#REDIRECT [[Psychological Approaches to Pain Management]]
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#REDIRECT [[Patient Education in Pain Management]]
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#REDIRECT [[Exercise and Activity in Pain Management]]
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#REDIRECT [[Evidence-based Management of Pain in Displaced Persons]]
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#REDIRECT [[The Management of Low Back Pain in Pregnancy]]
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#REDIRECT [[The Management of Neck pain: A Case Study]]
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#REDIRECT [[Management of Lower Back Pain related to Lower Cross Syndrome]]
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...n approaches in physical therapy management of a case of subacute low back pain]]
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...Core Stability Exercise in the Management of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain]]
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...Core Stability Exercise in the Management of Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain]]
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== About The Physiotherapy Pain Association (PPA) ==
...ith the common interest of managing patients with both acute and long term pain. It was established in 1994 and recognised as a Clinical Interest Group of
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...ance. It is both pleased and proud to have led this project to develop the Pain section in Physiopedia.
...Education/CurriculumDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=2055 IASP Curriculum Outline on Pain for Physical Therapy].
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...and attitudes of healthcare professionals in primary medical centers. Pain Management Nursing. 2020 Jun 1;21(3):265-70.</ref>
...he management of pain in older people–a summary report. British Journal of Pain. 2022 Feb;16(1):6-13.</ref>
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This page highlights all the available guidelines for low back pain from the international community. If you know of any more please add
...t.2021.0304 Interventions for the management of acute and chronic low back pain: revision 2021: clinical practice guidelines linked to the international cl
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...sia or allodynia in the same region<ref>Finnerup, N.B. & Baastrup, C. Curr Pain Headache Rep (2012) 16: 207. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-012-025
Antiepileptics’ mechanism of action for treating pain is not fully understood, although it is proposed to work as a GABA agonist
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# [https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg177 Osteoarthritis: care and management], NICE CPGs Published date: February 2014
...tps://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg124/chapter/Recommendations Hip fracture: management], NICE CPGs Last updated: May 2017
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[[File:Low Back Pain Guy.jpg|thumb|alt=|200x200px]]
...doi/abs/10.1177/1559827620971547 Lifestyle medicine for chronic lower back pain: an evidence-based approach]. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2021;
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...s, and swelling, are often associated with functional limitations, chronic pain and lower quality of life.<ref>Hsu H, Siwiec RM. Knee Osteoarthritis.2019 A
==Conservative vs Surgical Management ==
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...aries to elevate the standard of care for individuals dealing with chronic pain. Our [https://healthmaxphysio.com/scarborough/ physiotherapy clinic in Scar
...hniques utilized at HealthMax Physiotherapy Clinics for addressing chronic pain.
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...changes and healthier living through nutrition, physical activity, disease management many lifestyle related diseases can be prevented.
==== Lifestyle Medicine for Health and Disease Management ====
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== What is Pain ? ==
...]</ref>. It is usually subjective<ref>Merskey, H., 1991. The definition of pain. ''European psychiatry''.</ref>.
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== Acute Pain ==
...resources/college-publications/acute-pain-management/apmse5.pdf Acute pain management: scientific evidence.] Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists;
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...re used to treat different types of spinal disorders ranging from low back pain to complex spine trauma and deformity.
...ons such as ligamentous, osseous or musculotendinous diseases, and in pain management.
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...in, fatigue, anxiety, etc.<ref>Prowse T. General Management of Paediatric Pain Problems Course. Plus. 2022.
...of safety in me’.<ref name=":0" /> The overall goal for self-management of pain is to effectively decrease DIMS while increasing SIMS.<ref name=":4" /> Mos
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...12602711].</ref> It is a common, but underrecognized cause of benign chest pain in children and adolescents.The pathophysiology of the syndrome is unknown.
...ren aged 6 to 12 years.<ref name=":0" /> There is no sex predilection. The pain usually occurs while the patient is at rest, but never occurs during sleep.
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...ent in the elderly: evaluation of psychometric properties of the Geriatric Pain Measure-Portuguese version. Revista Dor. 2015 Jun;16(2):136-41.</ref>.
...002) and recommends that multidimensional tools should be used to evaluate pain quantification and approach in the elderly in a multidimensional manner and
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Side stitch is an acute, localized, pain on the upper side of the abdomen which can occur after exercise.
It is also called '''Exercise Induced Abdominal Pain (E.I.A.P.)'''. <ref name=":0">Eichner ER. Stitch in the side: causes, worku
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...and move around in the joint, and can result into catching and subsequent pain. These defects does not heal as with bone, but are instead filled with scar
* Pain in the joint
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...prevalence of lumbosacral pathology in patients with greater trochanteric pain syndrome]. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2022
[[File:Lower back pain.png|center|thumb|260x260px|Low Back Pain ]]
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...ice.org.uk/guidance/cg61 Irritable bowel syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management.] (published date: <time>2008; updated 2017) [Accessed 21 Jul 2022]</time>
....uk/guidance/cg99 Constipation in children and young people: diagnosis and management]. (published date: <time>2010; updated 2017). [Accessed 21 Jul 2022]</time
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=== Medical Management ===
* [[Pain Management in Spinal Cord Injury|Pain Management]]
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A patient - chronic left lateral elbow pain with associated weakness in his left hand.
...and how to improve things<br>To begin treatment where appropriate/set out management plan.
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...ers and facilitators <br>14. The relationship between fitness and low back pain <br>
*[[Classification Of Low Back Pain Using Shirley Sahrmann’s Movement System Impairments, An Overview Of The
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...improve upper limb function. This module will provide a guideline for the management of the tetraplegic upper limb, describe rehabilitation principles to develo
== Function and Management According to Neurological Level ==
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...greater than a person with a single limb amputation. These challenges are: pain, adjustment to lifestyle, return to quality of life. Multiple amputation co
==Medical and Surgical Management==
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...musculature and surrounding tissue<ref>Finnerup, N.B. & Baastrup, C. Curr Pain Headache Rep (2012) 16: 207. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1007/s11916-012-025
...drug class’ addictive potential, it is not recommended for long term pain management. Benzodiazepines can also be prescribed to address spasticity on a short-te
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.../painmedicine/article/16/1/51/2460400 what is its role in pain medicine?]. Pain Medicine. 2015 Jan 1;16(1):51-60.</ref>
== Spiritual Pain ==
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...eg nerve fibers carrying nociceptive signals are interrupted resulting in pain relief.<ref name=":4">Tariq RA, Mueller M, Green MS. Neuraxial Neurolysis.
* External neurolysis is releasing [[Scar Management|scar]] tissue from the nerve
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..., the weakness of the back extensor muscles can also form the basis of the pain as it will put a load on the Quadratus Lumborum.
...of the patients with quadratus lumborum involvement, present with low back pain.
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== Pain ==
...n and News.Jul 16,2020.(cited: 12/6/2020) Available from: https://www.iasp-pain.org/PublicationsNews/NewsDetail.aspx?ItemNumber=10475
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...ia, intramedullary (IM) nail fixation of bilateral femurs and conservative management of the pelvic fracture. This resulted in an extensive stay in ICU followed
...y admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following initial conservative management.
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...timuli and the stimuli is maintained for 15- 20 seconds. If indicated, the pain will reduce in this period and the patient would have gained a new P1.
...le pain producing compression force with movement for '''20 seconds''' the pain would often disappear or would be significantly reduced."<br></div>
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...|Chronic low back pain]] or [[Neck Pain: Clinical Practice Guidelines|neck pain]]<ref name=":0" />
* Multiple areas of pain<ref name=":0" />
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[[File:Integrative Medicine and Pain page - Photo credit Canva - Nanette Grebe - acupuncture.png|thumb|Acupunctu
Figure 1 outlines various disease management strategies.
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== Management ==
===== Conservative management =====
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== Pain Phases ==
...acute and persistent/chronic pain and the implications for assessment and management of the patient:
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Freiberg’s test elicits pain by passively internal rotation of the extended hip, when the patient is in
...-18</ref>,<ref name="Lori">Lori A, Boyajian- O’ Neill et al. Diagnosis and Management of Piriformis syndrome : an osteopathic approach. The journal of the Americ
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...bservation, and ePAT that is an electronic application developed to assess pain for people with dementia.
== Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) Scale ==
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...matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain]. Spine 2002;27(24):2529-2602.</ref>. The McKenzie side glide test is an as
.../articles/PMC2646960/ McKenzie diagnosis and therapy in the evaluation and management of a lumbar disc derangement syndrome: A case study.] J Chiropr Med, 2013;
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....2004.34.11.686 Proposal of a classification system for patients with neck pain.] Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2004 Nov;34(11):686-700
...tion System for Patients Receiving Physical Therapy Interventions for Neck Pain.] Physical Therapy, 87(5), 513-524.</ref>.
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[[File:Back pain image.jpg|right]]
...t, depression, anxiety, pain-related disability and pain intensity]. Eur J Pain [Internet]. 2022 June 12 [cited 2023 May 22]. 26:1611–1635</ref>.
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Corticosteroids are predominantly used for symptomatic relief of acute pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis.<ref name=":0">Singh
...and modalities. Reference [[Osteoporosis|this page]] for physical therapy management of osteoporosis.
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...package of care offered by physical therapists to individuals with spinal pain.
...lected patients and for specific neuromusculoskeletal conditions to reduce pain, improve mobility and optimise function. Spinal manipulation is not appropr
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== Management / Interventions ==
* Topical analgesic to reduce pain and itching
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...[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19563667?dopt=Abstract Thoracic spine pain in the general population: prevalence, incidence and associated factors in
...of many factors eg the different definitions and duration of thoracic back pain included.
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...-13-23.</ref> In addition, they may later be combined with [[DMARDs in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis|DMARD]]<nowiki/>s to control the disease process.<r
...armacological Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis|<<Back to Pharmacological Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis]] ======
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...lth and Clinical Excellence. [https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ph27 Weight Management Before, During and After Pregnancy]. 2010. [Accessed 21 Jul 2022]
...nice.org.uk/guidance/cg192 Antenatal and postnatal mental health: clinical management and service guidance]. (published: 2014; updated:2018). [Accessed 21 Jul 20
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...Donelson R. The role of repeated end-range/pain response assessment in the management of symptomatic lumbar discs. Spine J. 2003 Mar-Apr;3(2):146-54. doi: 10.101
In patients with [[Neck Pain Tool-kit: Step 1|neck]] and [[Low Back Pain|back pain]], it has been found that a directional preference was present in 70%<ref>M
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...754-3 Evidenz- und konsensusbasierte o¨sterreichische Leitlinien fu¨ r das Management akuter und chronischer unspezifischer Kreuzschmerzen]. Wien Klin Wochenschr
...Guidelines Group (2003) Evidence-based management of acute musculoskeletal pain. Australian Academic Press, Bowen Hills: Australia, National Health and Med
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== Management and Treatment ==
The treatment of Benediction Hand involves the management and treatment of the underlying median nerve pathology. Treatment options
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Recently, there have been incredible expansions in the management of RA due to an increasing number of available drug options
...ndependent of acute symptoms. Symptomatic therapy is used to relieve acute pain and [[Inflammation Acute and Chronic|inflammation]] associated with the dis
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...port to women before, during, and after labor, and they can help to manage pain and improve the progression of labor.
...ach women about different positions and techniques that can help to manage pain and improve the progression of labor.
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...is defined as an acute or chronic joint inflammation. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, stiffness, and redness which may contribute to reduced function
* Regular physical activity and exercise are important in the management of all forms of inflammatory arthritis (IA), including rheumatoid arthritis
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...mme that allows for early identification and monitoring is the keystone of management.<br>Hip Surveillance is the process of identifying and monitoring the criti
1. Progressive hip displacements can lead to hip dislocations<br>2. Severe pain<br>3. Impaired function i.e. loss of mobility, inability to be correctly po
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...nal cord and activate the endogenous [[Opioids|opiate]] system to suppress pain.<ref>Neuroscientifically Challenged PAG Available:https://neuroscientifical
...re three types of opioid receptors which regulate the neurotransmission of pain signals. These receptors are called mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.
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Negative thoughts (e.g., "My back pain is uncontrollable" --> Negative feelings (e.g., depression, anger) and m
...-sagepub-com.ezproxy.med.nyu.edu/doi/full/10.1177/0193945915615869 Chronic Pain and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Integrative Review]’, ''Western Jour
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* Pain may be constant or intermittent
* Can produce pain during movement or at end range
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*Conservative Management
*Conservative Management
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Patients usually present with [[Pain Assessment|pain]], pathological [[fracture]], a palpable lump or local mass effect. Hypergl
== Medical Management ==
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...st’. It is found that up to 32-73% of youth athletes are affected by wrist pain from overuse injuries<ref name=":1" />, and 15% of which involves the grow
...the distal radius growth plate and over dorsal rim radius often reproduce pain. Patients often report symptoms being aggravated by weight-bearing activiti
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.... 2014 Jun 30;26(6). Available from: Walker J. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of osteomalacia. Nursing older people. 2014 Jun 30;26(6).(last accessed 26.
...uscle pains. A waddling gait may be present due to muscle weakness and hip pain. A [[fracture]] may be the first presenting sign<ref name=":0" />. Bony def
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...ably facet joints, spinal muscles, and ligaments. [[Low Back Pain|Low back pain]] is a major clinical and socioeconomic burden in the global health sector
...page focuses on the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of LSPS and pain arising from pathology involving the intervertebral disc.<ref name=":0">Pat
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Groin pain including [[Groin Strain|groin strains]] are common among athletes who part
...groin pain adds up to the complexities surrounding the diagnosis of groin pain.<ref name=":0" />
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...sk Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders describes Neck pain as "pain located in the anatomical region of the neck with or without radiation to t
...P, Beneka A, Karagiannidis A, Godolias G, Assessment of patients with neck pain: a review of definitions, selection criteria, and measurement tools; Journa
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...nition.htm</nowiki></ref>This is termed as intermittent claudication. Rest pain can also occur in severe conditions and can hamper the [[Activities of Dail
...tional capacity of an individual. Hence, it is important to categorise the pain as claudication so that one can come to a definite diagnosis and treat it a
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== Multidimensionality of Pain ==
...Chronic Pain Management. Published online. 2011. Available at: www.change.pain.com</ref><br>
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[[File:Pain experience.png|thumb|Pain experience]]
...related to sensitivity of peripheral pain receptors and variability in CNS pain processing. Reasons for this include:
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...ross over the second, creating tenosynovitis. This is typically noted as a pain just proximal and dorsal to the radial styloid, or also noted anatomically
The presentation is typically one that the patient complains of pain or tenderness over the dorsal aspect of the wrist proximal to the radial st
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.../S2173580821000663?via%3Dihub#bib0105 Spinal cord stimulation: beyond pain management]. Neurología (English Edition). 2022 Sep 1;37(7):586-95.</ref>
...N, Menovsky T, Vanneste S. Burst spinal cord stimulation for limb and back pain. World neurosurgery. 2013 Nov 1;80(5):642-9.</ref>
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...il S. [https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/16/1/26/2463139 Rib fracture management]. Bja Education. 2016 Jan 1;16(1):26-32.</ref>. This condition is of clini
...thology of rib fracture is associated with decreased chest movement due to pain. This further reduces the tidal volume and may predispose to significant [[
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...axter's nerve entrapment. However, it's an often-overlooked source of heel pain.<ref name=":0">Stephen Offutt DP, Patrick DeHeer DP. How to address Baxters
* A sharp, radiating pain worse at night and after physical activity (such as walking).<ref name=":2"
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At any given site, a history of pain or abnormal sensation commonly precedes the onset of motor symptoms. Abnorm
...the involvement of both extremities.<ref name=":0" /> Some patients report pain and discomfort in the affected extremity.<ref name=":1" />
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...omfort caused by coronary artery disease. Pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the center of the chest. Can also feel discomfort in the neck, jaw, shou
...be accompanied by other symptoms (such as nausea, shortness of breath, or pain in the neck, shoulder, jaw, arm, or back). Angina pectoris typically occurs
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...w that chronic pain in children and adolescents is a predictor for chronic pain in adults.<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" />
== Pain ==
9 KB (1,319 words) - 00:48, 25 January 2023
...muscle function. It is commonly seen in rehabilitation setting actions as management for increased tone or spasticity. In some cases, It is used for children wi
...etal pain, [[headache]], [[fibromyalgia]] and [[Myofascial pain|myofascial pain syndrome.]]<ref>See S, Ginzburg R. Choosing a skeletal muscle relaxant. Ame
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* Back pain/headaches
...he time of consultation and uses a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to measure pain, systemic symptoms, and functional impact; and a 5-point scale to measure b
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...t and extension-rotation test) is a provocative test useful for diagnosing pain related to [[Facet Joint Syndrome|facet joint pathology]], e.g. [[osteoarth
# The test is considered positive when the patient reports [[Pain Assessment|pain]], numbness or tingling in the area concerned.<ref>Radiopedia Kemp Test Ava
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...tion sense on the same side from damage to the dorsal column and a loss of pain and temperature sensation (hemianaesthesia) contralateral to the lesion owi
* Contralateral loss of [[Pain Assessment|pain]] and temperature sensations below the level of the lesion<ref>Wright R, Si
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Zika, physical therapy, joint pain, Guatemala<br>
...ive findings included fever, mosquito bites, and decreased movement due to pain. Pt was referred on to physician for further diagnostic testing for underly
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...and move around in the joint, and can result into catching and subsequent pain. These defects does not heal as with bone, but are instead filled with scar
* Pain in the joint
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For caregivers to assess the pain experience of people with end-stage [[dementia]] who are non-verbal.
...under reported in the dementia population. In the absence of self-reported pain, caregivers and clinicians must rely on their observation and the knowledge
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...ttern the patient will present with shallow short breathing pattern due to pain. It is an injury affect the muscles between two or more ribs<ref name=":0">
...nnis ball.<ref>Tran H. [https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/upper-back-pain/causes-intercostal-muscle-strain Causes of Intercostal Muscle Strain]. Spin
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...ptoms often follow a [[Dermatomes|dermatomal]] distribution, and can cause pain and numbness that wraps around to the front of your body..
* Symptoms of radiculopathy vary by location but frequently include pain, weakness, numbness and tingling.
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...eat soft tissue, mobilise joints, stretch tight muscles and fascia, reduce pain and improve circulation and lymphatic drainage.<ref name=":0">Thomas E, Cav
== Evidence for Muscle Energy Technique in the Management of Pelvic Girdle Dysfunction ==
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...Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case–control study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2019 Jul 1
Most commonly neck pain arises from poor posture on the bike or a poor bike fit. This includes[[Fil
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...ool to screen for [[Assessment and Management of Concussion|assessment and management of concussion]] with children aged from 5 to 12.<ref name=":0">Echemendia R
...creening tool for [[Assessment and Management of Concussion|assessment and management of concussion]] in younger population, though the diagnosis of a concussion
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...ng in patella tendinopathy, but it is also a key symptom in patellofemoral pain. By looking at the patient's entire clinical picture, the correct diagnosis
When tendons act as springs (e.g. the patella tendon during jumping), tendon pain can be related to overload. It is important to understand the different loa
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...It refers to an abnormal pattern of walking secondary to [[Pain Behaviours|pain]] that ultimately causes a limp, whereby the stance phase is shortened rela
...ditions can improve with [[Treatment‐based classification approach to neck pain|treatment]].<ref name=":2">Healthline Antalgic gait Available: https://www.
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...not have high diagnostic accuracy but a combination with other sacroiliac pain provocation tests gives valid evidence for sacroiliac dysfunction. <br>The
.... 1998 Aug;11(4):341-5.</ref><ref name="Vier">P Vercellini. Chronic pelvic pain. Wiley-Blackwell 2011: 118-119</ref>
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...Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)] due to its success in pain control.
...ticles/PMC2498262/ Transcutaneous electrical stimulation for postoperative pain.] Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 1985 Mar;67(2):127.</
11 KB (1,540 words) - 15:23, 26 September 2020
...nt with elbow epicondylitis, which followed a two-week treatment. All case management during this time has been carried out with an approach based in The Lateral
Tendinopathy, Manual therapy, Eccentric, Visual analogic scale (VAS), Pain free grip strength ( PFGS)
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*Pain or discomfort in the groin, especially when lifting, coughing, or bending<r
*Men can experience pain and swelling in the scrotum<ref name="Mayo" />
7 KB (1,010 words) - 02:53, 23 December 2022
..., all of which are potential origins for [[Back Pain Functional Scale|back pain]].<ref name=":0">Lindsey T, Dydyk AM. Spinal osteoarthritis. StatPearls [In
...is commonly accompanied by referred pain. The distribution of a patient's pain depends on the location of the pathology.
10 KB (1,357 words) - 03:28, 3 September 2023
...alsma, Stacey. "Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Considerations in Pelvic Pain" ''Journal of Osteopathic Medicine'', vol. 119, no. 11, 2019, pp. e42-e43.
...):644-652.https://journalofprolotherapy.com/sacroiliac-201-dysfunction-and-management-a-biomechanical-solution/</ref>
5 KB (662 words) - 03:06, 20 November 2021
* Medical Management
* Crucial in Acute Burns Management: Medical team to lead on this
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...ed coccyx]. The Back Pain Authority. Available from: https://www.cure-back-pain.org/fractured-coccyx.html (last accessed 4.12.2019)</ref>
...ould be read alongside our [[Coccygodynia (Coccydynia, Coccalgia, Tailbone Pain)|Coccydynia]] page. Coccydynia is a term used to describe a painful coccyx.
9 KB (1,281 words) - 10:15, 20 May 2022
...name=":0">Johnson MI. The physiology of the sensory dimensions of clinical pain. Physiotherapy. 1997 Oct 1;83(10):526-36.</ref>
...</ref><ref>Pezet S, McMahon SB. Neurotrophins: mediators and modulators of pain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci.. 2006 Jul 21;29:507-38..</ref>
10 KB (1,282 words) - 12:56, 7 September 2023
...nd especially persistent pain. <ref>Griensven HV, Storng J, Unruh AM. Pain - A Textbook for Health Professionals. 2nd ed. Churchill Livingston, Elsevi
...supportive measures in place. <ref>Griensven HV, Storng J, Unruh AM. Pain - A Textbook for Health Professionals. 2nd ed. Churchill Livingston, Elsevi
13 KB (2,028 words) - 21:25, 2 October 2018
...abs/pii/S0953620523000973<nowiki/>(accessed 4.5.2024)</ref>. Diagnosis and management of vasovagal syncope is hard as the differential diagnoses are manyfold. In
* Pain
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...] affecting the central nervous system (CNS)<ref name=":0" />. Neuropathic pain in the general population is estimated to have a prevalence ranging between
...hamedpress.org/content/15/suppl_2/24.full Future directions in neuropathic pain therapy: closing the translational loop]. The oncologist. 2010 May 1;15(Sup
10 KB (1,366 words) - 13:16, 6 January 2022
...een reported that about 20% of patients will have some degree of articular pain or joint effusion <ref name="hill">Hill CE, McKee L. Osteopoikilosis:
..., Shah NZ, Mohanty T. Case Report of Osteopoikilosis: Sparse Cause of Bone Pain and Mimicker of Metastasis on Radiographs. J Orthop Case Rep. 2021 Mar;11(3
6 KB (883 words) - 22:03, 29 October 2023
...ncing an increase in clinical significance due to its role in [[shoulder]] pain and upper limb weakness.<ref name=":0">Kostretzis L, Theodoroudis I, Boutsi
...to the neck. Cross-body adduction and internal rotation may increase pain. Pain will not be present if nerve injury is distal to spinoglenoid notch. Almost
7 KB (1,010 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...use in physiotherapy relates to the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal and pain disorders, and sport rehabilitation. <ref name=":0" /> Some commonly treate
* Low back pain
4 KB (465 words) - 11:02, 11 April 2024
== Pain ==
...itization https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1698#Pain] (accessed 16 April 2022). </ref>
8 KB (1,132 words) - 21:35, 23 March 2023
...en is by using scales of various facial expressions, and associating their pain level to a similar face.
...pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23283256/ The Wong-Baker Pain FACES Scale Measures Pain, Not Fear.] Pediatric Emergency Care. 2013:29(1):17-20. </ref>
8 KB (1,266 words) - 12:21, 5 November 2022
.../articles/PMC3445210/ Influence of the hip on patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review]. Sports health. 2011 Sep;3(5):455-65.Availab
...al Knee-Based Strengthening More Effective in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?] A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Orthopaedic Journal of S
7 KB (969 words) - 09:58, 24 January 2022
== Pain Self-Efficacy Explained ==
[[File:Pain beliefs.jpeg|thumb|Personal Pain Beliefs]]
8 KB (1,155 words) - 10:47, 26 July 2023
...cal & Post‐op Management of Cervical Spine Stenosis|Surgical & Post-op Management of Cervical Spinal Stenosis]]
*[[Chronic Low Back Pain|Chronic Low Back Pain ]]
5 KB (748 words) - 13:01, 1 March 2022
...in adolescent athletes <ref name=":1">Morgan Jr RC, Crawford AH. Surgical management of tarsal coalition in adolescent athletes. Foot & ankle. 1986 Dec;7(3):183
...isrupt the coalition, causing the coalition itself to become painful. This pain is often initially diagnosed as an ankle sprain, although it is not allevia
8 KB (1,130 words) - 15:07, 3 July 2022
* Trigeminal distribution pain
...loss or ringing in the ears ([[tinnitus]]) , [[ataxia]], trigeminal nerve pain, nausea and vomiting.<ref name=":0" />
5 KB (714 words) - 20:21, 29 December 2020
...is complaining of a 5 month history of neck pain with associated left arm pain and paraesthesia. I first started seeing the patient at approximately 2 mon
...e patient was concerned about the lack of progress and the duration of her pain was getting her down. She reported that she would like to be investigated f
2 KB (411 words) - 11:26, 10 June 2015
...ief validated tool, designed to screen primary care patients with low back pain for prognostic indicators that are relevant to initial decision making <ref
Primary care patients with low back pain <ref name="Keele University" />.
6 KB (906 words) - 11:34, 28 August 2023
...can occur towards the side of pain (ipsilateral) or away from the side of pain (contralateral). It is most visible when the patient is standing and correc
...., & Donelson, R. (2008). Evidence-informed management of chronic low back pain with the McKenzie method. ''The spine journal : official journal of the Nor
6 KB (956 words) - 17:40, 27 June 2023
...500/ Reliability of measures of impairments associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome.] BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2006 Dec 1;7(1):33.</ref>
* Gluteus minimus tendinopathy often results in [[Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome]] (GTPS).
6 KB (814 words) - 05:39, 30 January 2024
...nifestations and no motor deficits. In this condition, the patient reports pain over the distal radial forearm associated with paresthesia over the dorsal
...d be mindful that this may also be positive in patients with more proximal pain generators, such as a lateral antebrachial cutaneous neuritis.<ref name="al
9 KB (1,295 words) - 00:29, 2 August 2021
...0;injury: a systematic review. Conservative versus surgical management of elbow medial ulnar collateral ligament injury: a systematic review.] Ort
...bow ulnar collateral ligament injuries in throwing athletes: diagnosis and management]. The Journal of Hand Surgery. 2022 Mar 1;47(3):266-73.</ref>. The distal a
9 KB (1,226 words) - 14:33, 26 February 2023
...through the foramen magnum probably accounts for the most common symptom, pain.
Pain in neck or headache made worse by coughing or the valsalva manoeuvre are su
6 KB (836 words) - 16:24, 12 March 2022
...majority of people the TMJ adapts to the disc position and rarely produces pain from being in a different position. <ref>Poluha RL, Canales GD, Costa YM, G
....gov/pmc/articles/PMC6322638/ Distribution of depression, somatization and pain-related impairment in patients with chronic temporomandibular disorders.] J
11 KB (1,471 words) - 17:56, 4 November 2021
...juries are an uncommon clinical entity poorly described in the literature. Management of triceps [[Tendinopathy|tendinopathies]] depends on the mechanism of inju
...vely with [[Load Management|rest]], [[Cryotherapy|ice]], immobilization, [[Pain Medications|nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]], and physical therapy.
9 KB (1,190 words) - 13:16, 6 January 2022
'''Medical Management'''
..., Birnkrant DJ, Case LE, Clemens PR, Cripe L, Kaul A, et al. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Lancet Neurol . 2010;9:77-93. http://www.ny
7 KB (894 words) - 07:18, 5 March 2022
...h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2676775/ Functional and chronic anorectal and pelvic pain disorders]. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 2008 Sep 1;37(3):685
...sensation because the intermittent, infrequent, and short duration of the pain associated with proctalgia fugax make identifying its mechanism difficult.
9 KB (1,323 words) - 21:20, 26 June 2023
...ort with sharp cramps in the lower left quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal pain normally occurs in the morning or after eating and is relieved by evacuatio
...wo or more of the following: <ref name="Mayo Clinic 2017" /> Improved pain with defecation; Altered frequency of defecation; Altered consistency of st
8 KB (1,088 words) - 07:16, 28 January 2023
...9-2002. The study aimed to compare medical management alone versus medical management with LVRS as treatment for severe emphysema. NETT involved 1, 218 randomize
* Formulation of appropriate preoperative management/ exercise training program
6 KB (723 words) - 18:39, 11 April 2020
...d SICK. (Scapular malposition, Inferior medial border prominence, Coracoid pain and malposition, and DysKinesis of scapular motion)<ref>López-Vidriero E,
=== Physiotherapy Management ===
4 KB (590 words) - 15:48, 27 July 2023
...includes cough, expectoration, [[Fever|a rise in body temperature]], chest pain or [[Dyspnoea|dyspnea]].
== Physiotherapy and Other Management ==
5 KB (621 words) - 03:18, 25 December 2022
...re intended to improve quality of life, slow down deterioration or relieve pain. NPI also reduce health costs reduced and have minimal environmental impa
...accessed 30.12.2022)</ref> See [[Lifestyle Medicine for Health and Disease Management]]
10 KB (1,337 words) - 11:12, 31 December 2022
...es Tendon]].<ref name=":2">Alfredson H, Cook J, Silbernagel K, Karlsson J. Pain in the Achilles region. In: Brukner P, Bahr R, Blair S, Cook J, Crossley K,
...of pump-style shoes can create pressure that aggravates the posterior heel pain and swelling), and "winter heel".<ref name=":0" />
12 KB (1,705 words) - 06:27, 8 August 2022
...uma arising from pregnancy, ceaseran section or [[Pregnancy Related Pelvic Pain|pregnancy]] termination<br>
== Management / Interventions ==
6 KB (807 words) - 10:35, 1 June 2022
People with [[Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)|Complex Regional pain syndrome]] may exhibit abnormal sensation throughout all or part of the aff
Hypersensitivity because of abnormal pain processing
5 KB (717 words) - 17:13, 19 July 2021
Rib fractures are most often treated with [[Pain Medications|pain management]] and [[Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises|breathing exercises]] to prevent
The most common symptom of rib fractures is pain with touch, taking a deep breath, sneezing, or coughing. As these fractures
8 KB (1,060 words) - 14:00, 29 January 2024
...mbulating with an assistive device and pain management. Outcome is reduced pain, increase in strength & range of motion independent with walking aid.
...tear Referred for physiotherapy in April 2015 for strengthening & pain management.
8 KB (1,186 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...alve of a vein within the pelvic region is also associated with PCS due to pain occuring from venous distension and congestion <ref name="goodman" />.
...re, it is the cause of about 10-15% of referrals to gynecologists or other pain related clinics <ref name="PCS">Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS). http
11 KB (1,590 words) - 12:02, 25 October 2020
...he box at alternative methods? <ref>Griensven HV, Strong J, Unruh AM. Pain: A Textbook for Health Professionals. 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, Elsevi
...and perceptions and social experience, therefore when treating persistent pain that is as complex as this, are 10-15 minutes of 'hands on' treatment going
10 KB (1,612 words) - 03:51, 31 July 2023
...tps://www.cureus.com/articles/183919-advancements-in-restless-leg-syndrome-management-a-review-of-physiotherapeutic-modalities-and-their-efficacy#!/ A Review of
== Management of Restless Leg Syndrome ==
6 KB (853 words) - 12:54, 10 December 2023
...al cord by coupling with G-proteins to both alter synaptic transmission at pain pathways and to decrease neuronal excitability via the inhibition of cyclic
...r durations, which permits longer periods of analgesic effects to suppress pain pathways.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Epidural administration is perh
6 KB (886 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...oint. Any patient presenting with AC joint or superior [[Shoulder|shoulder pain]] should be evaluated for distal clavicular osteolysis.<ref name=":0">Evans
...on.<ref name=":1">DeFroda SF, Nacca C, Waryasz GR, Owens BD. Diagnosis and management of distal clavicle osteolysis. Orthopedics. 2017 Mar 1;40(2):119-24.</ref>
10 KB (1,388 words) - 14:25, 13 February 2023
# Pain;-Aching type of pain lasting for more time than in case of a simple muscle contusion.
...lowing signs & symptoms may be noted<ref name=":02">Kary JM. Diagnosis and management of quadriceps strains and contusions. Current reviews in musculoskeletal me
7 KB (978 words) - 09:40, 24 October 2021
== Management / Interventions ==
...e wasting, increased falls risk due to loss of neurological coordination, pain, [[Fatigue Severity Scale|fatigue]], inflammation, isolation and depression
5 KB (685 words) - 14:03, 16 December 2022
...ith the control and the velocity that he achieved before the injury due to pain and numbness. It’s also called '''recurrent transient subluxation of the
...nt of structures lying in the front of the shoulder joint, which result in pain an the inability to throw.
9 KB (1,434 words) - 09:20, 5 February 2023
...uce stress] Available: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/relaxation-technique/art-20045368 (accessed 8.12.2021)</ref>
* Reducing muscle tension and [[Chronic Pain and the Brain|chronic pain]]
8 KB (1,170 words) - 11:00, 12 December 2021
...A.M. and Thoder, J.J., 2018. Forearm compartment syndrome: evaluation and management. ''Hand clinics'', ''34''(1), pp.53-60.</ref>.
...J, Haddad B, Khan WS. Suppl 1: the pathophysiology, diagnosis and current management of acute compartment syndrome. The open orthopaedics journal. 2014;8:185.</
11 KB (1,559 words) - 09:55, 28 March 2022
...th legitimate prescribed for them. eg A patient needing [[Pain Medications|pain medication]] after surgery. When patients take their medications in ways th
* Increased dose required for pain relief
7 KB (901 words) - 02:52, 10 April 2022
...expert clinicians to address the gap between evidence and practice in the management of Achilles Tendinopathy. The original toolkit was produced in April 2012,
...e’ refers primarily to the stage with the cardinal signs of heat, redness, pain, swelling and loss of function and a very recent onset of symptoms.
6 KB (782 words) - 13:35, 25 April 2023
...may vary. During an attack of palindromic rheumatism, symptoms may include pain, swelling, stiffness, tenderness, and redness in and around the joints(call
== Management ==
7 KB (908 words) - 21:25, 9 January 2024
Internal disc disruption (IDD) is a common cause of disabling low back pain (LBP) in young, healthy adults. Internal disc disruption is a distortion of
...:0">Simon J, McAuliffe M, Shamim F, Vuong N, Tahaei A. Discogenic low back pain. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics. 2014 May 1;25(2):305-17.</re
11 KB (1,640 words) - 12:12, 1 December 2022
...n, a Comprehensive Review: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019 Mar 11;23(3):23. doi: 10.1007/s11916-019-0757-1. PMID: 3
...efinitions and physiology of back pain, referred pain, and radicular pain. PAIN 147 (2009) 17–19</ref>
14 KB (2,077 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
* Sharp, jabbing, throbbing, freezing, or burning pain
* Neuromatous or causalgia pain
6 KB (841 words) - 13:31, 4 May 2023
* Infra patella knee pain<ref name=":1" />
...ristics of the pain, alleviating and aggravating factors, any radiation of pain, and the severity of symptoms.
10 KB (1,412 words) - 11:38, 5 January 2023
.... While the pharmacological action of analgesics and their use in treating pain with and without anti-inflammatory effect is well established, their effect
...educing the activation of [[Cerebrum|higher brain structures]] involved in pain and cognitive/affective processing.
6 KB (772 words) - 05:54, 15 August 2022
...ipital neuralgia (C2 neuralgia) presents with paroxysmal shooting/stabbing pain in the dermatomes of the occipital nerves<ref name=":3">Choi I, Jeon SR. [h
...pillow sign" may be present. This sign occurs when the patient experiences pain when the patient hyperextends or rotates their neck while lying with their
5 KB (739 words) - 10:46, 27 March 2023
...test. This is a pain provacation test of the hip for assessing lateral hip pain for [[Gluteal Tendinopathy|gluteal tendinopathy]].
...s00167-020-06354-1 Pathogenesis and Contemporary Diagnoses for Lateral Hip Pain: A Scoping Review.]” ''Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy'',
4 KB (608 words) - 19:57, 4 July 2023
...ct.com/science/article/pii/S1356689X05000214 Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests.] Manual
...M. [https://europepmc.org/article/med/8073316 The reliability of selected pain provocation tests for sacroiliac joint pathology]. Spine. 1994 Jun;19(11):1
6 KB (933 words) - 22:08, 31 January 2021
...individualized physiotherapy in patients with long-lasting musculoskeletal pain–a randomized controlled trial. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2016 Dec;17
...reatment, all these elements are considered in order to achieve effective management.
8 KB (1,079 words) - 17:19, 30 November 2021
...ased mobility (especially rotation), sometimes accompanied by neck pain or pain in body areas distant from the neck (eyes, temples, throat, ears, nose, sh
...straight off postural and gait changes, decompensations, and kinetic chain pain<ref>Chaitow L, Gilbert C, Bradley D. [https://www.nielasher.com/blogs/video
7 KB (931 words) - 22:06, 21 March 2023
...arly magnetic resonance imaging in acute, work-related, disabling low back pain.] Spine. 2013 Oct 15;38(22):1939-46.</ref>''':'''
* Patient expectations/requests, and the need to find proof that their pain is real
3 KB (398 words) - 18:35, 21 March 2024
== Management ==
The main treatment is symptomatic management of the patient.<ref name=":0" /> Laser therapy is effective in the treatmen
5 KB (635 words) - 09:40, 5 March 2022
...otential of animal models for advancing the understanding and treatment of pain in Parkinson’s disease. ''npj Parkinsons Dis.'' 2020;6(1).</ref>
...e. It manifested medially, and was sharp on initial movement. Although the pain is not always severe, it is painful enough to reduce his enjoyment of walki
4 KB (568 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...ord.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12891-019-2718-6.pdf Plantar heel pain in middle-aged and older adults: population prevalence, associations with h
...not well understood which causes uncertainty regarding the most effective management thereof, making the condition difficult to effectively treat.<ref name=":0"
13 KB (1,894 words) - 11:28, 18 August 2022
...pport the treatment of [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] through interventions aimed at the thoracic spine and the hip joints. 
...treating patients with [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Low_Back_Pain Low Back Pain] be sure to perform [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Lumbar_Examinati
8 KB (1,132 words) - 12:03, 2 August 2021
...Cervical Rib. Healthily. Available from https://www.livehealthily.com/neck-pain/cervical-rib [last accessed 05/11/2020]</ref> that forms above [[First Rib|
.../B9780443067167000670 "Case 67 - Cervical ribs"], ''100 Challenging Spinal Pain Syndrome Cases (Second Edition)'', Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, pp. 3
8 KB (1,140 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...xternal rotators or more noticeably in the deltoid if the case in chronic. Pain can be worse at night, and patients are almost always point tender at the Q
...of the QS and axillary nerve can be a positive diagnostic criteria if the pain is abolished. <ref name=":0">Lindsay F. [http://bonefix.co.nz/portals/160/i
11 KB (1,501 words) - 22:00, 19 November 2021
...nee arthroplasty]] (7.8%), experimental effusion (4.3%), experimental knee pain (4.3%), meniscectomy /meniscal repair (4.3%), general knee injury (3.5%), [
== Management / Interventions ==
4 KB (557 words) - 23:21, 25 March 2024
...and ancient Egyptians, Arthritis describes a set of symptoms that includes pain, stiffness, and joint deformities after an inflammatory process. The destru
* [[Mechanical low back pain]]/[[Mechanical Neck Pain|mechanical neck pain]]
13 KB (1,837 words) - 11:53, 23 October 2023
...fied by Kim and Azum suggesting that injury to the labrum may lead to pain in the hip.<ref name="Kim">Kim YT, Azuma H. The nerve endings of the acetab
...e anterior hip and groin pain. Patients may also complain of buttock pain. At times there is a complaint of clicking (most common), giving way
6 KB (899 words) - 02:42, 14 July 2019
...with individuals with DHS and ALS. Individuals may also struggle with neck pain and impairment in ADLs such as dressing, eating, showering, etc.
* [[Parkinson's - Physiotherapy Management and Interventions|Parkinson disease]]
7 KB (917 words) - 19:25, 23 April 2021
...s, Perry, N.; Turk, Dennis C. 2007 The biopsychosocial approach to chronic pain: Scientific advances and future directionsfckLR Psychological Bulletin, Vol
...mponents comprising the experience of [[Chronic pain and the brain|chronic pain]].
10 KB (1,395 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
* Lateral elbow pain, aggravted by activity and eased with rest<ref name=":1">John Hopkins Medic
== Management / Interventions ==
5 KB (693 words) - 13:33, 14 October 2022
...ih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5737342/ Osteitis pubis: a rare cause of suprapubic pain]. Reviews in urology. 2017;19(3):156. Available:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
* Osteitis pubis is a rare cause of groin pain but is more common in athletic patients, specifically soccer players, runne
9 KB (1,252 words) - 14:18, 1 September 2023
...proach has emerged as a cost-effective way to manage individuals with neck pain.
...tion system for patients receiving physical therapy interventions for neck pain]. Phys Ther. 2007;87(5):513-24</ref> validated this classification system b
7 KB (963 words) - 11:49, 15 November 2023
...identify patients who are likely to have poor prognosis following low back pain surgery. But it has been misused and misinterpreted, clinically and medico-
...ed physical as well as psychosocial and behavioral management for low back pain.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Ranney D. A proposed neuroanatomical basis of Waddell
6 KB (868 words) - 23:41, 31 January 2021
...likely to be caused by serious underlying pathology than neck or low back pain.
* Thoracic spine pain often has a musculoskeletal origin related to poor posture or overuse injur
7 KB (955 words) - 10:57, 17 October 2023
* Pain, ecchymosis, and edema may be present around the finger and palm
* Severe pain in the palm just before the base of the finger may be a sign of a Type 1 ru
9 KB (1,407 words) - 19:54, 10 April 2022
...betes] Available:https://www.nps.org.au/australian-prescriber/articles/the-management-of-type-2-diabetes (accessed 26.9.2021)</ref>
...nce of [[Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)|ischaemic heart disease]] or [[Foot Pain|foot]] problems.<ref name=":0" />
4 KB (582 words) - 06:52, 8 February 2023
* No C-spine management required
== Pain Management ==
8 KB (1,122 words) - 18:41, 23 November 2022
...lization, peripheralization, has also been described, as the phenomenon of pain (originating from the spine) spreading distally into the limb. <ref name="
...r prognosis, <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":4" /> or the determination of a management strategy. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":6" /> <ref name=":7" />
13 KB (1,757 words) - 08:56, 29 April 2022
...Brain Anatomy|brain]] to be processed to accentuate the possible perceived pain, or attenuate it at the spinal cord itself. <ref name=":0" />
...m/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1134 Gate Control Theory of Pain]. In: Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Cham: Springer International Pub
12 KB (1,810 words) - 02:24, 30 April 2022
...daches into primary, secondary, Painful cranial neuropathies, other facial pain and other headaches outlined below:
=== Painful Cranial Neuropathies, Other Facial Pain and Other Headaches ===
10 KB (1,347 words) - 08:55, 1 August 2023
...truyf F, Lluch E, Falla D, Meeus M, Noten S, Nijs J. Influence of shoulder pain on muscle function: implications for the assessment and therapy of shoulder
...000181.</ref> approach to the assessment of individuals with [[Subacromial Pain Syndrome|rotator cuff and subacromial pathology]]. SSMP is a set of four me
7 KB (1,027 words) - 15:02, 1 December 2022
...t phase is distinguished by complex treatment decisions, difficult symptom management, numerous psychosocial issues and often overlooked inner distress.<ref name
...role in geriatric palliative care focusing on eg. [[Pain Assessment|Pain]] management, [[Strength Training|strengthening]] when possible, [[Energy Conservation T
4 KB (626 words) - 18:36, 5 November 2023
...sations following an amputation that should be discussed when referring to pain following amputation. Some of them are extremely painful and terribly unple
== Why Does Pain Occur? ==
10 KB (1,407 words) - 09:57, 6 October 2023
Normal foot shape can be deviated by congenital or acquired [[Foot Pain|foot]] deformities. If the cause of deformity is not treated, this could le
...y a painful callused protrusion that is tender under pressure. Due to this pain, the normal rolling mechanism of the foot is disturbed and patients instinc
9 KB (1,325 words) - 21:03, 27 January 2022
...text-article-ORR (accessed 12.1.2023)</ref> It usually results in shoulder pain with decreased range of motion. Diagnosis is made by shoulder x-rays, with
... <ref name="Gimblett">Gimblett P, Saville J, Ebrall P. A conservative management protocol for calcific tendinitis of the shoulder. Journal Of Manipulative A
8 KB (1,038 words) - 09:53, 12 January 2023
...suitable for physiotherapy management. When managing individuals with neck pain clinicians should consider implementing approaches based on risk, impairmen
...l trial of exercise and spinal manipulation for patients with chronic neck pain. Spine. 2001;26:788–797. discussion 798–799</ref>. The identificatio
14 KB (2,064 words) - 11:48, 15 November 2023
...Body-mindfulness in physiotherapy for the management of long-term chronic pain. Physical therapy reviews. 2008 Feb 1;13(1):45-56.</ref>
...interventions reduce pain intensity? A critical review of the literature. Pain Medicine. 2013;14(2):230-42.</ref>A state of mindfulness begins by acceptin
9 KB (1,315 words) - 22:03, 10 April 2024
*Body Function and structure- Phantom sensation and pain; muscle waist occurred;
...tanding position. <br>Main problem was stamp pain, occasionally lower back pain, and mild gait issues which result in lateral track movement and abduction
6 KB (862 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...s/by-sa/4.0</nowiki>)]]The signs and symptoms of PKD, eg [[Pain Behaviours|pain]], [[Hypertension|high blood pressure]], and kidney failure, which are basi
* Episodes of acute renal pain are seen quite often due to cyst hemorrhage, infection, stone, and, rarely,
8 KB (1,236 words) - 06:54, 8 February 2023
...ated behavioral approach for the targeted management of disabling low back pain.] Physical therapy. 2018 May;98(5):408-23. </ref>
...in and the Brain|chronic pain]], and have negative pain beliefs, including pain hypervigilance, negative self-efficacy, and negative psychological, emotion
11 KB (1,583 words) - 13:21, 25 March 2024
Pain is usually referred around the ear, but can also refer nearby into the neck
[[Image:Long capitis pain referral.png|150x150px]]
7 KB (1,049 words) - 00:22, 26 November 2023
...and analgesic agents. These effects make NSAIDs useful for treating muscle pain, dysmenorrhea, arthritic conditions, pyrexia, gout, and migraines<ref name=
...(NSAIDs) are the most well recognized drugs worldwide for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and fever .<ref>Sinha M, Gautam L, Shukla PK, Kaur P, Sharma
6 KB (805 words) - 06:59, 14 August 2022
...Capitis Muscle Syndrome Available: https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/pain/maxillofacial/splenius-capitis-muscle-syndrome (accessed 3.2.2022)</ref>
...specific spinal levels?] Manual therapy. 2015;20:694-702.</ref> Effective management of this condition should include exercises that focus on activating [[Semis
6 KB (742 words) - 06:19, 3 February 2022
* Pain over the lateral joint line
* Pain at the back of the knee
11 KB (1,555 words) - 18:43, 17 March 2023
...l Diagnosis and Physical Therapy Management of a Patient With Radial Wrist Pain of 6 Months’ Duration: A Case Report; journal of orthopaedic sports physi
...1st extensor compartment. The test is positive if the patient complains of pain over the 1st extensor compartment of the wrist.
6 KB (947 words) - 04:33, 31 March 2022
...omatic ankle arthrosis who have joints so severely damaged that usual pain management techniques fail are candidates for arthrodesis. Once conservative measures
== Physical Therapy Management ==
5 KB (720 words) - 12:37, 23 August 2019
...tion. <ref name=":0">C. Brownlie. Bennett Fracture Dislocation: Review and Management; Australian Family Physician vol 40, No. 6, June 2011</ref>
...of the location of the injury. Bennett fractures are associated with pain and weakness of the pinch grasp and swelling and ecchymosis over the c
9 KB (1,228 words) - 17:27, 1 July 2020
...more stress on the fascial system. Fascial dysfunction is associated with pain, stiffness, tissue fatigue and reduced performance and function.<ref>Goldfe
==== Pain ====
9 KB (1,189 words) - 04:01, 29 October 2023
*Pain''(most common symptom) ''<ref name="p1" /><ref name="p2" /><ref name="p3">O
**Less severe night pain when compared to osteoid osteoma
10 KB (1,424 words) - 04:00, 31 July 2019
...how the person walks. See [[Sitting Ergonomics And The Impact on Low Back Pain]]
...l problems.eg causes anterior [[Pelvic Tilt|pelvic tilt]] and a [[Low Back Pain Related to Hyperlordosis|lumber hyperlordosis]]<ref name=":2">POSMC What is
7 KB (1,063 words) - 00:44, 18 January 2022
* [[Exercise and Activity in Pain Management|Analgesics]],
...ise in the early stages of injury rehabilitation, along with the use of [[Pain Medications]] and specific [[Rehabilitation Frameworks|treatments]] tailore
13 KB (1,876 words) - 21:27, 1 April 2024
...ary care physicians, its crucial to know how to differentiate between back pain and silent killers such as AAA.
...o physiotherapy after a sailing incident (2 weeks ago) where he felt sharp pain in his back whilst leaning forward and pulling on a jib sheet. Patient is a
7 KB (1,030 words) - 16:57, 1 February 2021
The neurologic presentation is one of ongoing loss of pain sensation, loss of peripheral [[reflexes]], impairment of vibration and pos
== Management / Interventions ==
7 KB (890 words) - 20:11, 29 June 2023
...which causes difficulty in deglutition, sore throat, and tinnitus. For its management, surgical resection of the ligament is required as it compresses the underl
...e angle of the mandible, submandibular space, and anterior upper neck. The pain may get exacerbated by movements such as speaking, swallowing, yawning, or
4 KB (572 words) - 11:44, 11 January 2022
...o move from the stomach to the duodenum. This typically causes significant pain, nausea and vomiting.
*Night pain from laying flat
11 KB (1,625 words) - 02:56, 10 April 2022
* Pain in the chest or back
...nly caused by a mechanical dysfunction, however, 1-2% of cases of low back pain are caused by non-mechanical spinal disorders or visceral diseases eg abdom
10 KB (1,500 words) - 02:49, 28 September 2021
...potentially significant associated injuries, comorbidities, and inadequate pain control<ref name=":0">Bentley TP, Journey JD. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
...s with inspiration shortness of breath, cough, or hemoptysis. There can be pain to palpation of the anterior chest wall over the sternum with slight bruisi
9 KB (1,311 words) - 05:36, 19 November 2021
...Clinical-Guidelines_practitioner.pdf Clinical Guidelines for Best Practice Management of Acute and Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders: Clinical Resource Guide
*[http://www.jospt.org/doi/pdf/10.2519/jospt.2017.0302 Neck Pain: Revisin 2017 - Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Cl
15 KB (2,156 words) - 14:54, 5 November 2023
...s<ref>Daneshjou K, Jafarieh H, Raaeskarami SR. Congenital insensitivity to pain and anhydrosis (CIPA) syndrome; a report of 4 cases. Iranian journal of ped
...in the TRKA/NGF receptor gene in patients with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis. Nature genetics. 1996 Aug 1;13(4):485-8.</ref>.
7 KB (1,050 words) - 13:30, 24 September 2023
...os, James McLean, Lynn Rader. Physical Medicine Rehabilitation Approach to Pain. Medical Clinics of North America, Volume 91, Issue 1, Pages 57-95. 2007</r
...old standard" psychological treatment for individuals with a wide range of pain problems. It can be used alone or in conjunction with medical or interdisci
14 KB (2,064 words) - 18:09, 22 June 2022
...is to develop physiotherapist’s knowledge and skills in the physiotherapy management of the patient withrespiratory disorders.
=== Pain MSc ===
7 KB (943 words) - 22:07, 28 March 2020
...hetic physiotherapy intervention. Thus far patient has been compliant with management and demonstrates a high level of competence.
[[Amputations|below knee amputation]], phantom pain,, weakness,
prosthesis, high level rehabilitation
6 KB (842 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...1994. (level of evidence 1A)</ref>. However the usual presentation is back pain (over 90% of patients) and possibly fever (under 20% of patients). Patients
*Pain on heelstrike, impactation and percussion
11 KB (1,548 words) - 23:24, 26 November 2022
The Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form (BPI-sf) is a 9 item self-administered questionnaire
pain and the impact of this pain on the patient's daily functioning. The patient is asked to rate their wors
9 KB (1,274 words) - 18:04, 23 July 2023
...les/10.1186/s13037-020-00281-3 Current challenges and controversies in the management of scapular fractures: A review]. Patient Safety in Surgery. 2021 Dec;15(1)
* Localized pain at rest
15 KB (2,081 words) - 13:32, 13 March 2023
...ommons.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1846&context=open_access_pubs Management of elbow osteoarthritis.] JBJS. 2006 Feb 1;88(2):421-30.</ref><ref>Doherty
* This pattern manifests itself as patients' commonly complaining of pain at the end of range of motion for both flexion and extension.
11 KB (1,611 words) - 03:40, 3 September 2023
...The diagnosis is made clinically and it is usually treated by conservative management.
Clinical features are pain in normal activities such as buttoning, rapid swelling.
8 KB (1,245 words) - 10:10, 28 February 2022
...iotherapist are legally responsible for performing accurate assessment and management skills.
...information about patients chief complaint. (Site, nature and duration of pain, Onset, past treatments if any)<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":5">Gaskell L. [
7 KB (908 words) - 13:33, 3 September 2023
...<ref>Werner S. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24997734 Anterior knee pain: an update of physical therapy.] Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthros
...ip muscle strengthening versus quadriceps strengthening for patellofemoral pain: a comparative control trial.] Archives of physical medicine and rehabilita
5 KB (759 words) - 05:17, 1 April 2022
...rd G, Jun D, O’Leary S, Johnston V. Workplace-based interventions for neck pain in office workers: systematic review and meta-analysis. Physical therapy. 2
...emphasizes the need for workplace interventions to reduce and prevent neck pain in office workers, as well as reduce costs and improve productivity.<ref na
10 KB (1,410 words) - 14:36, 29 January 2024
...,%2C%20lower%20back%2C%20and%20thighs.\</ref><ref name=":3">Chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation; 2008 . Available from: https://e
...om person to person in ranging severity, type and perpetuity. CPPS-related pain can spread to the buttocks, lower back, and thighs.<ref name=":1" />
13 KB (1,817 words) - 03:08, 22 March 2022
...uals is sometimes challenging because of their increased [[Pain Behaviours|pain]] tolerance.
* However, the treatment of OA in these populations does not differ from its management in the general population<ref name=":1">Amoako AO, Pujalte GG. [https://www
6 KB (810 words) - 02:21, 7 December 2023
* Gastrointestinal symptoms like pain, nausea, and vomiting. Hypercalcemia can lead to [[Peptic Ulcers|peptic ulc
* Bone related complications like bone pain. Hypercalcemia can lead to [[osteoporosis]], [[osteomalacia]], [[arthritis]
7 KB (1,011 words) - 23:52, 2 April 2022
| align="left" | STarTBack Low Back Pain Screening Questionnaire<br>
| [https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/startback-low-back-pain-screening/id558811431?mt=8&affId=1979521&ign-mpt=uo%3D4 Link]
22 KB (2,820 words) - 19:42, 29 March 2022
...N, Edwards NE, DeCrane S, Hingtgen CM. Neurofibromatosis 1: Diagnosis and Management. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 2014;10(1):30-35.</ref><ref name="Gen
...er">Ferner RE, Huson SM, Thomas N, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. J Med Genet. 2007;44(2):81-8.</ref
8 KB (1,135 words) - 02:29, 6 March 2022
...Tennis elbow] [[Total Hip Replacement|Total Hip Replacement#Physiotherapy management]] ==
...Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology. 2003 Jul 1;69(4):298.</ref> elbow pain often associated with gripping task. It has an estimated prevalence of 1%-
5 KB (629 words) - 19:56, 18 November 2023
...ulses. Syringomyelia predominantly presents with sensory symptoms such as pain and temperature insensitivity.
* Cape-like loss of pain and temperature sensation along the back and arms, known as a ‘suspended
8 KB (1,104 words) - 03:02, 8 May 2022
== Management Team ==
* [[User:Melissa Coetsee|Melissa Coetsee]] - HIV Section Leader, Pain Section Leader, and Global Health Section Leader
3 KB (419 words) - 16:02, 6 May 2024
[[File:Back pain image.jpg|right|frameless]]
...therapist with the aim of treating or preventing [[Low Back Pain|low back pain.]]
9 KB (1,300 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...|chronic pain]] eg idiopathic chronic pain, [[Neuropathic Pain|neuropathic pain]]; and to treat [[Overactive Bladder Syndrome|overactive bladder syndrome
...ameter pain fibers at [[Spinal cord anatomy|spinal cord]] level to inhibit pain transmission.
9 KB (1,310 words) - 10:55, 24 May 2022
...cancer-related fatigue, cognitive impairment, sleep problems, depression, pain, anxiety, and physical dysfunction: a review.] Oncology & hematology review
** Bone pain in the [[Vertebral Fractures in Children and Adolescents|vertebral]] column
10 KB (1,474 words) - 05:40, 27 May 2023
...ling</u>, which results in problems with the movement of the hallux . This pain can be a <u>dull aching type</u> or a <u>sharp throbbing type</u>. This cau
...ined activity is continued. In the case of sesamoiditis of the hallux, the pain is located in the ball of the foot, especially on the medial side. The sesa
9 KB (1,317 words) - 09:52, 14 August 2018
...alization of all muscles and osseous parts<ref name="p4">Cailliet, R. Knee pain and disability. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis company, 1973. 153p. [Level of Evi
...name="p5" /><ref name="p7">Mascal CL, et al. Management of patellofemoral pain targeting hip, pelvis, and trunk muscle function: 2 case reports. J Orthop
10 KB (1,439 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...ee in the direction of the table. During the stretch, the patient may feel pain or discomfort. This test is also named as the [[FAIR test]] (Flexion Adduct
...dition. Missouri: Elsevier Inc., 2014.</ref> In this syndrome, we speak of pain or numbness in the buttock and posterior thigh with occasional radiation in
6 KB (969 words) - 14:45, 7 February 2021
...the cervical spine examination: historical basis and scientific analyses]. Pain Physician. 2003;6:199-205</ref>
...jospt.org/doi/epdf/10.2519/jospt.2000.30.12.728 Diagnosis and nonoperative management of cervical radiculopathy.] J Ortho Sports PT. 2000;30(12):728-744.</ref>
5 KB (689 words) - 00:54, 29 February 2024
...ovlOpyR6rQPoaOg2Ak&scisig=AAGBfm0u2_8SJI1ppGzcX2h5nyVTU_3IDA Diagnosis and Management of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries in Throwers, Current Sports Medicine
'''Step 4.''' Pain, instability and apprehension shows positive sign.
4 KB (521 words) - 12:58, 20 June 2022
...) are hardened deposits of minerals that form in the kidneys and can cause pain as they pass through the urinary tract. Kidney stones do not usually cause
Although some renal stones remain asymptomatic, most will result in pain.
9 KB (1,273 words) - 07:23, 1 April 2022
...h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9344960/ Treatment-based classification for low back pain: systematic review with meta-analysis.] Journal of Manual & Manipulative Th
...apy based on clinical practice guidelines for patients with acute low back pain]. Spine. 2003;28:1363-1372. (Level of evidence 1B)</ref>
19 KB (2,586 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...Abdominal pain; Nausea and vomiting; Constipation; Excessive thirst; Bone pain; Heart rhythm problems (rarely).
== Medical Management ==
8 KB (1,163 words) - 02:50, 3 April 2022
...Burgest S. Simopoulos TC. FAILED BACK SURGERY SYNDROME. Current Therapy in Pain. Elsevier. 2009.</ref>.
...(228) Which chronic back pain patients have arachnoiditis?. The Journal of Pain. 2016 Apr 1;17(4):S32.</ref>. Other symptoms which are experienced by 90% o
12 KB (1,738 words) - 13:15, 17 February 2023
The pain begins when the elbow is subjected to a valgus force, which is bigger than
First sign of injury is sharp pain while throwing the javelin and aching pain at the medial elbow there after that very soon begins to interferes with th
10 KB (1,446 words) - 16:08, 8 April 2022
...cbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4387396/pdf/jtd-07-03-520.pdf Etiology and management of spontaneous haemothorax]. Journal of thoracic disease. 2015 Mar;7(3):520
...in J, Luketich JD, Panacek EA, Sahn SA. AACP Pneumothorax Consensus Group. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: an American College of Chest Physicians Delphi
6 KB (920 words) - 09:20, 8 May 2020
* Pain at rest that involves the hands or feet.
== Management / Interventions<br> ==
6 KB (866 words) - 00:26, 18 September 2021
...-of-the-shoulder<nowiki/>(accessed 22.6.2022)</ref>. It causes significant pain, functional limitation and disability. The loss of shoulder function can le
...CB, Muh SJ. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6209346/ Optimal management of glenohumeral osteoarthritis.] Orthopedic research and reviews. 2018;10:9
14 KB (1,834 words) - 03:25, 3 September 2023
...heel valgus<br>• Palpable pain between medial malleolus and navicular<br>• Pain in the plantar medial arch <br><br>
• Eversion ankle injury<br>• Generalized medial ankle pain<br>• Medial ankle swelling<br>• Flexible, asymmetric pes planus and for
7 KB (1,058 words) - 17:52, 21 September 2020
...|fractures]], [[Osteoarthritis|arthritis]], deformities, [[Pain Behaviours|pain]], and to a patient's weakened condition. Paget's disease is the secon
* [[Pain Assessment|Pain]] involving the bones and joints
10 KB (1,436 words) - 06:04, 26 March 2023
...S, Cook J. [https://www.bodyinmind.org/wp-content/uploads/Rio2013.pdf The pain of tendinopathy: physiological or pathophysiological?]. Sports medicine. 20
...l-Concepts-Conservative-Management Current clinical concepts: conservative management of Achilles tendinopathy]. Journal of athletic training. 2020 May;55(5):438
11 KB (1,630 words) - 22:59, 24 October 2023
...nderstanding of the possible presentation, changes that occur with chronic pain, and the best treatment modalities is essential.
== Changes That Occur With Chronic Cervical Pain ==
14 KB (1,810 words) - 14:13, 22 January 2024
...e others checked on Steven. Steven was awake and alert and reported severe pain in his neck initially followed by an inablility to move his arms and legs.
...ition, he was still unable to move any extremities and complaining of neck pain. He was awake, alert, and oriented to his current location, the date and da
5 KB (778 words) - 01:52, 8 August 2023
The management approach of tennis elbow (TE), also known as Lateral Epicondyle Tendinopath
...exercises are the best management option available to us at the moment, TE management should be centered around exercises<ref name=":1">Dimitrios S. Exercise for
16 KB (2,243 words) - 08:22, 21 September 2023
...and tendon is an important differential diagnosis for calf strains and any pain arising from the proximal posterior aspect of the leg.
== Management ==
6 KB (940 words) - 10:29, 2 July 2020
...fluid retention and excess weight gain; [[headache]]; nausea and vomiting; pain in the upper right or middle of the abdomen; blurry vision; and rarely, nos
...e variable and can include malaise, epigastric and/or right upper quadrant pain, and nausea and vomiting. Some may have non-specific viral-like symptoms. T
8 KB (1,053 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
== Chronic Pain ==
...ts relationship with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)]. Journal of pain research. 2019;12:2487.</ref>
10 KB (1,409 words) - 22:32, 22 January 2023
...ulty in raising the foot upwards; feeling of numbness in the foot; big toe pain; deformities (claw toe or hammertoes).
* Dorsal foot pain
4 KB (494 words) - 14:00, 29 January 2024
...initially good recovery. One week post surgery he experienced significant pain in his right lower leg. He came to the emergency room and was found to have
...limb.<br>The patient demonstrated limited right knee flexion secondary to pain. Transfers required minimal assistance from supine to seated and moderate a
7 KB (1,003 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...possible. This is particularly relevant for patients with acute back pain who are low risk of disbaility.
...d information to promote self-management of their [[Low Back Pain|low back pain.]]
16 KB (2,370 words) - 11:46, 28 August 2023
...Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises.] Pain, 161(9), 1976-1982.</ref> </blockquote>
...ted the new definition for pain, stated above, in 2020. The description of pain continues with the following notes:
17 KB (2,216 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...ith temporomandibular disorder (TMD): challenges and solutions. Journal of pain research. 2018;11:571.</ref>
* Referral area questions (neck pain, dizziness, headaches, migraines or other neurological symptoms)
4 KB (504 words) - 11:29, 10 February 2022
...[Headache|headaches]], a limited range of neck motion, and neck [[muscle]] pain. Importantly, it can also result in [[Spinal Stenosis|spinal stenosis]], ne
* Neck braces and [[Traction for Neck Pain CPR|traction]] may provide symptomatic relief<ref>Radiopedia [https://radio
8 KB (1,099 words) - 01:16, 24 June 2022
...like Physiotherapist who are usually involved right from the onset of SCI management will benefit from specific objective assessment of SCI among older adult
...ociation (ASIA) Standards]] It is important to note that while considering management for spinal cord injury alleviating osteoporosis and sarcopenia, especially
7 KB (1,021 words) - 23:01, 5 April 2021
...us among expert physiotherapists in relation to the management of low back pain.] Musculoskeletal Care. 2008 Dec;6(4):197-210. doi: 10.1002/msc.126. PMID:
5 KB (784 words) - 15:58, 20 November 2022
...d forces to therapist activated forces. OMT is integrated into the overall management strategy of patient care. Reports of patient harm from OMT in the cervical
...(2005). Screening for vertebrobasilar insufficiency in patients with neck pain: manual therapy decision-making in the presence of uncertainty. J Orthop Sp
10 KB (1,439 words) - 21:17, 14 April 2021
...al and physiological pain responses.<ref>Butler D, Moseley L.2015. Explain Pain</ref>
...is K, Murray E, Cherven B, McCracken C, Travers C. Effect of Vibration on Pain Response to Heel Lance: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial. Adv Neonatal Care
6 KB (799 words) - 10:27, 23 December 2022
Mr Jones is a 45 year old male who has persistent low back pain for 5 years.
*Pain radiating from the centre of his spine up to mid thoracic spine VAS 6-7/10
10 KB (1,748 words) - 03:38, 31 July 2023
...ted. Different acronyms have been used throughout the years to guide their management, which evolved from ICE to [[RICE]] and PRICE to [[POLICE Principle|POLICE]
...king these acronyms outdated and inaccurate. eg the use of [[NSAIDs in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis|NSAID]]<nowiki/>s in an acute injury can actually b
7 KB (971 words) - 07:33, 18 January 2024
...entions and enhance outcomes. This page provides an in-depth review of the Pain and Disability Drivers Model, which can be used to assess and treat gunshot
== General Management Principles for Individuals with Gunshot Injuries ==
17 KB (2,269 words) - 12:56, 1 May 2024
...https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187706571401834X Stroke Management: Informal caregivers’ burden and strain of caring for stroke survivors.]
...an J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 52, 3–7</ref> or dysfunction characterized by pain following sexual intercourse<ref>McCool ME, Theurich MA, Apfelbacher C. htt
8 KB (1,104 words) - 21:34, 29 August 2023
...upport.org/learn/ (accessed 29 September, 2020)</ref> It's an intermittent pain of high intensity that is raised by light touch.<ref>Zakrzewska JM, Linskey
...ogressive painful condition.<ref name=":2" /> Furthermore, the episodes of pain go beyond the original point of stimulus and regulate themselves their dura
16 KB (2,142 words) - 17:44, 3 January 2022
...les in lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000 Apr 15;25(8):989-94.</ref>
One of the possible classifications for low back pain is a time based classification: <br>
14 KB (2,166 words) - 00:34, 13 October 2019
...of_Exercise_in_Stress.6.aspx Stress relief: The role of exercise in stress management.] ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal. 2013 May 1;17(3):14-9.</ref>. Stress als
== Stress Management ==
11 KB (1,540 words) - 03:01, 15 April 2022
...Investigators need to be wary of avascular necrosis in any patient who has pain in the [[Hip Anatomy|hip]], negative radiographic findings, and any of the
== Management ==
8 KB (1,201 words) - 15:42, 15 December 2022
...me) is the most common presenting feature of accessory navicular bone. The pain is aggravated by walking, running and weight-bearing activities. When large
Patients with an accessory navicular may present with complex pain patterns requiring a thorough examination. <ref name="p7" /> The exami
11 KB (1,534 words) - 19:38, 21 April 2023
...out physical activity and work may affect and contribute to their low back pain and resulting disability
...ehav Res Ther. 1983;21:401-408.</ref>. The FABQ measures patients’ fear of pain and consequent avoidance of physical activity because of their fear<ref nam
7 KB (1,056 words) - 12:29, 17 October 2023
...ty and dexterity. Long-term Musculoskeletal conditions are associated with pain, disability, poor general health and mortality. They also impact on mental
...e worldwide impact of all diseases and risk factors included back and neck pain, osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders in the leading ten caus
10 KB (1,391 words) - 13:23, 25 February 2022
...ected joints15 . Braces or simple bandages applied to the knee can relieve pain and increase the sense of security walking
...to them to keep fit and physically active, even though activity will cause pain. The idea that you can ‘wear out your joints’ through activity is a dan
10 KB (1,348 words) - 20:04, 21 October 2022
...vantage and high energy requirements; to thoroughly investigate and manage pain if it is a barrier to rehabilitation; to ensure good patient education in o
transfemoral, diabetes, pain management, learning, ambulation, amputation
9 KB (1,482 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...dylolisthesis: a narrative review of etiology, diagnosis, and conservative management]. Journal of chiropractic medicine. 2005 Dec 1;4(4):206-17.</ref> There is
*Can be acute or gradual onset of pain
14 KB (1,923 words) - 13:19, 30 June 2023
...therapy practice including diagnosis, assessment and interventions for hip pain in adults.
...2 Hip Pain and Movement Dysfunction Associated With Nonarthritic Hip Joint Pain: A Revision: Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Class
14 KB (1,922 words) - 11:25, 24 July 2023
...and structure of the deep cervical extensor muscles in patients with neck pain. Manual therapy. 2013 Oct 1;18(5):360-6. Available:https://www.msksciencean
...pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and management: a narrative review]. Pain and Therapy. 2021 Jun;10(1):143-64. Available: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
7 KB (1,075 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...he UK biobank. Arthritis & rheumatology. 2019 Oct;71(10):1634-41.</ref>The management of OA can be divided in to conservative and conservative<ref name=":1" />
...ody exercise like [[Yoga]] and Tai Chi are helpful for [[Pain Assessment|pain]] relief ,improving physical function and disability than general activity
10 KB (1,413 words) - 07:46, 12 December 2023
...gov/pmc/articles/PMC1858872/ Muscles testing and function with posture and pain]. 5th ed. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. 261p</ref>
...lting in pain and swelling in the first extensor compartment of the wrist. Pain increases on movements of the thumb making the tendons more susceptible to
6 KB (982 words) - 18:04, 1 March 2023
Significant improvements in the medical and surgical management of burns has occurred in the last century. Increased survival rates mean
∙ The pain and psychological distress of a burn has a massive impact on compliance o A
2 KB (235 words) - 07:33, 23 November 2022
...tools, new diagnostic methods and the latest guidelines for postoperative pain therapy in children.] Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2020:
pain and distress scales for use in the procedural setting.] Pediatric Anesthesi
8 KB (1,222 words) - 00:04, 31 October 2022
...ih.gov/pubmed/20227644 Costa-Black KM, Loisel P, Anema JR, Pransky G. Back pain and work. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 2010. 24(2): 227-40.]</ref>
...en W (2003). Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain: an international comparison. ''Occupational Environmental Medicine,'' 60
13 KB (1,967 words) - 15:06, 4 November 2019
...revalence of trochanteric bursitis in patients with refractory lateral hip pain]. Danish medical journal. 2022 Jun 15;69(7):A09210714.</ref> thought to be
...w referred to as [[Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome|greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS)]]<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" /><ref
20 KB (2,656 words) - 14:09, 20 January 2024
...The NPAD is a validated measure to evaluate outcomes in patients with neck pain. It is easy to complete for the patients themselves, and easy to score for
...s a 20-item measure that was specifically developed for patients with neck pain.<ref name="p2" /><br><br>Blozik E. et al. found that patients who were clas
9 KB (1,331 words) - 22:23, 13 September 2019
...fication of the causative factors of the injury to guide the design of the management plan. It will also steer the rehabilitation progression plan in a systemati
A multi-disciplinary team approach is a crucial part of the management of elbow injuries. For positive outcomes, a systematic and phased approach
18 KB (2,637 words) - 11:48, 18 August 2022
...-Larsen, Sören; Roos, Ewa M . "Association between knee alignment and knee pain in patients surgically treated for medial knee osteoarthritis by high tibia
== Management ==
7 KB (1,099 words) - 17:44, 2 October 2023
...n proposed and well-documented studies showing the coexistence of abnormal pain perception and ADHD. Some of the studies are more theoretical or have low
* Abnormal sensory processing in ADHD and pain transmission<ref>Panagiotidi M, Overton PG, Stafford T. [https://www.scienc
10 KB (1,433 words) - 16:24, 28 November 2023
...hed author in pain treatment and management, describes the complexities of pain assessment in the following words:
...cal Issues in Pain 4: Placebo and non-placebo pain management, muscles and pain. Author House 2013; Page 194.</ref>'''</blockquote>
20 KB (3,091 words) - 02:17, 31 August 2019
== Management ==
Management of Wilms’ tumor involves [[Surgery and General Anaesthetic|surgery]], [[C
7 KB (1,110 words) - 01:58, 28 January 2023
...d tendon. This condition, known as [[De Quervain's Tenosynovitis]], causes pain in the radial aspect of the wrist that radiates to the proximal part of the
...thumb longitudinally with a slight ulnar deviation at the wrist. Increased pain at the radial styloid process indicates a positive test.<ref>Goubau J, Gou
4 KB (498 words) - 18:55, 17 May 2021
*Pain
...ich do not result in discomfort during childhood frequently start to cause pain in adulthood. Abnormal approximation of joint surfaces can lead to early de
9 KB (1,275 words) - 10:28, 2 November 2023
...cluded in the next [[Physiotherapy Management of Spinal Cord Injuries|Management of Spinal Injuries course]] that we hope to run again in the future.
...the curriculum for the [[Physiotherapy Management of Spinal Cord Injuries|Management of Spinal Cord Injuries]] course that ran in Physiopedia in 2014
12 KB (1,795 words) - 17:53, 21 June 2023
...ation of soft tissue injuries. These well-known methods focus on the acute management of soft tissue injuries and do not really provide any information on the su
...l range of soft tissue injury management from immediate care to subsequent management. It highlights the importance of patient education and addressing the psych
14 KB (1,991 words) - 10:21, 29 February 2024
Pain throughout the range of motion
A stretching pain at end range
5 KB (750 words) - 16:13, 29 June 2023
...r>• Pain that is relieved by aspirin within 30 minutes (75% of cases)<br>• Pain that increases with activity and alcohol consumption<br>• Local swelling
...Osteomas and osteoblastomas are histologically similar but differ in size, pain intensity, location, aggressiveness, and neural staining patterns<ref name=
12 KB (1,734 words) - 20:58, 30 June 2020
...gov/pmc/articles/PMC6126206/pdf/main.pdf The Morel-Lavallée lesion and its management: a review of the literature]. Journal of orthopaedics. 2018 Dec 1;15(4):917
* Pain<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" />
13 KB (1,832 words) - 19:43, 25 November 2022
...iquetral]] interosseous ligament.<ref name=":0">Konopka G, Chim H. Optimal management of scapholunate ligament injuries. ''Orthop Res Rev''. 2018;10:41-54
* dorsal and radial sided wrist pain
8 KB (1,160 words) - 14:02, 20 December 2022
...chke N, Kamper SJ, Maher CG. The epidemiology and economic consequences of pain. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015 Jan;90(1):139–47.</ref>.
...n of pain<ref name="Hecke 2013">Hecke O van, Torrance N, Smith BH. Chronic pain epidemiology and its clinical relevance. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Jan 7;111(1):13
12 KB (1,767 words) - 20:22, 14 February 2021
...specialized form of therapy is designed to improve functionality, relieve pain, and enhance the overall quality of life for dogs. The advantages of canine
...ual therapy, and modalities like laser therapy and ultrasound to alleviate pain and discomfort caused by injuries, orthopedic conditions, and degenerative
10 KB (1,352 words) - 19:51, 5 August 2023
...houlder distally down the arm or proximally into the neck. The duration of pain is almost always self-limiting, lasting 1 to 2 weeks but on rare occasions
....org/article.aspx?articleid=2093851 Expanding the differential of Shoulder Pain: Personage-Turner Syndrome], J Am Osteopath Assoc; August 1, 2009 vol. 109
13 KB (1,797 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...ker E, Blankevoort L, Assendelft W, Dijk CN. Manipulation of the Wrist for Management of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Randomized Pilot Study. Phys Ther 2003; 83:608-
...tra M. Effect of Wrist Manipulation & Cyriax Physiotherapy Training on Pain & Grip Strength in Lateral Epicondylitis Patients. J Ex Sci Physiother.
26 KB (3,302 words) - 12:02, 2 August 2021
== Management==
== Physical Therapy Management ==
6 KB (775 words) - 16:58, 1 March 2022
..."p2">Robert B. Anderson, MD, Kenneth J. Hunt, MD, Jeremy J. McCormick, MD -Management of Common Sports-related Injuries About the Foot and Ankle, Journal of
...of evidence: C</ref><ref name="p5">Ashman CJ, Klecker RJ, Yu JS.- Forefoot Pain Involving the Metatarsal Region: Differential diagnosis with MR Imaging, Ra
10 KB (1,453 words) - 20:59, 15 July 2022
...ought to enhance functionality and lessen long-term effects like arthritis pain. Additionally, nailing helps to preserve the blood flow during surgery, lim
...aurence B. Kempton, Todd O. Mckinley, Anthony T. Sorkin, Insertion-related pain with intramedullary nailing, Injury, Volume 48, Supplement 1,2017, Pages S1
9 KB (1,292 words) - 13:11, 11 April 2023
*Joint pain and inflammation, muscle aches and pain<ref name="Merck" /><ref name="Cedars" />
...One such steroid is prednisone, which allows the affected individual some pain relief and can help stop the disease from causing more damage. Also, to fur
9 KB (1,231 words) - 21:45, 1 September 2023
[See also [[Pregnancy Related Pelvic Pain|Pregnancy Related Pelvic Pain]]]
[See also [[Chronic_Pelvic_Pain_Syndrome_-_Male|Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome - Male]]]
18 KB (2,420 words) - 11:05, 26 July 2023
* Lower abdominal [[Pain Assessment|pain]] is the most common symptom.
* Pain or discomfort during sex that is felt deep in the [[pelvis]].
10 KB (1,441 words) - 00:02, 18 August 2020
== Physiotherapy Management ==
# Pain reduction
4 KB (554 words) - 06:41, 1 June 2022
• Pain in the morning <br>
• Sensitivity and pain on the tendon <br>
9 KB (1,455 words) - 07:07, 18 June 2022
...6305189</nowiki></ref> Physiotherapists, therefore, play a key role in the management of these patients.
...particularly those with peripheral symptoms, it may not be clear if their pain is due to pathology in the lumbar spine or not. It is, therefore, essential
15 KB (2,238 words) - 10:13, 11 January 2023
...emporomandibular and cervical components of headaches; Headache, Orofacial Pain and Bruxism, Chapt 19, pg 239, Churchill Livingston Elsevier, 2009.</ref>
...keson, 2005.">Okeson J; Bell’s orofacial pain. The management of orofacial pain. Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc. Chicago, 2005.</ref>
11 KB (1,651 words) - 17:56, 4 November 2021
...of the “new protocol” for [[Introduction to Plantar Heel Pain|plantar heel pain]] (PHP) will be discussed in three distinct parts:
...I. Physiotherapy support for self-management of persisting musculoskeletal pain disorders. South African Journal of Physiotherapy. 2021 Oct 29;77(1):1564.<
14 KB (1,931 words) - 23:15, 15 January 2023
=== Pain Management ===
...he virtual environment, reducing their perception of pain and the need for pain medication.
11 KB (1,497 words) - 12:42, 21 September 2023
Hypermobility; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Joint pain; Multidisciplinary management
...ic hypothesis of EDS, based on symptoms, including chronic musculoskeletal pain, widespread muscle weakness and history of hypermobility.<ref name="Bem-Haj
8 KB (1,113 words) - 00:06, 12 March 2018
...apy based on clinical practice guidelines for patients with acute low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003, 28:1363–1371</r
Usual management of LBP is:
16 KB (2,253 words) - 19:52, 21 June 2023
[[File:Back pain image.jpg|thumb|CLBP: common in society.]]
...er an initial injury or underlying cause of acute [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]] has been treated.
17 KB (2,419 words) - 10:38, 3 March 2024
...each patients to reshape their mindset and perception of [[Pain Behaviours|pain]] despite these factors. It provides patients a better understanding of th
...Louw A, Cox T, Puentedura EJ, Diener I. Pain neuroscience education: Which pain neuroscience education metaphor worked best?. South African Journal of Phys
10 KB (1,437 words) - 16:11, 18 November 2023
...offered by non-specialized health workers, who are well-trained in Ponseti management of Club foot <ref name=":1">Smythe T, Wainwright A, Foster A, Lavy C. [http
</ref>. The use of the ACT score is to accurately inform and predict future management. It answers such questions as:
5 KB (780 words) - 15:56, 14 April 2023
...ontrol sensations or muscles in the limbs.<ref>Ainsworth institute of pain management [https://ainsworthinstitute.com/patient-information/anatomy/facet-joints/ U
...FJ OA might have a particularly important role in older adults with spinal pain<ref>Gellhorn AC, Katz JN, Suri P. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article
9 KB (1,284 words) - 12:22, 29 January 2020
...">Stace R. and Gwilym S. Whiplash associated disorder: a review of current pain concepts. Bone & Joint. 2015; 4:360</ref> Most whiplash associated disord
Grade I: Patient experiences neck pain, stiffness or tenderness.
10 KB (1,440 words) - 19:47, 26 December 2023
...population. Clinically, it presents as atraumatic, insidious anterior knee pain, with tenderness at the patellar tendon insertion site at the tibial tubero
...13.10.2021)</ref><ref>Rathleff MS, Straszek CL, Blønd L, Thomsen JL. [Knee pain in children and adolescents]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2019 Mar 25;181(13)</ref>
13 KB (1,753 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
* Autonomic dysfunction and pain<ref>Yuki N, Hartung HP. Guillain–barré syndrome. New England Journal of
...16):1439-47.</ref> - many patients with AMAN also experience back and neck pain<ref>Latov N. ''Campylobacter jejuni'' Infection, Anti-Ganglioside Antibodie
8 KB (1,114 words) - 22:36, 10 May 2024
...1;100(3):208-19.</ref> Applying an evidence-based practice approach to the management of [[tendinopathy]] is not as simple as applying one set of research findin
...should apply a broad base of evidence to clinically reason a comprehensive management plan. This plan should be based on the best evidence available at that time
11 KB (1,520 words) - 00:24, 1 November 2023
...f fatigue, weakness, range of motion deficits, and pain. Exercise and pain management techniques can be utilized with these patients to address musculoskeletal-r
...receptionist at time of accident but is not currently able to work due to pain. Patient has a family history of rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia. She
11 KB (1,540 words) - 22:08, 13 October 2020
...infection. Urinary tract infections]: Molecular pathogenesis and clinical management. 2017 Feb 15:1-25.</ref>.
...roblem cause painful urinary tract symptoms; lower abdominal pain, pelvic pain, sudden need to evacuate, or an increase in urination frequency at night.
5 KB (779 words) - 18:44, 29 June 2023
...night, usually in the lower legs and feet. They can cause sudden, intense pain in the calf or foot muscles, and can last anywhere from a few seconds to se
# by stretching the affected muscles, the pain is relieved
7 KB (1,091 words) - 17:31, 2 March 2023
...the patient to be physically independent<ref name="p3">Acute post-surgical management: Physiopedia.com</ref> but also to be independent managers of their conditi
...pain and having difficulty with standing and hopping activity secondary to pain when the residual limb was dependent. He was then transferred to the Intens
9 KB (1,393 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...ly stopping use of opioids leads to severe symptoms, including generalized pain, chills, cramps, diarrhea, dilated pupils, restlessness, anxiety, nausea, v
...palliative care]] and end-of-life care. The main intended use is to reduce pain perception, but is associated with causing euphoria, drowsiness, mental con
13 KB (1,874 words) - 08:00, 19 October 2022
...g.uk/guidance/ng100/chapter/Recommendations Rheumatoid arthritis in Adults:Management] Available from:https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng100/chapter/Recommendati
...oms are symmetrical carpal and metacarpophalangeal arthritis manifested by pain, oedema, exudate and a limited range of motion.
8 KB (1,149 words) - 22:18, 1 September 2023
...anal or more distally by [[fascia]], causing exercise-induced medial thigh pain, typically in athletes<ref name=":2">Koh M, Markovich B. [https://www.statp
...the pain, and [[Adductor Squeeze Test|resisted adduction]] does not elicit pain. Conservative treatment includes [[stretching]] and [[Strength Training|str
9 KB (1,182 words) - 12:43, 18 January 2022
* Altered [[Pain Behaviours|pain]] sensation and other sensory abnormalities<br />
== Management ==
9 KB (1,309 words) - 11:16, 17 February 2023
...rthotics can be used after an injury to prevent further injury, or reduced pain by supporting an injured limb.
* Prevent or correct deformity reducing pain and maximising function in reach and grasp tasks.
4 KB (513 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
[[File:Hip pain.jpg|275x275px|alt=|thumb|Hip pain]]
...Impingement|FAI]] is a common cause of [[Hip Pain & Mobility Deficits|hip pain]] in young people, and is caused by the of abnormal contact between [[Aceta
10 KB (1,368 words) - 17:27, 6 April 2023
...Stein DJ, Jelsma J. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3929991/ Pain in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review.] Journal of the Intern
...d_education_intervention_for_rural_amaXhosa_women_in_South_Africa Managing pain in HIV/AIDS: a therapeutic relationship is as effective as an exercise and
22 KB (3,173 words) - 21:38, 1 August 2023
...ymptoms such as paresthesias, loss of [[Muscle Injuries|muscle power]] and pain.<ref>Orthoinfo. [https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/nerve-i
...t and or lack of sensation at the affected lower extremity with or without pain.
12 KB (1,768 words) - 14:18, 7 May 2023
* Symptoms of spinal instability may include neck or back pain, nerve pain and muscle spasms<ref name=":2">Beazell, J. R., Mullins, M., & Grindstaff,
...tal ‘instability’: clinical presentation and specific stabilizing exercise management." Manual therapy 5.1 (2000): 2-12.</ref> <ref>Panjabi, Manohar M., Jeff N
13 KB (1,940 words) - 16:55, 2 February 2024
...present in all specimens, likely including pain fibers contributing to hip pain in ligamentum tears or ruptures
...JT, Jones KS. Traumatic rupture of the ligamentum teres as a source of hip pain. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery. 2004 Apr 1;20(
8 KB (1,143 words) - 12:38, 16 February 2024
.... [online] NICE. Available at: <nowiki>https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/neck-pain-acute-torticollis/background-information/prevalence/</nowiki> </ref>
...iotherapy assessment process. Various sources can contribute to acute neck pain:
16 KB (2,453 words) - 11:24, 10 May 2024
...er.<ref name=":0" /> This page will focus specifically on the conservative management of hallux valgus.
== Conservative Management ==
18 KB (2,599 words) - 00:29, 18 September 2023
...s pin prick, deep pressure, extreme heat/cold). It does not imply a single pain mechanism, but is associated with [[Peripheral Sensitisation|peripheral sen
...se over time in certain conditions, such as [[Neuropathic Pain|neuropathic pain]] conditions, and may be present in the absence of tissue injury.
12 KB (1,569 words) - 14:05, 19 March 2024
...previous studies from Nigeria have recognised trauma and complications of management of musculoskeletal conditions by traditional bone setters as the leading ca
Trauma, below knee amputation, phantom limb pain, fracture, low resourced setting, fracture
6 KB (973 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...sly independent mobile without an aid up to 100m he was limited by L) calf pain. Mr N was independent with all his activities of daily living (ADLs). He en
...al limb for 2 days post-op, minimal pain since then. Nil phantom sensation/pain<br>Dizziness/ lightheadedness on transferring from lying to sitting for 2 d
7 KB (1,070 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
== What is Neck Pain? ==
...he Global Burden of health 2010 Study as "pain in the neck with or without pain referred into one or both upper limbs that lasts for at least one day"<ref
9 KB (1,358 words) - 11:30, 15 November 2023
...g/articles/1110839 Ramsay hunt syndrome]. Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. 2018 Dec 1;18(6):333-7.</ref>.Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and
...can be differentiated from RHS by the absence of severe otalgia (only mild pain in the region of the mastoid usually occurs in Bell's Palsy) and the absenc
7 KB (968 words) - 10:25, 14 March 2023
...oes not heal properly can lead to serious complications, including chronic pain.<ref name=":0">Orthoinfo.aaos.org. (2019). ''Talus Fractures - OrthoInfo -
* Acute pain
6 KB (958 words) - 15:44, 17 February 2021
== Management ==
==Physical Therapy Management ==
7 KB (920 words) - 04:59, 11 May 2022
...nders, 2013.</ref> This condition usually requires surgery as medical management due to the fact that acute appendicitis can often be life threatening. Appe
* dull pain centred around the navel, which progresses to a sharp pain in the lower right side of the abdomen
8 KB (1,127 words) - 10:04, 11 May 2022
The Os Trigonum Syndrome refers to pain posterior of the ankle and reduced plantarflexion caused by “the nutcrack
A load-dependent, persistent pain between the Achilles tendon and the peroneal tendons is the first indicator
10 KB (1,455 words) - 18:29, 16 July 2021
...ng medical conditions. She reported taking over-the-counter medication for pain but they are not helping her much. She had bilateral Xray- Rt shoulder havi
...cent episode. She also had a past medical history of epilepsy with ongoing management and is under control. She was non-diabetic with no thyroid-related problems
14 KB (2,153 words) - 00:54, 22 June 2023
...ptor and [[Nociception|nociceptive]] pathways by a noxious stimulus is not pain".<ref name=":0" />
...Exercise -Therapeutic|exercise therapy]] can be an important treatment for pain. There are many other additional benefits of exercise and regular [[Physica
16 KB (2,240 words) - 07:31, 2 March 2023
*Any back or leg pain? (Is pain in a dermatomal region - pain in the knee can be referred from the back)
*Is there hip or ankle pain? (Knee pain can be referred from the hip or biomechanically affected by the ankle)
12 KB (1,651 words) - 11:13, 16 November 2023
==Brain Areas in the Neuromatrix and the Changes Due to Chronic Pain==
...ature Organism Model can be found on the [[Multidimensional Nature of Pain]] page and on Louis Gifford's website [http://giffordsachesandpai
18 KB (2,801 words) - 10:57, 1 August 2023
Patients with flare-ups of CD usually present with abdominal pain (right lower quadrant), flatulence/bloating, diarrhea (can include mucus an
...have mild symptoms. The other half may experience more severe symptoms and pain that appears to come and go. These patients undergo painful exacerbations a
12 KB (1,778 words) - 16:43, 9 September 2023
...urley et al. The utility of emergency department physical therapy and case management consultation in reducing hospital admissions. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Op
...n about their injury or illness and the trajectory of healing or condition management<ref>Kim HS, Strickland KJ, Mullen KA, Lebec MT. Physical therapy in the eme
9 KB (1,311 words) - 18:01, 10 May 2024
...LIEF__The_Role_of_Exercise_in_Stress.6.aspx The role of exercise in stress management.] ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal. 2013 May 1;17(3):14-9.</ref> Whereas Mc
...he fight-or-flight response, production of β-endorphin (the body’s natural pain killer), and increased acuity of the senses which prepares the body to cop
11 KB (1,541 words) - 19:02, 7 April 2024
Conservative management goals of scoliosis are:
# Prevent or treat spinal pain<ref name=":0" />
12 KB (1,775 words) - 20:38, 3 April 2021
== Medical management ==
...the condition is asymptomatic. Pain medication is only used if symptoms of pain present. Observation and regular monitoring is very important.<ref name="AA
11 KB (1,541 words) - 17:33, 27 January 2019
* Sharp, jabbing, throbbing, freezing, or burning pain
* Neuromatous or causalgia pain.<ref>Medscape. [https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1270360-clinical Per
14 KB (2,040 words) - 22:43, 25 December 2022
*Pain
...tion and surgical wound<br>2. Somatosensory system- Impaired sensation and pain<br>3. Cardiopulmonary system- Decrease endurance<br>4. Musculoskeletal syst
8 KB (1,190 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...D.S., Sacral insufficiency fracture, most overlooked cause of lumbosacral pain. J. Kor. Neurosurg. Soc. September 2008, 44 (3): 166-169.</ref>
...ure]]<nowiki/>s occur.<ref name=":2">Cohen, Steven P. MD; Sacroiliac Joint Pain : A Comprehensive Review of Anatomy, Diagnosis and Treatment; Official Jour
11 KB (1,507 words) - 22:14, 13 June 2020
...f early stress injury. This diagnosis reflects a spectrum of medial tibial pain in early manifestations before developing into a stress fracture.
Symptoms can vary widely but a common complaint is [[Pain Behaviours|pain]] with activity which subsides with rest.
15 KB (2,064 words) - 07:07, 12 December 2022
...probably more common in older patients. The usual presentation for SMT is pain on the posteromedial side of the knee. Physical examination can usually loc
...osus insertion syndrome: a treatable and frequent cause of persistent knee pain.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1979;60:317-319 [PubMed]</ref>
10 KB (1,384 words) - 10:30, 16 September 2019
...a diagnosis so caution should be used when diagnosing this as the primary pain driver<ref name=":12" />.
...rential diagnosis and treatment in a patient with posterior upper thoracic pain]. Phys Ther. Feb;86(2):254-68. PMID: 16445339.</ref><ref>Gummesson C, Ward
16 KB (2,184 words) - 01:09, 21 November 2023
...re made around 8 years of age.<ref name=":4">Howard J, Sees J, Shrader MW. Management of spinal deformity in cerebral palsy. JPOSNA®. 2019 Nov 3;1(1).</ref>{{#e
* Pain
15 KB (1,995 words) - 18:21, 17 January 2023
...nclude hearing a “pop” or feeling a popping sensation in your knee, severe pain around the knee, swelling, discomfort when you walk, loss of range of movem
* You might feel extreme pain and be unable to continue a task or activity.
11 KB (1,724 words) - 14:56, 16 March 2022
...und healing problems,<ref>Gougoulias N, McBride D, Maffulli N. Outcomes of management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Surgeon. 2021 Oct;19(5):e
...fixation devices, [[Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)|complex regional pain syndrome]], and [[Heterotopic Ossification|heterotrophic ossification]].<re
14 KB (1,819 words) - 23:43, 25 January 2023
...ttps://www.physiotherapyjournal.com/article/S0031-9406(18)30375-4/fulltext Management of atraumatic shoulder instability - updated results of the Derby Shoulder
...//www.jospt.org/doi/abs/10.2519/jospt.2002.32.10.497 Shoulder Instability: Management and]
7 KB (912 words) - 17:55, 24 August 2023
[[File:Pain clipart.jpg|right|frameless|375x375px]]
.../PMC5046190/ Toward a transformed understanding: from pain and movement to pain with movement.] Physical therapy. 2016 Oct 1;96(10):1503-7. Available from:
12 KB (1,785 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
...no history of trauma, or acute if the injury is the result of trauma. The pain is typically exacerbated by overuse activities, such as typing on a compute
Potential self-report measures for individuals presenting with wrist pain are listed below.
13 KB (1,833 words) - 11:55, 21 September 2022
...Which red flags aid the early detection of metastatic bone disease in back pain? Physiotherapy Practice and Research. 2017;38(2): 73-77.</ref>
...differential diagnoses when individuals present with [[Low Back Pain|back pain]] - particularly if the patient is not responding in an expected way or is
14 KB (2,101 words) - 10:12, 20 December 2023
...sternal joints of the chest wall elicits tenderness <ref name=":0" /> and pain is reproduced by palpation of the affected cartilage segments which may rad
...a group of 122 patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain not due to malignancy, fever, or trauma, costochondritis was the diagnosis
16 KB (2,370 words) - 12:51, 2 May 2024
...tiffness.<ref name=":0">Jensen Stochkendahl M, Wulff Christensen H., Chest pain in focal musculoskeletal disorders, Medical Clinics of North America;Elsevi
...entials of physial medicine and rehabilitation: muskuloskeletal disorders, pain, and reabilitation. Philadelphia: Elsevier. (p 582-587)</ref><ref name=":0"
14 KB (2,057 words) - 12:53, 2 May 2024
...y of its early diagnosis. The approach to care is multifaceted, addressing pain, mobility, eating difficulties, and neuropsychiatric symptoms, while also s
...g not just on end-of-life care, but on improving quality of life, managing pain, and providing psychological support. Dismissing it as merely end-of-life c
16 KB (2,286 words) - 12:23, 4 March 2024
...leading to hematoma formation within the muscle causing [[Pain Assessment|pain]] and loss of motion. A contracted muscle will absorb force better and resu
...ncy of this injury, however, research is scant.<ref>Kary JM. Diagnosis and management of quadriceps strains and contusions. Current reviews in musculoskeletal me
13 KB (1,850 words) - 07:19, 5 December 2022
...int]] is a common condition which causes anterior or superior [[shoulder]] pain, particularly evident with overhead and cross-body activities. It is common
...cbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5734523/ Managing acromio-clavicular joint pain: a scoping review]. Shoulder & Elbow. 2018 Jan;10(1):4-14.</ref>
14 KB (1,881 words) - 03:26, 3 September 2023
* Reticular and intralaminar nuclei dealing with arousal and pain regulation. The reticular formation is constantly making intelligent guesse
...issues such as tingling, numbness, hypersensitivity, and [[Pain Behaviours|pain]]
6 KB (776 words) - 23:06, 30 April 2024
..." /> Symptoms associated with pancreatic cancer include:[[Image:Abdominal pain.jpg|alt=|right|frameless]]
*Pain is the presenting symptom in between 31% and 71% of pancreatic cancer patie
12 KB (1,714 words) - 12:33, 4 December 2023
* [[Pain Behaviours|Pain]] and discomfort
...pain management improves quality of life for chronic pain patients. Clin J Pain. 2001. 17; 3: 264-75.</ref>.
6 KB (770 words) - 04:54, 16 April 2020
...10.009</ref>. Other minor common adverse effects include nausea, abdominal pain,vomiting, and irritation around the injection site<ref name=":1" />. During
== Back to [[Pharmacological Management of Diabetes Mellitus]] ==
4 KB (585 words) - 18:18, 24 January 2023
...ing pain into the absent limb 7/10 on the VAS scale. This was intermittent pain during sleep and was affecting his rehabilitation and use of prosthesis. It
...ut also unnerving, as he could not understand why he would continue to get pain where he no longer had a limb.
13 KB (1,935 words) - 17:34, 24 July 2023
...d compressive forces through the neck joints and increased muscle tension, pain is the common outcome. Some of the types of problems associated with FHP ar
* Muscle tension in the [[Chronic Neck Pain|neck]] and shoulders
12 KB (1,595 words) - 12:02, 13 May 2024
* '''Pinprick test''' assesses ability to feel pain
===Medical Management===
14 KB (1,985 words) - 13:31, 2 December 2021
...broken leg as a chronic condition but would include reoccurring lower back pain, or hormone-related migraine headaches, for example.
* Others linger over time and need intensive management, such as diabetes.
14 KB (1,971 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
'''Neuralgia''' (Greek neuron, "nerve" + algos, "pain") is pain in the distribution of a nerve or nerves<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/wo
...rea and can occur on one or both sides of the body. Sufferers describe the pain as burning, knife-like or aching, stabbing, pinching, twisting and even num
16 KB (2,211 words) - 22:10, 20 December 2020
...te=pfi-live Fractures of the distal femur current trends in evaluation and management.] Current Opinion in Orthopaedics 2007;18(1):41–48. </ref> . 4-6% of all
* Pain with [[weight bearing|weight-bearing]]
11 KB (1,469 words) - 08:40, 11 December 2022
...alse Foot and Ankle Instability A Clinical Guide to Diagnosis and Surgical Management]. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021</ref> Symptoms of an ankle
...on the ankle. If an avulsion fracture is present, there will be immediate pain over the outside aspect of the foot and associated with significant swellin
11 KB (1,612 words) - 14:08, 25 February 2024
...lipoma is a significant and treatable cause of acute and chronic low back pain. Episacral lipoma occurs as a result of tears in the thoracodorsal fascia a
Other terms for the episacral lipoma are the '''back mouse,''' '''iliac crest pain syndrome''' and '''multifidus triangle syndrome'''.
8 KB (1,305 words) - 12:24, 3 November 2023
...terhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/sjogrens-syndrome#self-management-of-sjogren%E2%80%99s-syndrome<nowiki/>(accessed 6.3.2022)</ref>
* joint pain and general achiness
8 KB (1,159 words) - 21:04, 1 September 2023
...p clinicians select an appropriate intervention for patients with low back pain, including:
...ticle/96/7/1057/2864925 Treatment-based classification system for low back pain: revision and update.] Physical therapy. 2016 Jul 1;96(7):1057-66.Delitto A
17 KB (2,358 words) - 16:46, 4 March 2024
...troke survivors experiencing pain, current research shows that post-stroke pain is under-reported and poorly understood.<ref name=":5" />
{{#ev:youtube|nowPWzVsoFQ|300}}<ref>American Heart Association. Pain After Stroke. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nowPWzVsoFQ [
17 KB (2,307 words) - 09:22, 28 November 2023
...vel of evidence: 1B)</ref><ref name="car">Carolyn J. et al, ‘Physiotherapy management of knee osteoarthritis.’, International Journal of Rheumatic Disease 2011
*Modulate pain
9 KB (1,337 words) - 11:19, 16 November 2023
...ts explored the role of the physiotherapist in public health and self-management.Others considered recent changes in scope of physiotherapy practice as well
*[[Management of long term conditions - physical activity|Management of long-term conditions - physical activity, public health, prevention, tre
8 KB (1,131 words) - 12:43, 22 May 2023
*Possible localized pain<br><br> &n
Ibuprofen and other NSAIDs may be beneficial in decreasing pain and inflammation.
11 KB (1,612 words) - 00:52, 5 August 2019
..., including movement and function limitations, long term [[Pain Behaviours|pain]] or psycho-social effects, and therefore use of an outcome measure is bene
...Téot L., Mustoe T.A., Middelkoop E., Gauglitz G.G. (eds) Textbook on Scar Management. Springer, Cham. 2020</ref>. However, more recent systematic reviews do not
6 KB (913 words) - 17:30, 3 August 2022
...ovide an introduction to the treatment of chronic [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]] (LBP) using integrative lifestyle medicine.
...4.8% of the adult population in the United States have experienced chronic pain.<ref name=":1" />
15 KB (2,080 words) - 03:54, 5 November 2023
...y coincides with the severity of the IBD, thus when diarrhea and abdominal pain are flaring, the peripheral arthritis tends to flare, as well.
== Management / Interventions ==
8 KB (1,069 words) - 13:03, 12 October 2023
== Back Pain in AIS ==
...le, H., Poitras, B., Duhaime, M., Rivard, C. and Le Blanc, R. Dorso-lumbal pain and idiopathic scoliosis in adolescence. ''Annales de Chirurgie''. 1996;50
14 KB (1,943 words) - 11:39, 24 November 2023
...drome was first described in soldiers with loaded knapsacks, who developed pain, numbness, and fatigueability of the arms as they stood at attention.The me
*Pain or ache sometimes accompanied by stiffness in the neck and shoulders, pain, paraesthesiae, and fatigueability of the upper limbs are the main presenti
8 KB (1,221 words) - 20:01, 27 January 2023
...instrument of the physiotherapy tool kit when managing patients with neck pain disorders. Although rare, the risk of catastrophic adverse effects has been
...rah, Treleaven, Juliaand O'Leary, Shaun(2008).Whiplash, headache, and neck pain: Research-based directions for physical therapies.1st ed.Edinburgh : Church
8 KB (1,133 words) - 18:48, 6 May 2021
...ofessionals involved in their rehabilitation. This case study explores how pain in the limb can have a dramatic effect on achieving a comfortable socket fi
Amputation, Pain, Rehabilitation
9 KB (1,315 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
Sciatica refers to radiating pain along the course of the [[Sciatic Nerve|sciatic nerve]] from the lower bac
...to any [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]] or [[Radiculopathy|radicular]] leg pain as sciatica<ref name=":6" />.
16 KB (2,365 words) - 11:40, 26 April 2023
...sed by a little bone posterolateral in the knee joint. Posterolateral knee pain can be associated with the presence of a fabella and this incidence may be
...icles/PMC3987160/ The fabella syndrome-a rare cause of posterolateral knee pain: a review of the literature and two case reports.] BMC musculoskeletal diso
14 KB (2,084 words) - 17:01, 11 February 2022
...eus nervus) neuralgia, comes from the greek term meros algos meaning thigh pain. <br>MP is caused by damage to the nervus cutaneus femoris lateralis (
...e symptoms like pain, burning, numbness, muscle aches, coldness, lightning pain or buzzing on the anterolateral aspect of the thigh. <ref name="p6" /><ref>
18 KB (2,720 words) - 14:55, 19 June 2023
...mulation agents and thermal agents are the most used in physiotherapy pain management. However, non-thermal agents, such as pulsed ultrasound, have been reported
...ical Nerve Stimulation) is the widely used electrical modality for chronic pain.<br>
16 KB (2,279 words) - 12:53, 2 May 2024
...te may indicate a fracture. Other signs to look for are persistent pain or pain that affects the child’s ability to tolerate weight bearing through the l
== Management / Interventions ==
9 KB (1,281 words) - 21:08, 16 June 2020
...s group1.png|right|frameless|334x334px]]Acute or chronic [[Pain Assessment|pain]]<ref name=":2">Ballinger TJ, Thompson WR, Guise TA. [https://pubmed.ncbi.n
* Reduced shoulder [[Range of Motion|range of motion]]<ref name=":1" />due to pain or fear of movement leading to adapting a flexed protective [[posture]] or
12 KB (1,607 words) - 05:32, 27 May 2023
...lly AS. [https://www.aafp.org/afp/2013/0715/p102.html Edema: diagnosis and management.] American family physician. 2013 Jul 15;88(2):102-10.Available from:https:
...ve sleep apnea]], [[Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)|Complex regional pain syndrome]]<ref name=":1" /> and trauma can affect any age group.
11 KB (1,508 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...and subsequent therapeutic interventions in an elite athlete with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2011;41(2):108-17.</ref>
...thesis-Oriented Algorithm for Clinicians II (HOAC II): a guide for patient management. Physical Therapy. 2003;83(5):455. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go
13 KB (1,860 words) - 17:58, 17 October 2020
*Pain ([[Phantom limb pain|phantom limb]])
* Type of pain(Incisional, phantom, other)<ref name=":4" />
19 KB (2,497 words) - 06:54, 27 July 2023
.../ref><ref name=":2">Eustice C. Learn how facet arthropathy causes low back pain. Verywell Health; 2022 February 2. Available from: https://www.verywellheal
...ion]], swelling and stiffness; which further causes discomfort and extreme pain. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
13 KB (1,863 words) - 17:10, 19 May 2022
...e to tolerate NSAID treatment because of side effects, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, and upset stomach.
...taglandins (which promote [[Inflammation Acute and Chronic|inflammation]], pain, and fever), they do this do this by blocking cyclooxygenases (COX) enzymes
11 KB (1,518 words) - 06:44, 8 February 2023
...https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00586-019-06279-5#Sec7 Low back pain: critical assessment of various scales.] European Spine Journal. 2020 Mar;2
...ide.mapi-trust.org/instruments/oswestry-disability-index Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire]
8 KB (1,122 words) - 22:13, 30 July 2023
Sexual desire/interest, arousal, orgasm, and sexual pain are the four main categories of sexual dysfunction.
...025 The role of pelvic floor muscles in male sexual dysfunction and pelvic pain]. Sexual medicine reviews. 2016 Jan 1;4(1):53-62.</ref><ref>McCabe MP, Shar
12 KB (1,557 words) - 10:05, 7 August 2022
...y [[Chronic Disease|chronic diseases]], including [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]]. Exercise is the best way to increase functional capacity and prevent hea
...centage of primary care physicians do not recommend exercise to their back pain patients.
12 KB (1,695 words) - 12:26, 20 November 2023
...ecovery limiting factors and consider how you talk about [[Pain-Modulation|pain]] - "words are very powerful"<ref name=":3">Rainey, N. Treatment of the Lum
== Treatment-Based Classification System for Lower Back Pain ==
14 KB (2,115 words) - 10:48, 9 March 2023
...reveal bilateral pain sensitivity in patients with unilateral plantar heel pain]. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy. 2019 Sep;49(9):640-6. D
* Subcalcaneal pain
15 KB (2,164 words) - 12:22, 22 November 2023
...primary TKR. Roughly 50 % patients having severe chronic post-operative pain and 40% having limited mobility, and an increased fear of falling after rev
* Pain. May be an indication of loosening of the prosthesis or infection is presen
10 KB (1,456 words) - 08:40, 5 April 2024
...h RL, Hacking S. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14705761/ Evaluation and management of toe fractures.] Am Fam Physician. 2003 Dec 15;68(12):2413-8. </ref> axia
...f the toe. These fractures can be more complex and may require specialised management to ensure proper joint function and minimize the risk of arthritis.<ref nam
13 KB (1,977 words) - 16:06, 5 September 2023
[[File:3d-medical-image-with-female-holding-neck-pain.jpg|right|frameless]]
..., course, and care: the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.] Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Supp
17 KB (2,387 words) - 07:32, 5 February 2023
...r muscular origin. This muscular cause it may be superficial she will have pain on entry or deep dyspareunia that will be more related to levator anii musc
== Management ==
9 KB (1,353 words) - 09:26, 11 October 2022
...ial factors''' (eg. work environment).<ref>M.Hancock. Approach to low back pain. RACGP, 2014, 43(3):117-118.</ref>
...o B, Richards B, Maher C. Primary care management of non-specific low back pain: key messages from recent clinical guidelines. Med J Aust 2018; 208 (6): 27
16 KB (2,344 words) - 06:53, 12 May 2024
...excess motion at the [[lateral meniscus]] (LM) that can cause lateral knee pain or tenderness, locking of the knee, or limitation of the range of motion du
...knee specifically in flexion and/or external rotation.<ref name=":0" /> Pain can be reproduced through application of a varus force at the knee with the
11 KB (1,516 words) - 20:28, 21 August 2023
...ot be explained<ref>Aminaka N, Gribble PA. Patellar taping, patellofemoral pain syndrome, lower extremity kinematics, and dynamic postural control. Journal
...420</ref> and to allow the patient to engage in physical therapy exercise pain free. Although there are several variations of the taping procedure recomme
11 KB (1,629 words) - 01:31, 29 August 2019
[[File:Tibia - frontal view.png|thumb|Pain generally in the inner and lower 2/3rds of tibia.|alt=|240x240px]]
...drome-1<nowiki/>(accessed 2.6.2022)</ref>. It presents as exercise-induced pain over the anterior [[tibia]] and is an early stress injury in the continuum
16 KB (2,212 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
'''[[Psychological approaches to pain management|Psychosocial]] factors,''' assessment of psychological factors of the patie
* Pain or discomfort in the genitalia
10 KB (1,440 words) - 00:17, 30 March 2023
...eker LM, Vialle EN. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6512200/ Management of acute traumatic central cord syndrome: a narrative review.] Global spine
...palpation of the spinous processes elicited tenderness and an increase in pain.
12 KB (1,608 words) - 18:00, 21 June 2023
== Management / Intervention ==
...patient experiences a sudden shortness of breath, fast heartbeat or chest pain, dizziness, or lips and fingernails turning blue in color, they should seek
7 KB (981 words) - 01:11, 14 January 2022
...ve a greater risk for a tear in the opposite shoulder, even if you have no pain in the opposite shoulder.
* Can progress to complete tear - Increasing pain is normally the first sign of the progression of a tear
18 KB (2,456 words) - 13:32, 22 May 2023
Symptomatic thoracic discogenic pain syndrome (TDPS) is a rare phenomenon making it challenging to diagnose. The
...ject to a higher percentage of degenerated discs and subsequent discogenic pain syndrome.
18 KB (2,502 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...e/pii/S1440244015002315 Do isometric and isotonic exercise programs reduce pain in athletes with patellar tendinopathy in-season? A randomised clinical tri
...ad management (reducing aggravating loads and adding in loads that relieve pain)
17 KB (2,505 words) - 11:43, 6 November 2023
...ref>Balagué F1, Mannion AF, Pellisé F, Cedraschi C. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet. 2012 Feb 4;379(9814):482-91.</ref>.
...ne that is called “non-specific low back pain” and is defined as “low back pain not attributed to recognizable, known specific pathology”<ref name="Burto
23 KB (3,461 words) - 11:16, 28 August 2023
...5 Ps. These are pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesias, and paralysis. Pain is the earliest sign<ref name="p4" />
*Pain occurs with passive stretching of the flexor
10 KB (1,506 words) - 07:48, 6 December 2023
...al fractures]], [[Cauda Equina Syndrome|spinal]] compression, and [[bone]] pain, which are associated with poor prognosis<ref>Hiraga T. [https://www.scienc
...er disease burden rate”.<ref name="Indian">Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. Management of skeletal metastases: An orthopaedic surgeon’s guide. https://www.ncbi.
14 KB (1,934 words) - 08:07, 6 September 2020
...ttps://bjsm.bmj.com/content/55/19/1106.abstract Management of plantar heel pain: a best practice guide informed by a systematic review, expert clinical rea
...a new tool for PHP.<ref name=":4">Saban B. A New Protocol for Plantar Heel Pain Course. Plus. 2021.</ref> This protocol involves:
19 KB (2,855 words) - 10:50, 12 January 2023
...y. <ref name=":1">Knapik DM, Williams BT, Verma NN. Balloon spacers in the management of massive rotator cuff tears: a focus on clinical outcomes. ''Ann Joint.''
...s the function of the deltoid.<ref name=":1" />This improves abduction and pain-relief by reducing impignement. The balloon spacer also reduces friction, r
7 KB (933 words) - 19:47, 28 November 2022
...https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16641766/ The McKenzie Method for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review of the Literature With a Meta-Analysis Approach]. Spin
.../pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32665978/ Artificial intelligence to improve back pain outcomes and lessons learnt from clinical classification approaches: three
19 KB (2,785 words) - 19:07, 4 July 2023
...tant to remember, that regional interdependence is different than referred pain. <br>
.../ref><ref>Reiman MP, Weisbach PC, Glynn PE. The hips influence on low back pain: a distal link to a proximal problem. J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(1):24-32.</r
7 KB (1,039 words) - 06:10, 22 March 2018
...structural damage, highlighting the significance of early intervention and management<ref name=":3" />
...carpi ulnaris pathology: a review of functional anatomy, sports injury and management]. Br J Sports Med. 2013 Nov 1;47(17):1105-11.</ref>.
10 KB (1,444 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...ted behavioural approach for the targeted management of disabling low back pain. Physical therapy. 2018 May 1;98(5):408-23.</ref></blockquote>This page dis
..., Sleep Hygiene and Psychological Well-being for Managing Chronic Low Back Pain. Plus. January 2022.</ref> [[Sleep: Theory, Function and Physiology|Sleep
17 KB (2,513 words) - 21:58, 27 January 2023
...disease process, the areas of the body supplied by the spinal nerve suffer pain, sensation loss and/or weakness<ref>Maryland back and neck doctors Thoracic
...Nerves] Available from:https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/upper-back-pain/thoracic-spinal-nerves (last accessed 7.5.2020)</ref>
6 KB (958 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
...linic with complaints of joint pain (arthralgia) and intermittent low back pain. Patient cannot recall any mechanism of injury. She reports she has trouble
Joint pain, low back pain, headache, muscle stiffness, difficulty sleeping and paying attention for a
8 KB (1,176 words) - 00:05, 12 March 2018
...usually only present when the disease becomes locally aggressive, causing pain and swelling in the medial non-weight bearing plantar surface of the feet.<
...6-0500-5-542 High-energy focussed extracorporeal shockwave therapy reduces pain in plantar fibromatosis (Ledderhose’s disease).] BMC research notes 2012;
10 KB (1,355 words) - 22:44, 27 June 2023
...s. X demonstrated a clear positive response with abolition of resting pain on the visual analogue scale (VAS).
...sehold chores. She could not sit cross-legged or use an Indian toilet. Her pain was more aggravated at the end of the day.
11 KB (1,735 words) - 19:14, 21 November 2019
...ras S, Blais R, Swaine B, Rossignol M. Management of work-related low back pain: a population-based survey of physical therapists. Phys Ther 2005;85(11):11
Work-related low back pain (WRLBP) is a major cause of work absenteeism and accounts for a high propor
20 KB (2,913 words) - 02:36, 15 July 2019
...most common complaint in patients that present with SLAP lesions is pain. Pain is typically intermittent and often associated with overhead movements.<ref
*pain with overhead motions
13 KB (1,831 words) - 07:12, 11 January 2023
...se. It is becoming a more common exercise in the West as a means of stress management and exercise. Tai chi consists of a series of slow, controlled movements or
...ment]. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/tai-chi/art-20045184 (last accessed 21.5.2019)</ref>
11 KB (1,602 words) - 14:09, 14 May 2021
...Care should also be taken to avoid missing the less common causes of ankle pain, namely; small [[Ankle and Foot Fractures|fractures around the ankle and fo
...nt sprain. Both conditions may result from inversion injuries, with severe pain and varying degrees of swelling and disability.
11 KB (1,655 words) - 10:33, 10 December 2022
...me="Myerson et al.">Myerson MS. [https://europepmc.org/article/med/1680591 Management of compartment syndromes of the foot.] Clinical orthopaedics and related re
...ntensity as the activity continues, only resolving on rest. Typically, the pain is described as an aching and/or burning sensation.<ref name="Tucker Alicia
14 KB (1,957 words) - 17:16, 6 April 2020
...Not Plantar Fasciitis”: the differential diagnosis and management of heel pain syndrome]. Orthopaedics and trauma. 2011 Jun 1;25(3):198-206.</ref>
...156286 Effects of changes in heel fat pad thickness and elasticity on heel pain]. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. 2004 Jan 1;94(1):4
13 KB (1,950 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
* Lateral Pain over the joint
...:1">Ruch DS. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9848588 The arthroscopic management of osteochondritis dissecans of the adolescent elbow. Arthroscopy:] The Jou
17 KB (2,340 words) - 17:18, 12 January 2022
...re|Meniscal injuries]] are very common and are associated with significant pain and morbidity. [[Meniscus rupture|Meniscal injuries]] are less common in ch
...d have no nerve supply on their inner two thirds, resulting in very little pain or swelling when an injury occurs<ref name="Magee">David J. Magee. Orthoped
10 KB (1,382 words) - 19:03, 31 January 2021
* Pain due to irritation of sensory nerves.
== Management/Treatment of RP ==
7 KB (997 words) - 09:35, 3 April 2022
Physiotherapy Management of Lower Limb Amputation Secondary to Diabetic Foot
...nsfemoral amputation. She had poor hyperglycaemc control and residual limb pain. She was deconditioned and had great challenge with exercise tolerance and
9 KB (1,298 words) - 18:52, 11 April 2020
...or Tendinopathy]] is a common cause of medial leg and [[Groin Strain|groin pain]], especially among athletes. It is a common among injury in such sports as
* Symptoms - pain extending to the [[Inguinal Ligament|inguinal]] and [[knee]] region when st
4 KB (548 words) - 17:12, 20 January 2022
...ing surgery where certain areas of the lungs may be underventilated due to pain. It can also be called lateral costal or umbrella breathing and can be done
...tion. Box breathing is a breathing exercise to assist patients with stress management and can be implemented before, during, and/or after stressful experiences.
9 KB (1,230 words) - 05:03, 22 November 2023
...ry disease] Available: https://theconversation.com/walking-can-relieve-leg-pain-in-people-with-peripheral-artery-disease-151240<nowiki/>(accessed 6.6.2021)
The management of PAD varies depending on the disease severity and symptom status. Treatme
16 KB (2,171 words) - 16:01, 14 June 2021
Oftentimes, people who experience pelvic pain do not realize stress is highly correlated to their symptoms.<ref name=":0"
...stress and quality of life in women with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. ''Stress''. 2008;11(5):390-397. doi:10.1080/10253890701840610.</ref> This
10 KB (1,512 words) - 17:37, 21 June 2020
[[File:Heel pain.png|thumb]]
...oined by James Warren Sever in 1912. One of the most common causes of heel pain among children between the ages of 10 to 12 years. Also known as calcaneal
12 KB (1,659 words) - 16:34, 10 August 2023
...also referred to as kissing spines) is a cause of [[Low Back Pain|low back pain]] characterized by interspinous [[bursitis]] and other degenerative changes
...and cyst formation in the opposing surfaces resulting in [[Pain-Modulation|pain]]. <ref name=":5">Ali AA, Jacobs BM, Gandhi A, Brooks M. [https://www.ncbi.
15 KB (2,086 words) - 19:53, 26 February 2024
...No. 2, pp. 69-80). WB Saunders.</ref> accounts for up to 40% of lower back pain<ref name=":0">Beresford ZM, Kendall RW, Willick SE. [https://journals.lww.c
...rness in the lower back region. Patients with this syndrome can experience pain in the lumbar facet joint or joint capsule, which may spread down to the li
14 KB (2,016 words) - 15:49, 30 September 2023
...lphia: FA Davis; 2019. p. 480.</ref>. They present with impairments in the pain and temperature sensations while the vibratory and proprioceptive sensation
...l bodies of the sympathetic nervous system. The spinothalamic tracts carry pain and temperature sensory information.<ref name=":0" />
12 KB (1,669 words) - 18:02, 21 June 2023
* [[Chronic Pain and the Brain|Chronic pain]] (10·1%)
* Conditions causing persisting [[Chronic Pain|pain]].
11 KB (1,442 words) - 08:22, 28 October 2020
* Sudden, severe pain followed by a feeling of numbness
* Rest pain
10 KB (1,445 words) - 09:30, 5 January 2022
...ltiorgan failure]], and death. Hallmark symptoms of ACS include the 6 P’s: pain, poikilothermia, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, and paralysis. The def
...rawi LM., Rokit AS. Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome, Diagnosis and Management. Hospital for Joint Diseases 2005, Volume 62, Numbers 3 & 4. </ref> T
13 KB (1,847 words) - 06:06, 29 October 2021
*** Pain over elbow
== Medical management ==
10 KB (1,339 words) - 14:35, 7 December 2023
...n]] as part of the [http://members.physio-pedia.com Physiopedia Plus] neck pain course.
...o?view=chart</nowiki>.</ref> limitations and difficulties of treating neck pain in the Caribbean.
21 KB (3,314 words) - 18:58, 11 April 2020
...ty, mechanical symptoms, may develop [5]. PVNS in the spine may cause back pain, tenderness, and neurological dysfunction leading to acute paralysis [13].
== Medical Management ==
9 KB (1,250 words) - 12:40, 18 June 2021
== Medical Management ==
== Physical Therapy Management ==
9 KB (1,249 words) - 13:25, 13 January 2023
#Significantly decrease disability from back pain
...lm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948756/ Effect of Stratified Care for Low Back Pain in Family Practice (IMPaCT Back): A Prospective Population-Based Sequential
17 KB (2,476 words) - 11:36, 28 August 2023
...symptoms that often present together without identifying the cause of the pain and dysfunction, as is the case with other syndromes such as chronic fatigu
...vidence 5</ref>. The dominant shoulder is most commonly involved (82%) and pain radiates to the neck and shoulder, but rarely to the arm<ref name="Menachem
8 KB (1,237 words) - 16:55, 9 December 2020
...ave helped to better define, classify and guide in conservative, operative management and also in rehabilitation <ref name=":0" /><ref>Ramski D, Hennrikus W et a
The patients usually come with complaints of pain and swelling at the fracture site<ref name=":0" />. An examination starts w
11 KB (1,538 words) - 12:01, 28 June 2023
...tability of the varus should be performed to determine the use of orthotic management.<ref name=":2" />
...all of the calcaneus. Patients typically present with posterolateral ankle pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest.
5 KB (784 words) - 17:20, 21 April 2023
...ently present). Pancoast syndrome occurs in 25% cases and includes: severe pain in the shoulder region radiating toward the axilla and [[scapula]] along th
...ften the patient's primary complaint/presentation to therapy with shoulder pain that radiates down to the 4th and 5th digit.<ref name="p2" />
12 KB (1,665 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
Local tenderness and pain are the first symptoms of the injury. The pain may limit function, but the patient may be able to carry on for a period of
==Management==
8 KB (1,127 words) - 03:09, 19 April 2020
Allodynia is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as
...pain"'' <ref name=":1">IASP. Terminology. Available from: https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ (accessed 12 Dec 2023)</ref> </blockquote>...
12 KB (1,601 words) - 13:23, 20 December 2023
...ticles/PMC4374790/ Vulvar cancer: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management options.] International journal of women's health. 2015;7:305.</ref>. It ma
...ncies<ref name=":1">Tan A, Bieber AK, Stein JA, Pomeranz MK. Diagnosis and management of vulvar cancer: A review. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.
10 KB (1,470 words) - 11:09, 18 October 2023
...carpi ulnaris pathology: a review of functional anatomy, sports injury and management. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(17):1105–11.</ref>.
...carpi ulnaris pathology: a review of functional anatomy, sports injury and management. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(17):1105–11.</ref>]]
11 KB (1,539 words) - 17:20, 19 April 2022
...e/10.1007/s11894-009-0041-3 Treating pelvic floor disorders of defecation: management or cure?.] Current gastroenterology reports. 2009 Aug;11(4):278-87.</ref> c
...continence can happen<ref name=":0">Podzemny V, Pescatori LC, Pescatori M. Management of obstructed defecation. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2015 Jan
13 KB (1,845 words) - 15:26, 7 May 2024
...o F. Intraosseous hyperpressure of the patella as a cause of anterior knee pain. Medscape Orth Sports Med. 1999;3:1–8.</ref>
*[[Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome|Patellofemoral pain syndrome]]
16 KB (2,291 words) - 15:34, 19 October 2023
...urnals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1007/s11832-013-0515-6 Hip surveillance and management of the displaced hip in cerebral palsy.] J Child Orthop. 2013;7(5):407-413.
*Pain
10 KB (1,514 words) - 15:16, 31 October 2023
...neuromuscular/sms.aspx# (accessed May 4 2017).</ref> Fluctuating levels of pain and muscle rigidity spread slowly throughout the body and become progressiv
Pain is a chronic symptom of SPS, but it can flare up acutely in response to mus
10 KB (1,351 words) - 17:07, 18 May 2023
...g impairments, muscle weakness, [[Urinary Incontinence]], and numbness and pain in the lower extremities <ref name="Jacquemont" />. FXTAS is also associate
== Medical Management ==
12 KB (1,747 words) - 10:55, 24 May 2022
...ally attributed to altered biomechanics of the axial skeleton that lead to pain and decreased mobility. Other symptoms can include, but are not limited to
*Pain
16 KB (2,310 words) - 17:12, 8 January 2021
...es and a wide variety of skin abnormalities<ref name=":1" /> . Although no pain is present, some tenderness may occur directly over involved musculature, b
...me=":4">Fujisawa T. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8065549/ Management of myositis-associated interstitial lung disease]. Medicina. 2021 Apr 3;57(
14 KB (1,943 words) - 21:02, 1 September 2023
...ilitation and outcomes will be discussed to explore the process of amputee management. The presentation will end with references and keywords.
...l amputation<br>Body Functions%Structure – Mrs A has phantom sensation and pain. Her muscles are now a lot weaker and she is struggling with endurance, he
9 KB (1,419 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...ct Red flags or red herrings? Redefining the role of red flags in low back pain to reduce overimaging.] British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2018 Apr 1;52(8
...inical diagnosis on beliefs in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain–a qualitative study.] Brazilian journal of physical therapy. 2021 Nov 1;2
13 KB (2,006 words) - 15:00, 15 December 2022
...from:https://www.notredame.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/3046/What-is-pain-part-II-philosophy-behaviours-ANZCA-Blue-Book.pdf (last accessed 20.5.2020)
...c disease may aggravate pain. <ref>Güleç, G., & Güleç, S. (2006). Pain and pain behavior. Agri: Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi’nin Yayin organidir [Agri: The jo
15 KB (2,182 words) - 15:07, 20 December 2023
...uses for chronic lower abdominal and anterior [[Chronic Pelvic Pain|pelvic pain]].
...G, Santos RS, Moreira WC. Inguinodynia: review of predisposing factors and management. Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões. 2021 Jan 8;47.</ref>.
8 KB (1,162 words) - 06:19, 26 April 2024
...ished by a decrease in force transmission from muscle to bone secondary to pain. <ref>dos Santos Franco YR, Miyamoto GC, Franco KF, de Oliveira RR, Cabral
...ving different presentations of weakness, functional ability, swelling and pain.<ref>Burton I. Autoregulation in resistance training for lower limb tendino
15 KB (2,178 words) - 21:43, 31 October 2022
...masseter muscle, as well as its role in [[Temporomandibular Disorders|jaw pain and dysfunction]], and therapeutic interventions.
...atients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD): challenges and solutions. J Pain Res. 2018;11:571-587. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S127950. Available: https://www.ncbi
11 KB (1,705 words) - 14:37, 29 January 2024
