...n general, as well as hypersensitivity of stump and pulling pain with full knee extension of the stump.
8 KB (1,194 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...ely referrals are made when necessary. If there has been any trauma to the knee, it is necessary to make sure that all relevant investigations have been ca
...ansson disease. Its etiology and natural history.] The Journal of Bone and Joint surgery. American Volume. 1978 Dec 1;60(8):1113-6.</ref>
18 KB (2,542 words) - 02:24, 2 September 2022
[[File:Degeneration-of-the-acromioclavicular-joint.jpeg|thumb|Left '''AC joint degenerative''' changes.]]
...Romeo AA, Bach Jr BR. Degenerative joint disease of the acromioclavicular joint: a review. The American journal of sports medicine. 2013 Nov;41(11):2684-92
14 KB (1,881 words) - 03:26, 3 September 2023
*Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American)
*Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (British)
7 KB (838 words) - 14:30, 4 February 2016
...tillo A, Walden JG, Bosker G, Neptune RR. Compensatory mechanisms in below-knee amputee gait in response to increasing steady-state walking speeds. Gait &
...Yoder AJ, Silder AB, Farrokhi S, Dearth CL, Hendershot BD. Lower extremity joint contributions to trunk control during walking in persons with transtibial a
14 KB (1,958 words) - 17:52, 7 May 2024
...& Bartlett Learning; 2019 Mar 8.</ref></blockquote>When discussing [[hip]] joint [[biomechanics]], one must consider how the [[Bone|bones]], [[Ligament|liga
...ttps://www.hindawi.com/journals/aorth/2019/5804642/ A dynamic model of hip joint biomechanics: The contribution of soft tissues]. Advances in Orthopedics. 2
14 KB (2,063 words) - 22:36, 29 October 2022
...le of the tibia and passes over the medial collateral ligament of the knee-joint, from which it is separated by a bursa, and is inserted into the upper part
2. Flexion of the leg at the knee
9 KB (1,318 words) - 15:18, 26 April 2023
...ogy/injury mechanisms underlying a clinical condition that affects muscle, joint and/or bone. We will ask you to present your findings in oral and written
* Levangie PK, Norkin CC. Joint Structure and Function. 5<sup>th</sup>Ed, FA Davis, 2011.
9 KB (1,198 words) - 12:40, 27 October 2022
#[[Prepatellar Bursitis]] - housemaid's knee
#Infrapatellar bursitis - clergyman's knee
8 KB (1,067 words) - 14:45, 5 October 2023
Test/Retest Reliability in Hip and Knee OA
...‐based measures in people awaiting joint replacement surgery of the hip or knee. Physiotherapy Research International]. 2008 Sep;13(3):141-52.</ref>
10 KB (1,396 words) - 04:15, 27 November 2023
...flossing involve applying an external pressure above or below a muscle or joint of the extremities, typically by using a circumferential, elastic band. The
...can be applied to any appendage to have affect on a painful area or stiff joint. Such as the ankle:{{#ev:youtube|L6ygP7rWwb4}}<ref>Rock Tape Go stronger go
5 KB (719 words) - 23:34, 23 January 2023
...seful, the stress through the anterior knee joint constantly flexed during joint loading when in stance could be a reason for his pain. As I wanted to see
3 KB (491 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...<ref name="Osman">Osman MK, Irwin GJ, Huntley JS.Swelling around a child's knee. Clin Anat. 2011 Oct;24(7):914-7.</ref>.
...n also occur in the [[Shoulder Bursitis|shoulder]], [[Prepatellar Bursitis|knee]], [[Iliopsoas Bursitis|hip]], [[Olecranon Bursitis|elbow]] and big toe. <b
15 KB (2,116 words) - 15:34, 19 October 2023
superficial knee pain, shin pains, Achilles tendonitis, iliotibial (IT) band pain, plantar f
Other bio mechanical factors include: angles of the shin bones, knee, hip, and leg length diffentials, structural, and functional.
4 KB (552 words) - 17:32, 7 December 2021
The prone knee bending test is a neural tension test used to stress the femoral nerve and
...t includes prone-lying hip extension, abduction and external rotation with knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and eversion<ref name=":0" />.
11 KB (1,605 words) - 12:04, 17 January 2022
[[Amputations|below knee amputation]], phantom pain,, weakness,
prosthesis, high level rehabilita
*Slightly widen based stance, decrease heel strike bilat, excess right knee flexion, Longer stance time on the right leg, left hip hike, slightly decre
6 KB (842 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...tuberosity when your leg is straight and your thigh is extended. When your knee is bent and your thigh is flexed, the gluteus maximus moves and leaves the
* ischiofemoral ligament which forms the capsular reinforcement of hip joint<ref name=":1" />.
5 KB (697 words) - 05:45, 6 November 2021
Total Hip Joint replacement [[Total Hip Replacement|(THR)]] is a mostly successful procedur
...www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/8987104/abs/ “Revision Surgery in Total Joint Replacement Is Cost-Intensive,”] BioMed Research International, vol. 201
6 KB (796 words) - 13:53, 11 January 2024
[[File:Grays339.JPEG|267x267px|thumb|'''The Hip Joint''']]
...thereby providing tremendous stability to the joint. Functionally, the hip joint enjoys a very high range of motion.
12 KB (1,726 words) - 15:00, 15 December 2022
...RDL) is a deadlift in which the body is bent at the [[Hip|hips]] and the [[Knee|knees]] are not bent<ref>Your dictionary Romanian Deadlift Available:https:
...ntaining knee flexion of approximately 15 degrees. When ascending, hip and knee extension should occur simultaneously while maintaining some shoulder retra
7 KB (1,003 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...l amputation. POP was applied to his left hand & MRI done on his right knee showing PCL tear, grade 3 lateral meniscus tear, grade 2 MCL & LCL tear
...shoulder while valgus stress test, McMurray's test and Apley's test right knee. Posture of left hip is in flexion
8 KB (1,186 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...ten resulting in a fracture of the clavicle before a dislocation of the SC joint.<ref>ALLMAN JR FL. Fractures and ligamentous injuries of the clavicle and i
[[Image:SC Joint.jpg|center|750px]]
14 KB (1,878 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
...e major [[Hip Flexors|hip flexor muscles]], as well as [[Quadriceps Muscle|knee extension]] muscles.
...joint and allows for [[Proprioception|proprioceptive]] feedback about the joint.
11 KB (1,600 words) - 23:53, 22 December 2023
...[[arthritis]], [[Meniscal Lesions|meniscus]] or [[cartilage]] injuries, [[knee]] instability, as well as impaired [[Quality of Life|quality of life]] and
...ent algorithm for the management of the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knee]. The American journal of sports medicine. 2005 Mar;33(3):335-46.</ref>
11 KB (1,458 words) - 13:27, 22 December 2022
.... The patellotrochlear index: a new index for assessing patellar height. ''Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.'' 2006;14(8):707-712.</ref><br>
...name=":0">Human kinetics Publisher. Clinical anatomy of the patellofemoral joint. International sports medicine journal. 2001. Level of evidence D</ref> ==
17 KB (2,521 words) - 17:24, 21 September 2020
...t is a relatively unusual condition in non-athletes without a history of [[Knee]] traumas.<br><br>
...on in evaluation of an anatomic reconstruction: “the fifth ligament of the knee”, Am J Sports Med., 2010;38:543</ref><br>
17 KB (2,492 words) - 11:23, 18 April 2021
* Can be performed on below-knee or above-knee amputation.
...scles to opposing muscles <ref>Burgess EM, Zettl JH. Amputations below the knee. Artif Limbs. 1969 Jan 1;13(1):1-2. Available at http://www.oandplibrary.or
20 KB (2,910 words) - 16:18, 21 July 2023
Tibial plateau fractures are complex injuries of the knee. The tibial plateau is one of the most critical load-bearing areas in the h
...r as a result of varus forces combined with axial loading in a hyperflexed knee. Type IV fractures have the worst prognosis.<ref name="two" />
16 KB (2,245 words) - 17:17, 28 November 2019
...s cross both the knee and the hip. Conversely, there is only a single one-joint muscle, known as the Iliopsoas, which only crosses at the hip.
...e to put the 2 joint muscles on active insufficiency, which isolates the 1 joint muscle being tested. <ref name=":0" />
7 KB (1,094 words) - 20:18, 7 April 2024
...ondromas of the distal aspect of the tibia or fibula.] Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2000;82:1269.</ref> These tumors may present with a stalk-like stru
...s and blood vessels. For example, a tumor on the posterior aspect of the [[knee]] may result in numbness and tingling, periodic changes in blood flow, loss
11 KB (1,541 words) - 17:33, 27 January 2019
...also be deviations in foot and [[Ankle Joint|ankle]] kinematics, kinetics, knee and hip flexion, [[gait]], posture, and [[balance]]. Increased lumbar lordo
== Muscle Activation and Joint Loading during Gait ==
28 KB (4,432 words) - 13:04, 30 April 2023
...MO-related patellofemoral pain.<ref name=":2">Robertson, C. Patellofemoral Joint Programme. Effective Quadriceps Training in Patellofemoral Pain. Plus. 2022
== Patellofemoral Joint Biomechanics ==
23 KB (3,395 words) - 05:35, 28 January 2023
...tion. The examiner stabilizes the hip and applies downward pressure to the knee to internally rotate and adduct the hip,<ref name="Kirschner">Kirschner JS,
The FAIR test can be performed with the patient supine or seated, knee and hip flexed, and hip medially rotated, while the patient resists examine
7 KB (1,038 words) - 20:14, 31 January 2021
...9 Movement-pattern training to improve function in people with chronic hip joint pain: a feasibility randomized clinical tria]l. journal of orthopaedic & sp
* Can continue status post-[[Total Hip Replacement|total joint arthroplasty]]
17 KB (2,490 words) - 04:54, 30 January 2023
...e it promotes neuromuscular development and maintenance by achieving multi-joint and polyaxial targets of the human body <ref name=":0" />, involves extreme
...he latissimus dorsii, force the grip to neutral, flex up the right hip and knee close to the right gluteal muscle, extend the left arm out to 45 degrees, l
5 KB (757 words) - 12:16, 29 August 2023
* after fractures and joint replacements eg [[Total Knee Arthroplasty|TKR]]
=== M'''uscle Interactions and Joint Dynamics in Limb Movement''' ===
13 KB (1,736 words) - 12:20, 15 February 2024
...cedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X05000214 Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests]. Ma
...aslett 2006">Laslett M. Pain provocation tests for diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain. The Australian journal of physiotherapy. 2006;52(3):229.</ref> Diagno
12 KB (1,729 words) - 09:29, 31 December 2021
...psychological characteristics and physical activity levels in people with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional analysis.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders.
...the knee. This in turn creates greater load on the lateral patellofemoral joint (PFJ).<ref>Lee TQ, Anzel SH, Bennett KA, Pang D, Kim WC. The influence of f
13 KB (1,969 words) - 11:16, 23 October 2023
...questionnaires in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2019 Jul;101(7):832-7.</ref>.
7 KB (1,018 words) - 16:40, 27 June 2023
Ms. X came into the outpatient department limping because of bilateral knee pain. She exhibited signs of psychological distress about her heath conditi
...the household chores she performed. However, since she was suffering from knee pain and her walking pace was slow, she could not be considered in the acti
11 KB (1,735 words) - 19:14, 21 November 2019
* '''Articular branches''' arise proximally to supply the hip joint through its posterior capsule, which sometimes may arises from sacral plexu
*Eversion of the ankle, contraction of buttock and knee flexion (S1)
13 KB (1,905 words) - 03:53, 30 January 2024
...Howell, D, Gait Deviation Associated with Pain Syndromes in the Pelvis and Knee. Gait Analysis. Plus. 2022</ref>
...normality in the gait cycle that can effect the trunk, hip, knee, or ankle joint. Gait deviations can stem from increased age and / or certain pathologies.
18 KB (2,549 words) - 03:11, 30 October 2023
...re performed twice a day with the knee extended and then repeated with the knee flexed:
* 3 x 15 repetitions twice per day with extended knee
7 KB (1,038 words) - 10:48, 3 December 2022
*Knee Pads
*Loading and unloading exercises can be done for joint compression and joint distraction<ref>Emara HA, El-Gohary TM, Al-Johany AA. [https://europepmc.or
5 KB (640 words) - 12:32, 14 October 2021
The hip joint is a multiaxial ball-and-socket joint formed by the femoral head and the acetabulum of the pelvis. It is involved
The hip joint is surrounded by a fibrocartilaginous structure called the labrum, which ra
5 KB (725 words) - 05:18, 3 July 2023
...ed directly through the hip joint, a HP includes removal of the entire hip joint along with a section of the pelvis on the same side<ref name=":2">Yari P, D
...sinmotion. Hip Disarticulation Amputee Excels with the Otto Bock Helix Hip Joint. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U77D-J46cnU [last accessed
26 KB (3,856 words) - 18:21, 11 August 2022
...all on the [[patella]], an acute trauma, repeated blows or friction on the knee may cause prepatellar bursitis. Other causes include infections or low-grad
...allows the knee extension and moves the patella upwards. Bursae around the knee can be divided into two groups- those around the patella (suprapatellar bur
18 KB (2,683 words) - 15:34, 19 October 2023
==== Knee Girth ====
Measurement is taken around the [[knee]] at level of patella for joint swelling and 5cm above and below the border of patella for [[muscle]] wasti
8 KB (1,215 words) - 14:54, 10 January 2022
...most common swimming injury regions are the shoulder, neck, lower back and knee.
...ased external rotation is an adjustment to the demands on the glenohumeral joint allowing anterior laxity and greater demand on the rotator cuff and the lon
16 KB (2,203 words) - 13:54, 15 June 2023
Typical joint patterns in infants are as follows:
* Knee: flexion, genu varum, medial rotation of tibia
9 KB (1,231 words) - 14:54, 14 January 2024
...d further to a trans-femoral amputation due to a sepsis on a prosthesis of knee. His wishes were to be able to re-walk with crutches inside his apartment,
...ose he was operated on again twice, in 2003 and 2007. In the year 2014 his knee began to ache, Mr. D delayed before consulting his doctor.
8 KB (1,367 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
* Continual joint problems<ref name=":0" />
|[[Anterior Knee Pain|Patellafemoral pain]]/ Knee OA
7 KB (908 words) - 14:39, 31 May 2020
[[Prosthetic rehabilitation|Prosthetic Rehabilitation]] in Below Knee [[Amputations|Amputation]]
...e presentation describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a diabetic below knee amputee. It entails client's characteristics, medical diagnosis, examinatio
7 KB (1,073 words) - 18:52, 11 April 2020
...Goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref><ref name=":4">Reese NB, Bandy WD. Joint Range of Motion and Muscle Length Testing-E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences;
Muscles connect to bones or joint capsules by connective tissue structures, such as [[Tendon Anatomy|tendons]
22 KB (3,387 words) - 00:01, 4 December 2023
[[File:Knee-OA1.png|right|frameless]]
Knee [[osteoarthritis]] (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is typically the result of wear and tear and progressive loss of a
28 KB (4,072 words) - 11:06, 16 November 2023
...mation of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad (IFP) is a common source of [[Anterior Knee Pain]]; also called Hoffa's disease, fat pad syndrome or hoffitis. Fat pad
...oss the patellofemoral joint, facilitates flexible deformation in the knee joint and supports patellar stability.<ref>Kitagawa T, Ozaki N, Aoki Y. [https://
19 KB (2,755 words) - 16:06, 15 December 2022
...io-pedia.com/Ankle_Sprain sprains] and 'giving-way' sensation at the ankle joint, a condition clinical referred to as Functional Ankle Instability (FAI).&nb
...nt as a whole has a dual function of providing stability to the talotibial joint as well as transferring forces between the tibia and tarsus. It fixates the
8 KB (1,224 words) - 10:30, 21 June 2021
...ints. It is mainly used by individuals who have a limited ROM due to facet joint dysfunction in the neck and back, and for broader areas such as shoulder pa
...n an RCT performed by Moore et al. There were improvements of glenohumeral joint range of motion in horizontal adduction and internal rotation <ref>Moore SD
12 KB (1,802 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
...mechanism.<ref name=":1">Frobell R., Cooper R., Morris H., Arendt H. Acute knee injuries. In: Brukner P., Bahr R., Blair S., Cook J., Crossley K., McConnel
...with the aim to increase the moment arm of the quadriceps muscle and thus, knee extensive capacity. <ref name=":14" />
17 KB (2,331 words) - 00:06, 11 January 2023
Trauma, below knee amputation, phantom limb pain, fracture, low resourced setting, fracture
...nd ankle joint.
Absent of sensation to deep and light touch from the knee joint down to the foot
6 KB (973 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...ading through affected joints15 . Braces or simple bandages applied to the knee can relieve pain and increase the sense of security walking
...f the most beneficial interventions that we have for established OA of the knee joints9 , and similar benefits probably accrue to people with hip disease.
10 KB (1,348 words) - 20:04, 21 October 2022
..., Arthritis describes a set of symptoms that includes pain, stiffness, and joint deformities after an inflammatory process. The destructive process can occu
...45/ Acute monoarthritis: what is the cause of my patient's painful swollen joint?] CMAJ. 2009 Jan 6;180(1):59-65. </ref>
13 KB (1,837 words) - 11:53, 23 October 2023
[[File:Septic arthritis of left hip joint with melioidosis.jpg|right|frameless]]
...mmation, cytokines and proteases are released, thus resulting in potential joint destruction. <ref name="p3">Goodman CC, Snyder TEK. Differential diagnosis
21 KB (2,887 words) - 21:50, 23 August 2023
...cle weakness, fatigue, weight loss, decreased appetite, hyperpigmentation, joint pain, and depression.<ref name="Mayo" /><ref name="Medline" /><ref name="WE
...Hip Add: 4+/5<br>Hip IR: 4/5<br>Hip ER: 4-/5<br>Knee Flex: 4+/5 painful<br>Knee Ext: 4+/5 painful<br>All other MMT WNL
12 KB (1,934 words) - 07:38, 28 September 2019
...632007cd4acfeb809e09f90f7e09a2ce0.pdf Effects of step rate manipulation on joint mechanics during running]. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(2):296–302.</ref
...ac spines, anterior superior iliac spine, greater trochanter, lateral knee joint line, lateral malleolus, the midpoint of the calf, superior and inferior po
15 KB (2,295 words) - 10:10, 15 December 2023
...ary osteoarthritis and secondary osteoarthritis. OA usuallly presents with joint pain and loss of function; however, the disease is clinically very variable
[[File:Knee-OA1.png|thumb|463x463px|Knee OA]]
21 KB (2,997 words) - 16:29, 9 May 2024
Its most basic function is to adduct and medially rotate the thigh at hip joint. Its functional roles are listed below.
...[[Gluteal Muscles|gluteals]] and also due to proximity to the pelvis, hip joint and [[sacrum]]<ref>Kujala UM, Taimela S, Antti-Poika I, Orava S, Tuominen R
12 KB (1,751 words) - 19:59, 7 January 2024
...e foot.<ref name=":3">Schneider T. Splay Foot. Available from: https://www.joint-surgeon.com/orthopedic-service/foot-and-ankle-surgeon/splay-feet.html (Acce
...ot leads to excessive dorsiflexion of the [[Lisfranc Injuries|Lisfranc]]’s joint. Subsequently, the [[talus]] is pressed downwards, and the metatarsals expe
9 KB (1,325 words) - 21:03, 27 January 2022
...Knee braces can be used to offload the joint in acutely painful arthritis]]Joint protection is a self-management approach that aims to maintain functio
...://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1191/026921599667005364 The effect of a joint protection education programme for people with rheumatoid arthritis.] Clini
11 KB (1,653 words) - 12:35, 29 October 2020
...pain, swelling, stiffness, deformity and unsteadiness at the level of the joint<ref>Rheumatoid arthritis. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskelet
...further stiffness in the joint and thus leads to more pain and decrease in joint range of motion.<ref>Mitchell A. Arthritis and winter: Whether the weather
13 KB (1,880 words) - 20:36, 7 January 2023
...ntle stretch, collagen of the achilles tendon is more restrictive than the joint capsule and ligaments and does not respond to stretching as predictably. <r
...ng the foot grips the leg below the knee and the midfoot, with the child’s knee in extension. A generous antiseptic prep of the heel and ankle is applied,
11 KB (1,625 words) - 12:27, 15 February 2022
...e damage may heal without complications. However, wounds below the hock or knee, which have associated tissue damage below the skin, or that occur near joi
* Horses who have clear yellow fluid coming out of joint wounds
10 KB (1,493 words) - 10:00, 18 August 2022
...ually distinguished from disarticulation where a part is removed through a joint<ref name=":0">Shores JT, M.D. [https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treat
'''Shoulder disarticulation-''' Removal through shoulder joint. Disarticulation is generally not so popular in the upper limb except at sh
19 KB (2,497 words) - 06:54, 27 July 2023
* flexion and extension of the knee
* moving the heel to the patella, the middle of the tibia, and to the ankle joint of the contralateral leg
5 KB (659 words) - 20:09, 29 June 2023
...hurchill Livingstone.</ref> and a further modification in position of each joint is done as "sensitiser". The ULTT's are equivalent to the straight leg rais
...ng is shoulder followed by forearm, wrist, fingers, and lastly elbow. Each joint positioning component is added until the pain is provoked or symptoms are r
13 KB (1,862 words) - 19:12, 8 March 2024
...Posterior|tibialis posterior muscle]], superior and inferior tibiofibular joint, [[tibia]]<nowiki/>and the interosseous membrane of leg.<ref name=":4" />
* Articular branches are to the [[knee]] (3 in total) and [[Ankle Joint|ankle joint]].
11 KB (1,629 words) - 09:58, 14 January 2024
* '''True equinus''': the hip and knee are extended. Sometimes there is knee recurvatum, with an equinus foot (i.e. plantarflexed position).
...gait''': there is an anterior pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis, the hip and knee are flexed with an equinus foot.
19 KB (2,853 words) - 12:26, 1 November 2022
...arthroscopic and physical findings in posterolateral rotatory instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc (2010) 18:123–129</ref>
...n G. Acute and chronic management of posterolateral corner injuries of the knee [corrected] [published erratum appears in ORTHOPEDICS 2008 Jul;31(7):725].
20 KB (2,939 words) - 14:03, 2 January 2021
...>. Degeneration causes vertebral osteophytes, [[Facet Joint Syndrome|facet joint osteoarthritis]] (FJ OA), and [[Intervertebral disc|disc]] space narrowing.
...A is [[Age Related Changes in the Cervical Spine|age]]. As we age, healthy joint [[cartilage]] (chondrocytes) and [[Extracellular Matrix|extracellular matri
10 KB (1,357 words) - 03:28, 3 September 2023
.... Clinical evaluation of a dynamic test for lateral ankle ligament laxity. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010 May;18(5):628-33. </ref>.<br>
The patient is supine, side lying, or seated comfortable with the knee bent 90 degrees and gastrocnemius relaxed. The heel is held from below by o
3 KB (395 words) - 15:10, 27 February 2021
...istoph Rangger, Anton Kathrein, Martin C Freund, et al. Bone Bruise of the Knee. Acta Orthop Scand 1998; 69(3) : 291-294....
|Lesion occurs beneath the cartilage layer of a joint.
7 KB (927 words) - 12:55, 3 August 2020
...bi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545158/ Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Ankle Joint.] 2020 Aug 16. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls
...Clinical evaluation of a dynamic test for lateral ankle ligament laxity.] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010 May;18(5):628-33. </ref>.<br><br>
13 KB (1,956 words) - 19:41, 9 October 2020
...and [[Osteogenesis Imperfecta]].<ref name=":0">Neki NS, Chhabra A. Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome. Journal of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Scie
...an Syndrome, it can affect heart function.<ref name=":5">Prowse, T. Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome Course. Plus. 2020. </ref>
20 KB (2,862 words) - 11:48, 18 August 2022
...mechanical low back or buttock pain may have pain secondary to sacroiliac joint dysfunction. The Cluster of Laslett has been shown to have a reported sensi
[[Image:Sacroiliac joint.png|right|300px]]
18 KB (2,633 words) - 17:10, 2 February 2024
Established Below Knee Amputee Patient: Amputee Case Study
An elderly patient with an established below knee amputation on the right was transferred to our Older Person's and Rehabilit
11 KB (1,654 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
Many joint sessions were completed with both the Psychologist, Prosthetist and her hus
...ocket with TES belt, with a free knee. She was very anxious about the free knee initially so lots of time was spent working on weight transfer, gait and mo
8 KB (1,323 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...Avoid secondary complications like “venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, joint contractures, pressure ulcers, disuse atrophy, osteopenia, and deconditioni
...putations increases almost threefold, and double that of a bilateral below knee amputee, resulting in increased demand on the cardiac system during walking
6 KB (904 words) - 07:55, 13 August 2019
...the inspection of the knee is pain of distal femur that is made worse with knee movement and inability to weight-bear.
...ratures, one part of the articular surface is involved and the rest of the joint is still attached to the metaphysis and diaphysis
11 KB (1,469 words) - 08:40, 11 December 2022
.../ref> <ref>Lan Chen et al. Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: current treatment concepts, Current reviews in musculoskeletal Medicine, S
[[File:Knee-joint.jpg|right|frameless]]
31 KB (4,876 words) - 06:25, 30 November 2020
[[Image:Knee ligaments.png|right|350px]]
...ction is the surgical treatment of choice to restore stability at the knee joint.
25 KB (3,651 words) - 13:39, 15 February 2022
...nto contact with the floor. The hip is flexed approximately to 30 degrees, knee extended between 0-5 degrees and ankle dorsiflexed to a neutral position, g
...els the body forwards and over the foot, using the heel as a ‘rocker’. The knee then flexes to allow shock absorption. The aim of this phase is shock absor
16 KB (2,536 words) - 07:36, 20 November 2022
...MD - editor. 2nd edition. Essentials of Muscluloskeletal Care. Section 6, Knee and Lower leg - popliteal cyst: 2001:397-398 </ref>
...ert, J. C., Bianchi, S., Verdonk, R., & Wirth, C. J. The popliteal cyst. ''Knee'' Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2006'';'' ''14''(7): 623-628.
22 KB (3,375 words) - 14:56, 2 May 2022
...re on painful areas and attempts to minimize the recruitment of muscle and joint groups that may be affected by the above processes.
...rompt diagnosis with emergent orthopedic consultation and/or admission for joint aspiration, intravenous antibiotics, and possible surgery.
7 KB (936 words) - 19:08, 18 November 2023
...r reliability of the MAS. Muscles tested: elbow flexors and extensors, and knee flexors. Measurements taken bilaterally. Ns = 34 [hemiplegia] Na = 4 [physi
...ρ varied from 0.56 and 0.90 at the elbow and between 0.26 and 0.62 at the knee
7 KB (984 words) - 11:43, 13 April 2021
...kes]], [[Spinal Cord Injury|spinal cord injuries (SCI)]], [[amputations]], joint replacements, and [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain inju
...lacement|rep]]<nowiki/>[[Total Hip Replacement|lacement of hips]], [[Total Knee Arthroplasty|knees]], elbow, and [[Total Shoulder Arthroplasty|shoulder]].
15 KB (1,985 words) - 02:02, 9 March 2023
...But if a plica has been diagnosed beyond any doubt as being the source of knee pain, it can be treated correctly.<ref name=":0" />
See [[Knee]] for a detailed anatomy
30 KB (4,521 words) - 12:08, 20 November 2023
** Large and only weight bearing component of crus (stifle/ knee)
** Synchondrosis (synovial joint – sacropelvic surface of illium)
11 KB (1,561 words) - 07:15, 19 December 2021
*AROM Bilateral UE: WFL, RLE WFL, LLE: WFL except knee extension: -10°
*L LE strength: knee extensors: 5/5, knee flexors: 5/5, hip extensors: 5/5, hip flexors 5/5, hip abductors 5/5, hip a
8 KB (1,205 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...e pain and reduced muscle function/muscle atrophy (muscles surrounding the joint are typically inhibited by intraarticular swelling)
'''''ROM/Joint mobilization'''''
11 KB (1,557 words) - 16:37, 12 February 2024
...i, D. and Lucarvic, J. (2012) Rehabilitation Manual for persons with above knee amputations. pages 40-60.</ref>
...cked up on the necessary pelvic and trunk movements to control the hip and knee quite easily. Keeping up with her and managing to challenge her was fun. A
8 KB (1,320 words) - 18:52, 11 April 2020
* [[Osteoarthritis]] of facet joint
* Direct trauma to the facet joint, such as a car accident or fall.
13 KB (1,863 words) - 17:10, 19 May 2022
...se may result in subchondral collapse which threatens the viability of the joint involved. Non-traumatic cases will typically present with mechanical pain o
...ost common in the [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], but also seen in the [[humerus]], [[knee]], and talus and more rarely seen in the smaller bones of the [[Wrist and H
17 KB (2,633 words) - 13:27, 15 December 2022
...joint at the base of the second toe (the second metatarsophalangeal or MTP joint) further forward. It is a type of brachymetatarsia.<ref name="brage">Schimi
* [[Ankle Joint|Ankle]] Pain - Weak Ankles
13 KB (1,923 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
...h an artificial joint- a prosthesis. It aims to create a stable, pain-free joint with a functional range of movement when conservative treatments have faile
...ment of the hand and articulates proximally with the forearm via the wrist joint and distally with the five metacarpals. The ends of the bones are covered w
9 KB (1,374 words) - 13:44, 11 January 2024
...l TJ, Li G. Function of posterior cruciate ligament bundles during in vivo knee flexion. Am J Sports Med. 2007 Sep;35(9):1507-12. doi: 10.1177/036354650730
...physical therapy. 2018 Aug;13(4):737.</ref> but they can also occur during knee hyperextension<ref name=":0" />. These injuries typically occur during mot
15 KB (2,167 words) - 15:02, 17 April 2023
...with weakness in the knee extensors and this alters the kinematics of the knee<ref name=":0">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096663622
...ullary nailing of the tibia usually have complaints about chronic anterior knee pain or functional impairments<ref>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1854511
9 KB (1,292 words) - 13:11, 11 April 2023
*[[Figure of Eight Method of Measuring Ankle Joint Swelling]]
*[[Knee OA: CPR for Hip Mobs]]
3 KB (399 words) - 19:01, 8 March 2024
...t slow, medium, and fast velocities, inform the position of the anatomical joint in any potential orthotic intervention. It further assists in identifying i
.... The muscle's reaction to stretch (X) is rated on a 6-point scale and the joint angle (Y) recorded at the point where the muscle reaction is first felt (Bo
23 KB (3,348 words) - 10:17, 2 November 2023
...normality in the gait cycle that can affect the trunk, hip, knee, or ankle joint. Gait deviations can stem from increased age and/or certain pathologies. Th
...ll. They can cause varying compensations at the trunk, hip, knee, or ankle joint, and can be musculoskeletal or neurological in nature.<ref name=":3" />
15 KB (2,153 words) - 17:56, 7 April 2024
<blockquote>"Patellofemoral pain is a frequent knee condition, characterized by retropatellar or peripatellar pain. This condit
...rther complicated by their rapid musculoskeletal growth and the changes in knee morphology. Research is pointing to an association between adolescent patel
22 KB (3,082 words) - 17:43, 2 October 2022
...p is patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), anterior knee pain, or ‘runner’s knee’, all terms used interchangeably. PFPS is a very common injury, with a hi
.... New Delhi : Wolters Kluwer, 2015 </ref> Crepitus may also be felt at the joint, in addition to tenderness on palpation of the small facets, and some effus
31 KB (4,441 words) - 06:42, 11 July 2022
...tramuscular injections that may cause serious functional limitation of hip joint movements<ref>Reilly AL, Owori FR, Obaikol R, Asige E, Aluka H, Penny N, Ol
...he abduction contracture is less than 15° with 90° flexion of both hip and knee joints or adduction range is less than 20° with no flexion. Ober's sign an
12 KB (1,817 words) - 00:54, 1 January 2023
...ely the [[Ankle Joint|talocrural joint]] and the [[Subtalar Joint|subtalar joint]]. In both joints, osteoarthritis can be diagnosed in the medial and latera
...ediators. There is relatively good containment and conformity of the ankle joint, the talus is firmly bound on three sides by the [[fibula]], [[Tibia|tibial
26 KB (3,724 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
..., patient has type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) (diet-controlled), left total knee replacement (TKR), chronic cardiac failure (stage 1), atrial fibrillation,
...ernal rotation was 20; all with stiff end feel. Range of movement of right knee extension was 5 with elastic end feel. Otherwise, all range of movement for
9 KB (1,353 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...urnal of Athletic Training, 37''(1),71-79.</ref> (Clinically measured as a joint matching task).
...07;29:467–482.</ref> Sense of movement refers to the ability to appreciate joint movement, including the duration, direction, amplitude, speed, acceleration
19 KB (2,656 words) - 14:00, 18 August 2023
...as driving an evening. During the crash, she has been amputated under left knee. The right leg was broken and required a surgery with an external fixator a
...ction impairments:<br>Knee and hip joint of the amputee leg are normal.<br>Knee flexion of the broken leg is limited to 90°<br>Muscle Strength is also pre
9 KB (1,445 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...thritis Index (WOMAC]]) and [[Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score|Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)]] <ref name="Nilsdotter et a
...ctive hip problem, contralateral hip disease, and active [[knee]], [[Ankle Joint|ankle]], or [[Foot Anatomy|foot]] problems<ref>Yu RW, McLean JM, Bahl JS, S
9 KB (1,330 words) - 14:50, 19 January 2024
...op''', (2) '''forward lean of the trunk at mid-stance''', (3) '''increased knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion at initial contact''' (an increased angle
# Second subgroup: (1) '''decreased knee flexion''', (2) '''decreased step or stride length''', (3) '''increased cad
17 KB (2,307 words) - 18:38, 28 January 2023
...joint are part of this structure: [[File: Shutterstock Image - Talocrural Joint - ID 89870980.jpeg|thumb|Ankle bones|alt=|250x250px]]
...al plane dorsiflexion and plantarflexion are the primary movements in this joint.
20 KB (2,870 words) - 09:19, 23 November 2022
...(21)00065-X Consensus guidelines for managing patellofemoral instability]. Knee. 2021;29:305-12. </ref><ref name=":0">Vellios EE, Trivellas M, Arshi A, Bec
...he trochlear groove and keep it engaged within the trochlear groove as the knee flexes and extends.” <ref name=":1">Post WR, Fithian DC. [https://journal
18 KB (2,612 words) - 14:41, 24 October 2023
...gait stages]] by providing foot clearance, used to limit or assist [[Ankle Joint|ankle]] and [[Foot Anatomy|foot]] [[Range of Motion|ROM]] like; dorsiflexio
* They are used to provide maximum medial/ lateral joint stability and are better for short-term use.
8 KB (1,277 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
|Knee extensors
|Flexors/extensors of atlanto-occipital joint
7 KB (1,143 words) - 06:51, 3 March 2019
[[File:Sacroiliac joint.png|right|frameless]]
The Sacroiliac joint (commonly referred to as SIJ) is the joint connection between the spine and the pelvis.
18 KB (2,588 words) - 11:41, 22 January 2022
...orrection of neglected idiopathic club foot by the Ponseti method]. Bone & Joint Journal. 2007 Mar 1;89(3):378-81.</ref>. Experts agree that the best appro
#* Joint Loading
9 KB (1,388 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
The ankle joint is a hinged [[Synovial Joints|synovial joint]] that is formed by the articulation of the [[Talar tilt|talus]], [[tibia]]
...bony prominence on the lower fibula) forms the lateral border of the ankle joint
22 KB (2,881 words) - 21:34, 19 November 2023
! rowspan="2" |'''Joint'''
! rowspan="2" |'''Joint'''
9 KB (1,143 words) - 02:32, 29 April 2022
[[Image:1st mtp gout.jpg|thumb|Gout: slight redness in the MTP joint of the big toe]]
...l joint. Often occurs during sleep, and may go on to involve more than one joint, becoming an oligoarthropathy or rarely, a polyarthropathy.
11 KB (1,621 words) - 14:52, 9 November 2022
...een at a Paediatric Rehabilitation Hospital in Canada for fitting of below-knee prostheses. R. presents with impaired gait and stair climbing patterns, gro
...onal Paediatric Rehabilitation Hospital for casting of his bilateral below-knee prostheses four weeks later. R. subsequently returned to the Prosthetics De
9 KB (1,377 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
* Hinge-knee brace: Often used to protect knee surgery, such as meniscal repair<ref>McDermott, Ian (2010) Meniscal Repair
...s in peripheral nerves. It is often used to reduced impact of foot drop or knee hyperextension as a result of muscle weakness. There is also some evidence
8 KB (1,219 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...ov/22547246/ ESWT for tendinopathy: Technology and clinical implications.] Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013; 21:1451-1458</ref>
...es on rabbit tendo Achillis. A sonographic and histological study.] J Bone Joint Surg Br 1998; 80: 546-552.</ref>, and amplify growth factor and protein syn
10 KB (1,402 words) - 18:22, 9 January 2024
...-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head: ten years later. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006;88:1117-1132</ref>.
...ungerford DS. Non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995; 77:459-474</ref>. It is also important to track any risk fac
8 KB (1,201 words) - 15:42, 15 December 2022
...reased lumbar lordosis, lateral lumbar shift, external rotation of hip and knee hyperextension. It also can lead to changes in posture in other parts of th
...hip flexors are shortened, the pelvis is tilted anteriorly and the hip and knee are in slight flexion. Associated with this is an anterior translation of t
16 KB (2,431 words) - 16:46, 15 December 2022
...lasty. An end‐result study using a new method of result evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1969; 51:737–55.</ref>. The HHS is an outcome measure administe
...he Hip (LISOH), and American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) Hip and Knee Questionnaire.] Arthritis Care Res. 2011. 63; S11 Supplement: Special Outco
6 KB (876 words) - 14:03, 11 January 2024
...mmon than eversion injuries due to the relative instability of the lateral joint and weakness of the lateral ligaments compared to the medial ligament. Alth
...nt is supported by the tibiofibular ligaments or syndesmosis. The subtalar joint between the talus and calcaneus is divided into an anterior and posterior a
11 KB (1,655 words) - 10:33, 10 December 2022
...lar methods of electrotherapy and the evidence to support it in the use of knee conditons specifically.
...was done in healthy subjects therefore there were no pathology within the joint and people with excess adipose tissue were excluded as this was identified
19 KB (2,873 words) - 11:20, 16 November 2023
...in a below-knee cast. Initially, the physiotherapist focused on ankle and knee range of movement. Occupational Therapy provided an adaption for his wheelc
* AC Joint Separation
8 KB (1,033 words) - 10:45, 1 June 2022
...in an immobilizing brace which is then replaced with a c-hinge functional knee brace once femoral nerve block wears off following the surgery. However, th
...weight bearing is preferred to protect scarring, allow healing and restore joint homeostasis as soon as possible.
20 KB (2,904 words) - 00:50, 13 October 2023
...9):2058-62.</ref> Based on the data of previous studies, the risk of facet joint syndrome gets higher as age advances.
...tients with this syndrome can experience pain in the lumbar facet joint or joint capsule, which may spread down to the limb if the syndrome is severe. Some
14 KB (2,016 words) - 15:49, 30 September 2023
|Shoulder joint pain (NRS* 5) during shoulder elevation >90° Flex (while standing)
...gth and activation of the erecting muscles are low. In Table 1 the typical joint positions of upright and stooped positions are listed. Similarly, the patte
14 KB (2,032 words) - 14:13, 14 December 2022
...ects the [[pelvis]] to the lower extremities. The primary roles of the hip joint are to allow [[Weight bearing|weight-bearing]] through the lower extremitie
...of the combined work of the '''static''' and '''dynamic''' elements of the joint paired with '''proper body alignment'''.
16 KB (2,322 words) - 06:43, 28 October 2022
[[File:Transverse-tarsal-joint.jpg|thumb|Transverse-tarsal joint]]
...'''transverse-tarsal joint''' which works together with the talocalcaneal joint
17 KB (2,386 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
...r medial deviation of the forefoot at the tarsometatarsal joints (Lisfranc joint) with respect to the hindfoot.<ref name=":6">Dietz FR. [https://pubmed.ncbi
MA presents at birth with adduction of the metatarsals at the Lisfranc joint. The forefoot is medially deviated to the hindfoot, and thus appears as a c
12 KB (1,769 words) - 12:27, 20 November 2023
...diopathic clubfoot in infants: a prospective randomized trial]. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2020 Oct 3;102(10):1399-404.</ref>
|Knee and Lower Leg
9 KB (1,178 words) - 18:38, 10 November 2022
* Metatarsophalangeal joint pain
...d-connective-tissue-disorders/foot-and-ankle-disorders/metatarsophalangeal-joint-pain (last accessed 25.6.2020)</ref>
18 KB (2,521 words) - 23:33, 13 August 2023
...oulder-osteoarthritis-inferior-osteophyte-1.jpeg|thumb|GH OA; narrowing of joint space, subchondral sclerosis, inferior osteophyte ]]
Please note this article relates to the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder only.
14 KB (1,834 words) - 03:25, 3 September 2023
...hey're most commonly injected into joints — such as the ankle, elbow, hip, knee, shoulder, spine, wrist and small hand or foot joints<ref>Mayo Clinic [http
...nitis]] such as tennis elbow), and a joint ([[Osteoarthritis|arthritis]]). Knee osteoarthritis, hip bursitis, painful foot conditions such as [[Plantar Fas
12 KB (1,703 words) - 13:01, 1 March 2022
...must be addressed (flexum 15° L , and 0° R), and a tendency to posture in knee flexion, on both sides.
...e stump, important risk of scar dehiscence, and skin breakdown. Posture in knee flexion to be avoided imperatively.
13 KB (1,892 words) - 18:52, 11 April 2020
...Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospe
...T, Durak K. [https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/15724111 An evaluation of knee ligament injuries encountered in skiers at the Uludag Ski Center.] Acta ort
29 KB (4,107 words) - 20:47, 11 December 2023
* Maximal plantarflexion in the talocrural joint<ref>Gorwa J, Michnik R, Nowakowska-Lipiec K. [https://www.mdpi.com/2079-773
* Maximal dorsiflexion in the first metatarsophalangeal joint
16 KB (2,329 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
*improve joint stability
...is applied in directions that complement the applied MWM passive force to joint or soft tissue.
6 KB (925 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
* Knee Orthoses (Immobilisers, plastic knee ankle orthoses)
...issues, such as foot deformities, gait abnormalities, muscle weakness, and joint instability. By providing external support and optimising biomechanics, low
29 KB (4,373 words) - 10:33, 2 November 2023
...Blakeslee TJ, Morris JL. Cuboid syndrome and the significance of midtarsal joint stability. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 1987 Dec;
....gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562120/pdf/1757-1146-1-S1-O39.pdf The calcaneocuboid joint moves with three degrees of freedom.] Journal of foot and ankle research. 2
13 KB (1,811 words) - 14:42, 14 December 2022
...tructure that accompanies the stress<ref name=":0">Levangie PK, Norkin CC. Joint Structure and function: a comprehensive analysis. 4th. Philadelphia: FA. Da
...ocus on joint [[proprioception]]. This would be achieved by mobilising the joint tissue within the toe region of the stress-strain curve.<ref name=":1" /><r
26 KB (3,843 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
...esmotic or high ankle sprain) contributes to instability of the tibiotalar joint.<ref name=":0" />
...witz DS, Kubiak EN. Surgical treatment of osteoporotic fractures about the knee. Instr Course Lect 2010; 59:511-23.</ref>
15 KB (2,120 words) - 13:56, 11 January 2024
| {{#ev:youtube|4hCS1O2LP_c|400}}<ref>Anatomy Zone. Ankle Joint - 3D Anatomy Tutorial. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPLd
| {{#ev:youtube|ROd1Acma64o|400}}<ref>AnimatedBiomedical. Ankle Joint, Bones of the Foot - 3D Medical Animation. Available from: https://www.yout
27 KB (4,130 words) - 23:29, 30 March 2023
* Supply: proximal tibiofibular joint, knee joint, ankle joint, muscles and skin of the anterior compartment of the leg.
9 KB (1,202 words) - 16:48, 24 August 2022
...during locomotion<ref name=":0" />. The Achilles tendon crosses the ankle joint and inserts on the calcaneus, so it is important to be familiar with the[[F
...rs<ref name=":2" />. Lower hip extensor moments may result in increases in joint moments and compensations down the kinetic chain affecting the forces place
11 KB (1,508 words) - 12:42, 31 May 2021
...al therapy and sacroiliac and lumbar exercises in patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction syndrome. Pain Physician. 2021;24(3):223.</ref>
...on, and translatory gliding and traction mobilisations are used to restore joint play to its usual state.<ref>Physiopedia. [[Kaltenborn of Hand]] (last acce
18 KB (2,425 words) - 12:19, 24 July 2023
...h a thin layer of synovial fluid. It protects and brakes the shocks of the joint. The structures nearby the bursa can move with minimal friction due to irri
*Altered joint axis
9 KB (1,365 words) - 11:17, 19 July 2022
** Joint contractures
...h the outside of the tape strips. Patients have to stand fully erected (no knee or hip or spine bending). The PALM is placed on the most superior aspect of
8 KB (1,183 words) - 00:24, 1 July 2022
...uscles]] that are located at the posterior aspect of the [[Hip Anatomy|hip joint]]. It is the largest muscle at the hip representing 16% of the total cross-
...'The hamstring muscle''' group plays a prominent role in hip extension and knee flexion. The semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris muscles co
7 KB (976 words) - 05:53, 31 January 2022
...lective term for injuries where the articular cartilage of the [[Knee|knee joint]] is affected, such as [[Chondromalacia Patellae|chondromalacia]], tears in
...aum et al">Mandelbaum, Bert R., et al. "Articular cartilage lesions of the knee." The American Journal of Sports Medicine 26.6 (1998): 853-861.</ref><ref n
33 KB (4,839 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
[[File:Sacroiliac joint.png|right|frameless|398x398px]]
...hyper- or hypo-mobile) or malalignment of the sacroiliac joint. Sacroiliac joint syndrome is a significant source of pain in 15% to 30% of people with mecha
26 KB (3,926 words) - 00:12, 16 February 2024
...ation/Rec022111lowbackpain.pdf Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Joint Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians and the
*[http://www.jospt.org/doi/pdf/10.2519/jospt.2014.0302 Nonarthritic Hip Joint Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classificati
15 KB (2,156 words) - 14:54, 5 November 2023
...le contracts, it contributes to more compression type motion at the spinal joint it affects compared to other back extensor muscles and the more superficial
...t breath holding), focus on turning your inner thigh outwards. Return your knee.<ref name="p1" />
11 KB (1,714 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...r B, Avery A. Altered motor control strategies in subjects with sacroiliac joint pain during the active straight-leg-raise test. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002
...reasonable that aSLR does not evaluation test the stability of sacoiliac joint but is a stress-test for the capacity to transfer the load between legs and
10 KB (1,549 words) - 00:40, 19 December 2021
...ambulation with contralateral versus ipsilateral cane use in patients with knee OA. This evidence points toward using a single-handed ambulation AD as warr
...erating less force, the patient will experience less pain in the right hip joint.<ref>Orthopeadia If you have right hip arthritis and are forced to carry a
25 KB (3,748 words) - 19:35, 6 February 2023
...anterior cruciate reconstruction–A systematic review & meta-analysis.] The Knee. 2022 Jan 1;34:134-40.</ref>
...Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospe
29 KB (4,101 words) - 01:28, 11 December 2023
...ies, intervertebral ligaments, the hyaline cartilage, the underlying bone, joint capsule and zygoapophyseal joints. It can lead to the formation of osteophy
...to contact with one another during motion, and slide during flexion of the joint to cover articular surfaces exposed by this movement.<ref name="gellhorn" /
22 KB (3,082 words) - 11:36, 15 November 2023
...ength create joint compression, thus producing active stabilisation of the joint.<ref name=":0" />
...Crossley KM, Kim HJ, Pandy MG. Contributions of individual muscles to hip joint contact force in normal walking. Journal of biomechanics. 2010 May 28;43(8)
17 KB (2,471 words) - 17:39, 18 February 2024
...] and [[Gluteus Maximus|gluteus maximus]] muscles in the [[Hip Anatomy|hip joint]]. Sway-back posture reduces contraction of the skeletal [[Muscle|muscles]]
* One-joint (iliacus, [[Psoas Major|psoas]]), and two-joint hip flexors ([[Rectus Femoris|rectus femoris]], [[Tensor Fascia Lata|tensor
8 KB (1,044 words) - 14:03, 21 May 2020
=== Changes in the Knee ===
...ed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29964215/ Pregnancy Results in Lasting Changes in Knee Joint Laxity.] PM&R [Internet]. 2019 Feb [cited 2021 Nov 25];11(2):117–24. </re
27 KB (3,725 words) - 11:28, 24 July 2023
* Post orthopaedic surgery (e.g., [[Total knee arthroplasty|TKR,]] [[ACL Reconstruction|ACL reconstruction]], arthroscopic
== Joint Mobilization with Cryotherapy ==
11 KB (1,615 words) - 18:25, 7 April 2023
.... Gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia in children and young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987 Mar;69(3):437-41</ref>. They categorised hemiplegic gait patt
...R.Gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia in children and young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987 Mar;69(3):437-41.</ref> They subdivided hemiplegia into four
24 KB (3,789 words) - 16:58, 22 May 2023
...achy legs, mainly after she does a lot of walking or physical activity and knee pain going downstairs.
* Joint Swelling in Ankles - Has not yet been investigated by Rheumatology but awai
9 KB (1,395 words) - 10:45, 1 June 2022
...help to reduce secondary soft tissue changes such as muscle stiffness and joint contractures. Without such interventions, the child with cerebral palsy may
*Preserve muscle length and joint flexibility
6 KB (900 words) - 19:25, 5 April 2023
...who presents to physical therapy (PT) for treatment of a recent left below knee amputation (BKA) secondary to peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Amputation
Other notable co-mordities and knee flexion contractors are HTN and hard of hearing and depression. The patient
8 KB (1,311 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...y. the first ten years of a population-based prevention programme.] J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(1):95-101.</ref><ref name="Robb">Robb JE, Hägglund G. [ht
...al angle (single and bilateral), Ely’s test, knee extension, dorsiflexion (knee extended and flexed)
10 KB (1,514 words) - 15:16, 31 October 2023
...ing total knee arthroplasty in patients under 55 years of age]. The bone & joint journal. 2016 Dec;98(12):1625-34.</ref>
...bia]] and the [[femur]] as a shock absorber.<ref name=":4">Medscape. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Available from: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/
35 KB (4,848 words) - 11:16, 14 March 2024
...xercises will change to incorporate a more functional position for the hip joint.
*Wrap Thera- band around the thighs just proximal to the knee.
17 KB (2,693 words) - 01:11, 11 October 2020
Hip joint pain is a common clinical problem that can be seen in adulthood at any age
...23.0302 Hip Pain and Movement Dysfunction Associated With Nonarthritic Hip Joint Pain: A Revision: Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International
14 KB (1,922 words) - 11:25, 24 July 2023
...l ailments of the disease that lead to a bent presentation and arthralgic (joint pain) symptoms.<ref name="WHO">World Health Organization. Chikunguyna Fact
...ankles. While the larger joints involved are the knee and shoulder. Axial joint involvement can occur as well.<ref name="p3">Mohan A, Kiran D, Manohar IC,
20 KB (2,948 words) - 08:31, 5 January 2022
...p abductors have been associated with increased postural sway and subtalar joint inversion during single leg stance, which can leave the dancer vulnerable t
...er extremity alignment, proper toe-heel landing with a completely extended knee and pointed foot in the air)<ref name=":2" />
6 KB (936 words) - 23:33, 20 November 2021
...or activity and functional disability, and may progress to the point where joint replacement is needed. Hip osteoarthritis is a major global public-health b
...ioning and obtaining endurance of the surrounding muscles that support the joint.
22 KB (3,098 words) - 03:29, 3 September 2023
...motion to happen<ref>Freestyle Swimming Muscle Analysis 1 A Comprehensive Joint and Muscle Analysis Regarding the Motion of Freestyle Swimming Shawn Mantic
=='''The Upper-Body Muscles''' and Joint Kinematics ==
9 KB (1,339 words) - 14:54, 10 January 2022
...rior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction|reconstructions]] as well as [[knee]] extensor, [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]] ligament, and [[shoulder]] and [[Hip A
...re rotated 90° and orientated clockwise or anticlockwise for right or left knee ACL reconstructions respectively to replicate the native ACL and help it re
21 KB (3,060 words) - 18:43, 17 August 2021
|Joint
...site of the injury (e.g. bone, cartilage, ligament, muscle, bursa, tendon, joint, nerve or skin) and the type of injury (e.g. fracture, dislocation, sprain
26 KB (3,778 words) - 06:56, 15 October 2023
...//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1259958/pdf/janat00140-0058.pdf The joint capsule: structure, composition, ageing and disease]. J Anat. 1994 Jun;184
...here there is the most congruency of the joint surfaces. In this position, joint stability increases. The closed pack position for interphalangeal joints is
28 KB (4,062 words) - 06:26, 12 April 2024
...l or acquired and account for ~5% of all joint dislocations The native hip joint (as opposed to prosthetic hip) is inherently stable and needs a huge amoun
[[File:Axial section of the hip joint Primal.png|thumb|Hip ]]
21 KB (2,919 words) - 21:03, 9 January 2024
...orbing phase and converts to propulsion late. Symptoms include superficial knee pain, shin pains, Achilles tendonitis, iliotibial (IT) band pain, plantar f
...[[Biomechanics|biomechanical]] factors include: angles of the shin bones, knee, hip, and leg length discrepancy etc.
22 KB (3,374 words) - 21:20, 24 January 2023
...treatment of ACL injuries in children is low: a systematic review]. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012 Jun 20;94(12):1112-9.</ref>
...ences<ref name=":0" /> as well as an increased risk of re-injury to either knee.<ref>Paterno MV, Rauh MJ, Schmitt LC, Ford KR, Hewett TE. [https://www.ncbi
29 KB (4,132 words) - 14:53, 15 March 2021
...ur [[humerus]] firmly located within the [[Glenohumeral Joint|glenohumeral joint]]), the upper traps help with upward rotation of the scapulae, and [[Core S
...rioception]], joint stability and muscle co-activation around the shoulder joint.<ref name=":22">Uhl TL, Carver TJ, Mattacola CG, Mair SD, Nitz AJ. Shoulder
14 KB (2,039 words) - 19:20, 9 February 2024
...Q%2F20200501%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_ Blount disease.] Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2009;91(7):1758-76.</ref> This can be described by the effects of i
** Increased [[knee]] abduction
13 KB (1,730 words) - 18:14, 23 April 2021
...ss the anatomy of the hip joint in detail and provide some examples of hip joint pathology.
...iction in range of motion during passive exercises due to tightness of the joint capsule."
36 KB (5,252 words) - 16:04, 24 July 2023
...e no joint limitations and mild tightness to right knee flexors with right knee extension -5degrees.
.../E exercise program for both limbs with focus on hip extension, abduction, knee flexion and extension.
9 KB (1,393 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...to prolonged positioning which compresses the nerve at the posterior knee joint, such as prolonged squatting or prolonged use of stirrups.<ref name=":4" />
...obturator neuropathy may also be observed, which causes dysfunction of the knee extensors, resulting in functional limitations such as not being able to cl
9 KB (1,269 words) - 11:09, 22 August 2022
...://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/57/7/657/pdf Effect of Heel-First Strike Gait on Knee and Ankle Mechanics]. Medicina. 2021 Jun 26;57(7):657.</ref>
* Lateral knee pain
13 KB (1,878 words) - 05:09, 31 October 2023
...pist.<ref>Distefano, M. John P. Fulkerson. Disorders Of The Patellofemoral Joint. Ed. 3. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1998. 365 pp.</ref>
[[File:Knee ligaments.png|center|thumb]]
39 KB (5,747 words) - 14:04, 31 May 2020
Transfemoral, diabetic, PVD, locked knee prosthesis, Male, 72 years old
...he used with a KISS suspension system and a hybrid style socket. The knee joint was poly centric with a locking feature and a carbon energy foot. He was ab
7 KB (1,148 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...s [[Differentiating Buttock Pain and Sacroiliac Joint Disorders|Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction,]] [[Differentiating Buttock Pain|Gluteal Tendinopathy]], [http
...e disorder with entrapment in the deep gluteal space: a systematic review. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2020 Apr 3:1-1.</ref>:
23 KB (3,243 words) - 00:21, 31 October 2022
...an_Experimental_Rheumatoid_Arthritis_Model Effects of Exercise on The Knee Joint in an Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis Model.] Journal of Morphological Sc
...Article_4232.pdf The time course and mechanisms of change in biomarkers of joint metabolism in response to acute exercise and chronic training in physiologi
11 KB (1,464 words) - 17:26, 25 March 2024
...al.com/articles/10.1186/s12938-017-0396-x Methodological factors affecting joint moments estimation in clinical gait analysis: a systematic review]. Biomed
...ring activities, influencing bone density, muscle activation patterns, and joint loading <ref>Judex S, Carlson KJ. Is Bone’s Response to Mechanical Signal
14 KB (1,917 words) - 14:29, 2 May 2024
<br>A 28 year-old Caucasian female presents to the clinic with complaints of joint pain (arthralgia) and intermittent low back pain. Patient cannot recall any
Joint pain, low back pain, headache, muscle stiffness, difficulty sleeping and pa
8 KB (1,176 words) - 00:05, 12 March 2018
* Post-knee replacement
...eoperative''' Exercise and Education for Patients Undergoing Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A '''SystematicReview''' and Meta-Analysis. 2017.] JBJS Rev
17 KB (2,236 words) - 12:02, 24 May 2023
...nge of motion, balance deficits, and impaired sensorimotor performance and joint proprioception.
...nstability''' is defined as pathologic ligamentous laxity around the ankle-joint complex. MI is characterized by the presence of ligamentous laxity which oc
22 KB (3,276 words) - 03:11, 17 November 2022
The [[Hip Anatomy|hip joint]] is a synovial joint with articulation between the femoral head and the acetabulum of the pelvis
...a motor nerve which also supplies a muscle extending and acting across the joint, another branch of the nerve often supplies the overlying skin.
16 KB (2,388 words) - 20:48, 15 March 2022
The wind-up phase is defined as the initial movement to maximum knee lift of stride leg <ref name="Shoulder Biomechanics" />. During the initial
...teral leg and trunk rotate approximately 90° and the contralateral hip and knee flex<ref name="p8">Pappas AM, Zawacki RM, Sullivan TJ. [https://www.ncbi.nl
22 KB (3,353 words) - 14:57, 10 January 2022
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) now known as Iliotibial Band Pain or lateral knee pain<ref>Bonoan, M., Morales, M., Liu, X.W. ''et al.'' Iliotibial Band Synd
...ve described an ‘impingement zone’ occurring at, or slightly below, 30° of knee flexion during foot strike and the early stance phase of running. During th
26 KB (3,940 words) - 13:48, 10 May 2024
...iated with pain, reduced grip strength, loss of range of motion (ROM), and joint stiffness leading to impaired hand function and difficulty with daily activ
* Programs of joint protection, advice, and home exercises are effective at improving grip stre
15 KB (2,107 words) - 10:15, 24 January 2022
...shing the knee joint. An injury can cause altered biomechanics of the knee joint and pain. This page will explore how and what happens when the menisci bec
...lyme, P., & Sonne-Holm, S. (1990). Epidemiology of meniscal lesions in the knee: 1,215 open operations in Copenhagen 1982-84.Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica
38 KB (5,763 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...rans-tibial amputation followed with a stump of proximally 17 cm below the knee. Now the wound healing progressed as expected. <br>
...1 points. The affected right leg showed diminished ROM in the hip and knee joint, decreased muscle strength in Gluteus and Quadriceps. Oxford scale 3(+) <br
12 KB (1,694 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...lacement of the navicular tuberosity from a neutral position i.e. Subtalar joint neutral to a relaxed position in standing (Fig. 1).<ref name="Vinicombe et
...bearing through the lower extremity and ensure the foot is in the subtalar joint neutral position (“talar head congruent”)<ref>[[Biomechanical Assessmen
13 KB (1,851 words) - 18:09, 30 September 2022
...tabular labrum and the ligamentum teres: an experimental study. The bone & joint journal. 2015 Apr 1;97(4):484-91.</ref><ref>Martin HD, Hatem MA, Kivlan BR,
...fness comparable to [[Anterior Cruciate Ligament|cruciate ligaments of the knee]]
8 KB (1,143 words) - 12:38, 16 February 2024
Follow a structured process of assessment by looking at one joint/region at a time. To end up with a structured problem list, slow down the s
...al contact are less likely to engage the shock absorption mechanism within knee and ankle resulting in higher shocks. This places greater eccentric demands
15 KB (2,336 words) - 16:44, 20 November 2022
# Regulation of joint forces and moments across [[Joint Classification|synovial joints]] and skeletal segments.
* 30° flexion of the hip: full extension in the knee: ankle moves from dorsiflexion to a neutral (supinated 5°) position then i
33 KB (4,964 words) - 13:09, 14 July 2023
...ssence, it is the extent to which a part of the body can be moved around a joint or a fixed point.
...t of patient assessment.<ref name=":0">Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of joint motion: a guide to goniometry. FA Davis; 2016 Nov 18.</ref>
32 KB (4,794 words) - 13:39, 3 September 2023
...Lateral supracondylar line of the femur, oblique popliteal ligament of the knee
...: Lateral condyle of femur, posterior horn of lateral meniscus of the knee joint
17 KB (2,395 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...ces of the agonistic and antagonistic muscles. It helps provide functional joint stabilisation through dynamic stability,<ref name=":11">Page P, Frank CC, L
...nt pathology. A study found that proximal hip weakness has caused anterior knee pain,<ref>Ireland ML, Willson JD, Ballantyne BT, Davis IM. [https://www.jos
24 KB (3,499 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
...Rehabil. 2018;99(5):819-25.</ref> found that patients with MS had improved knee extensor 1 repetition maximum, Timed 8-Foot Up and Go, Chair Stand Test fol
...Muscle recruitment and speed influence walking mechanics across [[hip]], [[knee]] and [[Ankle and Foot|ankle]] joints.<ref>Schwartz MH, Rozumalski A, Trost
15 KB (2,163 words) - 01:46, 29 August 2022
...unning downhill, produces compression on the posterior aspect of the ankle joint. In cause of a trauma, the os trigonum can be displaced by forced plantarfl
Soft tissue structures, including the ankle joint capsule and surrounding ligaments, may react by forming a hypertrophic mass
10 KB (1,455 words) - 18:29, 16 July 2021
...tebrae), [[Meniscal Lesions|Menisc]]<nowiki/>i (cartilage pads of the knee joint), the callus (formed at the ends of bones at the site of a fracture), betwe
...to irritation of surrounding structures, for example, inflammation of the joint and bone in [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=":0" />
12 KB (1,705 words) - 11:35, 6 October 2022
...professional and recreational sports. This article will discuss the ankle joint and its osseous, soft tissue, neural and vascular components, and explore h
...passive and active stability and may even form articular surfaces for the joint.
28 KB (4,166 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
*Joint dislocation
...nburg Gait|Trendelenburg]]; notice any changes in the lower leg alignment: knee valgus or varus, foot pronation or supination; observe [[Gait Cycle|gait cy
21 KB (2,971 words) - 18:42, 17 January 2023
[[Biomechanical Fundamentals of Sacroiliac Joint Pain|Body mechanics]] is a term used to describe the ways we move as we go
...er the best rest break strategies based on your job demands.<br>• Practice joint-conserving kinematic movement patterns.<br>• Maintain a reasonable level
7 KB (1,042 words) - 13:23, 27 February 2023
...ractures, orthopedic degenerative diseases, and surgical disorders such as joint replacement. A systemic review evaluating the prevalence of LLD by radiogra
...uch as radiography. FLLD can develop due to an abnormal motion of the hip, knee, ankle, or foot in any of the three planes of motion.<ref name=":0" />
23 KB (3,402 words) - 10:00, 10 May 2024
* Hip, knee, and lower back problems - If the iliacus on one side of the hip becomes sh
...acus is not palpable .Ask the client to actively flex the thigh at the hip joint and feel for the contraction of the iliacus .
9 KB (1,315 words) - 14:34, 15 June 2023
...ritis]]) post arthroscopic irrigation and debridement found improvement in joint [[Range of Motion|range of motion]], synovitis on [[MRI Scans|MRI]] and [[H
....There is support that some early OA stages (Tonnis Grade 1 or less and if joint space is preserved by at least 2 mm) can see symptomatic improvement with a
10 KB (1,368 words) - 17:27, 6 April 2023
...ds to receive physiotherapy treatment early to avoid complications such as joint contractures, pathological scars and depressed psychological state. The mai
*Maintain joint ROM
24 KB (3,480 words) - 13:10, 7 April 2023
...re susceptible to injury as it is a biarthrodial muscle extending over the knee and ankle. Sudden bursts of acceleration can precipitate injury as well as
...he knee is flexed, gastrocnemius cannot produce maximum power at the ankle joint and vice versa.</span></span><ref name=":0" />
24 KB (3,601 words) - 21:33, 12 April 2023
...gthening programme<ref name=":5">Herrington, L. Practical Guide to Hip and Knee Strengthening. Course. Plus. 2024</ref>:
...aptations are specific to strength, power, endurance, functional activity, joint angle, sequence of muscle activations, energy systems and virtually all oth
21 KB (2,979 words) - 12:55, 5 April 2024
...essential and commonly used treatment method for the management of tissue, joint and movement dysfunction. There are several different main stream approache
...sively to assess range and symptom response in the open pack position of a joint. Understanding this idea of accessory movements and their dysfunction is es
19 KB (2,840 words) - 14:12, 11 March 2024
...scapularis muscle. Clinical features in 16 cases]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 1991 73-B:3, 389-394</ref>. It was developed to
...Cuff|rotator cuff]], which provide stability and strength to the shoulder joint during motion. The other 3 muscles include The [[Supraspinatus]], The [[Inf
8 KB (1,229 words) - 16:51, 8 February 2021
==== Charcot foot/joint ====
...is more common in diabetes to affect the foot it can also bee seen in the knee, hip and spine.<ref name=":0">Dardari D. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
15 KB (2,108 words) - 02:41, 17 August 2022
=== Diagnostic Injections to Evaluate Sacroiliac Joint Pain ===
...chellhas K, Johnson B. Use of Diagnostic Injections to Evaluate Sacroiliac Joint Pain. International Journal of Spine Surgery. 2020 Feb 1;14(s1):S30-4.</ref
26 KB (3,789 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
In children under 10 years, PEDs are the most common type of joint dislocation.<ref name="Uhl" />
...ion of the elbow joint: relationship to medial instability.] J of Bone and Joint Surg, 82-A(4): 555-560, 2000.</ref><ref name="Haan">Haan J, Schep NWL, Tuin
15 KB (2,138 words) - 09:11, 22 February 2022
...l during the provocative activity), and manual therapy (to ensure adequate joint and soft tissue compliance). In this scenario, the aim of treatment is to i
...urnal of Athletic Training, 37''(1),71-79.</ref> (Clinically measured as a joint matching task).
14 KB (1,971 words) - 22:55, 9 November 2023
...Queen, M. M., and P. Gaston. "Acute compartment syndrome." Bone & Joint Journal 82.2 (2000): 200-203. </ref><ref name=":8">Abraham TR. Acu
...l course of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the lower leg." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 23.7 (2015): 2136-2141. </re
13 KB (1,847 words) - 06:06, 29 October 2021
...pain but this is misleading as the pain can be felt in all aspects of the knee (including the popliteal fossa). Symptoms can develop slowly over time or
...=":0">Wiles P, Andrews PS, Devas MB. Chondromalacia of the patella. Bone & Joint Journal. 1956 Feb 1;38(1):95-113.</ref><ref>Blazer K. Diagnosis and treatme
34 KB (4,944 words) - 05:36, 10 February 2024
...ld male with a recent transtibial amputation, who was already a left below knee prosthetic user. The reason for amputation was vascular compromise leading
*
Left- Rom-Hip - full movement
. Knee- full extension.
<br>
13 KB (2,092 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...s, abductors, external rotators, flexibility training for the affected hip joint, and we instructed the patient to sleep prone as tolerated. Strengthening e
Treatment of above knee amputee is quiet challenging. In this case, we summarized the physical ther
8 KB (1,185 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
*Professionals involved in joint problem solving, working beyond their own scope of practice.
...date with patient progress; any issues or concerns can be discussed with a joint approach to problem solving.
11 KB (1,597 words) - 01:42, 3 June 2022
|[[Acromioclavicular Joint|acromioclavicular joint]]
|above knee amputation
18 KB (2,462 words) - 21:40, 3 October 2023
...ght, forceful plantar flexion of the ankle (as in jumping with an extended knee), or using the foot to break a fall if you stumble<ref name=":0" />. Clini
...ehabilitation protocol following minimal invasive Achilles tendon repair.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2018 Mar;26(3):846-53.</ref>
8 KB (1,161 words) - 10:53, 13 May 2024
[[File:Lisfranc.jpg|thumb|Lisfranc joint complex]]
* Malalignment of the second tarsometatarsal joint is a common feature in '''[[Lisfranc Injuries|Lisfranc fracture-dislocation
20 KB (3,014 words) - 15:38, 22 October 2023
== Effect of menstrual cycle on joint laxity ==
...mc/articles/PMC3371148/ Changes in serum collagen markers, IGF‐I, and Knee joint laxity across the menstrual cycle]. Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2012 S
14 KB (2,092 words) - 12:32, 6 April 2024
...index. It is designed to assess motor functioning, balance, sensation and joint functioning in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia<ref name=":0">Fugl-Meye
* Joint range of motion (8 joints)
11 KB (1,565 words) - 07:54, 27 November 2022
...target these known impairments, helping to restore normal muscle strength, joint motion, and flexibility.<ref>Paterno MV, Archdeacon MT. Is there a standard
[[File:Supine isometric knee extension.gif|thumb|Isometric quadriceps, knee extension]]
11 KB (1,651 words) - 02:48, 11 December 2022
...metrical hip rotation range of motion may be an indication of [[Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome|sacroiliac region pain]].<ref name=":2" />
...Physical Therapy. 2020 Jul 1;44(3):107-16.</ref> investigated hip angles, joint moments and muscle activity during gait in women with self-reported stress
21 KB (3,088 words) - 09:44, 27 December 2022
Chondromalacia patellae (CMP) is referred to as anterior knee pain due to the physical and biomechanical changes <ref name="Lee Herringto
...acia patellae is one of the most frequently encountered causes of anterior knee pain among young people. It’s the number one cause in the United States w
34 KB (4,983 words) - 16:16, 25 March 2024
