[[File:Long Bone Structure.png|thumb|350x350px|Long Bone Structure]]
...edia Cancellous bone Available:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cancellous-bone (accessed 12.11.2022)_</ref>
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...name '''(''os naviculare pedis; scaphoid bone'')''' derives from the human bone's resemblance to a small boat. It articulates with ''four'' bones: the ta
...e rare in the general population, stress fractures of the tarsal navicular bone are frequently incurred by professional athletes.<ref>Shakked RJ, Walters E
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== What is a bone bruise? ==
A bone bruise is a type of bone injury.
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...name=":1">Rubin J, Bozentka DJ, Bora FW. Diagnosis of closed central slip injuries. A cadaveric analysis of non-invasive tests. J Hand Surg Br. 1996 Oct;21(5
...was the only one to accurately discern central slip integrity in simulated injuries.<ref name=":1" />
2 KB (301 words) - 19:53, 31 January 2021
...s A, Tuckermann J. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoids on skeleton and bone regeneration after fracture. ''J Mol Endocrinol''. 2018;61(1):R75-R90.</re
...ref name=":3" />. To limit the accompanying adverse effects, strengthening bone and musculature through weight-bearing activities is recommended.
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...injuries. Traditionally, the first aid method of treating musculoskeletal injuries has been taught through the Mnemonic, [[RICE|R.I.C.E]], (Rest, Ice, Compres
...ent|Optimal loading]] will stimulate the healing process as [[Bone Healing|bone]], [[Tendon Pathophysiology|tendon]], [[Ligament Sprain|ligament]], and [[M
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...owth and development it aides in bone elongation and modelling, and when a bone is [[Fracture|fractured]], participates in its recovery. It is not present
# The periosteum separates the bone from surrounding structures. It contains small blood vessels that provide n
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**[[Kienbock's Disease|Kienbock Disease]] (affects the lunate carpal bone);
...Found more commonly in boys, possibly because boys are at higher risk for injuries than girls.
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.../02/2019).</ref> that means 'head') is the largest and most central carpal bone, that forms the [[Wrist and Hand|wrist]].
...iably the capitate can also articulate with the base of the 4th metacarpal bone.
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...the 4th and 5th [[metatarsals]] anteriorly. On the inferior aspect of the bone, there is a small bony prominence named the cuboid tuberosity and a sulcus
File:Cuboid bone 06 superior view01.png|''Superior view of Cuboid bone''
4 KB (613 words) - 09:08, 23 February 2024
...he [[Foot Anatomy|foot]]. Running along the base of the foot from the heel bone ([[calcaneus]]) to the base of the metatarsal bones, it assists in forming
...the base of the second to fifth metatarsal bones, and the posterior cuboid bone. <ref name=":2" />
4 KB (530 words) - 22:17, 2 November 2020
...xpanding as it ascends, is attached to the basilar groove of the occipital bone, in front of the foramen magnum.
...multiple calcified areas are noted that interdigitated with the underlying bone. Also near this cephalic bony attachment, there is an increase in the numbe
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Groin injuries are common sports injuries especially in sports that involve running, kicking, side to side movements,
The adductor squeeze test is used in the diagnosis of groin injuries and for the measurement of adductor muscles strength.<ref name=":0" />
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* In both cases, bone forms in and around soft tissue (usually muscle).
...sificans (MO) occurs after trauma to the muscle or a broken [[bone]]. New bone cells form between the torn muscle fibers. This happens most often around t
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...arches with two bony masses laterally. It articulates with the [[Occipital Bone|Occiput]] above and C2 (the [[Axis]]) below.
...anterior atlantoaxial ligament; the former connects it with the occipital bone above, and the latter with the axis below.
5 KB (730 words) - 13:40, 23 August 2019
The [[Femur]] is the longest bone in the body and extends from the hip to the knee.
The head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the distal part of the femur articulates w
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...art of the myotendinous unit. The myotendinous unit consists usually of [[bone]], enthesis, [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]], myotendinous junction and [[Muscle
...and produce large tensile stresses are the most likely to suffer from MTJ injuries e.g. [[Biceps Femoris|biceps femoris]], [[Quadratus Femoris|quadratus femor
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...one side of the bone and it remains uninterrupted on the other side of the bone.<ref name=":0">Atanelov Z, Bentley TP. Greenstick fracture.</ref>Usually ha
...It can also occur because of trauma such as road traffic accident, sports injuries or even a non accidental trauma (child hitting an object).<ref name=":0" />
5 KB (629 words) - 09:52, 20 November 2023
[[Ligament|Ligaments]] are fibrous bands of connective tissue that attach to bone.
...joints (cf [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]<nowiki/>s which attach [[muscle]] to bone).
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...make up the upper part of the ankle joint). The talus sits above the heel bone (calcaneus). Together, the talus and calcaneus form the subtalar joint, whi
The talus is the second largest tarsal bone. It is uniquely shaped and consists of a body, head, and neck. Approximatel
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...Cancellous|cortical]] thickness, and travels along through the trabecular bone.<ref name=":4">Basso T, Klaksvik J, Syversen U, Foss OA. [https://www.scien
...leads to decreased tissue tolerance. The micro-fractures that occur on the bone cannot be repaired fast enough and turn into fractures.<ref name=":6" />
7 KB (1,114 words) - 12:08, 19 December 2022
...f the Ankle|avulsion fracture]] also occurs (the ligament pulls a piece of bone with it on injury). The image shows an example of a sprain of the ankle.
...2012). Treating Sports Injuries. In Bahr R. (Ed). The IOC Manual of Sports Injuries. Wiley Blackwell 2012.p 25-39. </ref>
9 KB (1,273 words) - 14:46, 24 November 2020
...f name=":0">Konopka G, Chim H. Optimal management of scapholunate ligament injuries. ''Orthop Res Rev''. 2018;10:41-54
...is a C shaped ligament that binds the [[scaphoid]] bone to the [[lunate]] bone of the wrist. The SLL inserts to the most proximal and superior parts of th
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...cting the knee and ankle joints. It is considered to be the second largest bone in the body and it plays an important role in weight bearing.<ref>Teach me
...trient artery in the human body. Posterior tibial artery mainly enters the bone through its posterior surface and nutrient artery is the branch of this pos
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...nto a median fibrous raphe extending from the symphysis menti to the hyoid bone, where they join at an angle with the fibers of the opposite muscle. This m
...arters: midline raphe. posterior quarter: superior border of body of hyoid bone<br>
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...ng=us (accessed 12.12.2022)</ref> Stress fractures represent a spectrum of injuries ranging from periostitis, caused by inflammation of the [[periosteum]], to
...he lower extremities and are specific to the sport. Upper extremity stress injuries (usually of ulna) are much less common and are also the result of overuse a
15 KB (2,064 words) - 07:07, 12 December 2022
...ondral injuries to the talus. </blockquote>The talus is the second largest bone in the hindfoot region of the human body. Responsible for transmitting body
[[File:Talus bone - animation03.gif|right|frameless]]
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A Jefferson fracture is a bone [[fracture]] of the vertebra C1. The vertebra C1 is a bony ring, with two w
...n a four-yearold child. T. Hagino et al. 2006 British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery.</ref>. The injury in children due to falling at the play
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...flexible tissue, made up of lots of individual fibres, which connect the [[bone]]<nowiki/>s of the body together, being a dense type of [[Connective Tissue
...h joint movement, some fibres appear to tighten or loosen depending on the bone positions and the forces that are applied confirming that these structures
9 KB (1,336 words) - 06:40, 9 September 2022
...cally observed in adults.<ref name=":0" /> This page discusses some common injuries that are specific to children and teenagers.
...ir:<ref name=":0">Prowse T. Developing Physically Active and Sporty Kids - Injuries Specific to Children and Teens Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
15 KB (2,097 words) - 23:39, 17 October 2023
...i/>s]] and wrists working, there is ample opportunity for injury. In fact, injuries to the hand and wrists are some of the most common ailments facing athletes
* Approximately 25% of all sports-related injuries involve the hand or wrist.
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..., Winquist RA, Hansen ST. Ipsilateral fractures of the femur and tibia. J Bone and Joint Surgery. 1984; 66-A(7):991-1002.</ref>.<br>The fractures range fr
...tures of the femur and tibia. A report of fifty seven consecutive cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am.1984;66:991–1002</ref><br>
9 KB (1,405 words) - 15:42, 16 September 2019
[[File:Femur bone.png|right|frameless|801x801px]]
The femur is the longest, heaviest, and strongest [[bone]] in the human body. The main function of the femur is [[weight bearing]] a
7 KB (1,066 words) - 10:00, 10 May 2024
Each metatarsal bone consists of the following:
Each base of the metatarsal bone articulates with at least one of the tarsal bones, forming the tarsometatar
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...herefore specifically applied to bone fractures in children. The commonest injuries seen in children with open growth plates are fractures involving epiphyseal
...ef name="Moore" />[[File:Long Bone Structure.png|thumb|Structure of a long bone including diaphysis, metaphysis, and epiphysis.|center]]
9 KB (1,281 words) - 21:08, 16 June 2020
...lcaneal_fracture fractures of the calcaneus], [[cuboid]] and [[navicular]] bone.
...talus]] and [[calcaneus]] proximally, and the [[navicular]] and [[cuboid]] bone distally. When the foot skeleton is viewed from above, the joint line of th
10 KB (1,506 words) - 04:38, 21 April 2022
...termine the need for radiographs in acute [[Ankle and Foot Fractures|ankle injuries]]. This screening tool was developed because of the need for a rapid and ac
...rt JP, Maloney J. Decision rules for the use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. JAMA 1993;269:1127-32.</ref>
9 KB (1,349 words) - 05:43, 21 December 2023
...ly.<ref>Zacharopoulos AN, Tzanakakis NE, Douka MI. Skiing and snowboarding injuries in Greece: a two-year case-control study. Journal of ASTM International. 20
...d also be considered.<ref>Koehle MS, Lloyd-Smith R, Taunton JE. Alpine ski injuries and their prevention. Sports Medicine. 2002 Oct;32(12):785-93.</ref>
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# Muscles that hold onto bone ie the stabilisers -Predominantly type 1 muscle fibres, with a postural rol
# Muscles that move bone, ie mobilisers - Predominantly type 2 muscle fibres, for faster action.<ref
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...s that clinicians may deal with in the management of athletes with overuse injuries.
== Definition of Overuse Injuries ==
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...er is the term applied to extensor avulsion fractures or [[Extensor Tendon Injuries of the Hand|distal extensor tendon ruptures]]. Either one results in an ina
Mallet finger injuries are<ref name=":0" />:
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...eads to microfractures which are unable to heal due to bone resorption and bone formation imbalances, causing a stress reaction leading to fractures<ref na
...7/0915/p817.html</nowiki></ref>. The fifth metatarsal the most susceptible bone to these shear forces. This combination puts the fifth metatarsal at the hi
10 KB (1,554 words) - 18:34, 16 July 2021
...-4.pdf The second most common bone disease: a review on Paget’s disease of bone.] European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2008 Dec 1;34(6):549-53
...D, Hofmann MT,Peterson JA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone. American Family Physician. 2002; 65(10):2069-72</ref>. Paget's disease is
10 KB (1,436 words) - 06:04, 26 March 2023
...ngs (brain swelling, a 'tight' brain, or difficulties in repositioning the bone flap), or both
...ase its rigidity, and sectioning of the falx among others. Localization of bone removal can be unilateral, bilateral, bifrontal, or subtemporal; or it can
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...or hyperextension can also lead to avulsion fractures, but these types of injuries are less common. <ref name=":2" />
...laced fractures''' involve partial or complete separation of the fractured bone(s). <ref name=":5">American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Toe and Forefo
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* Most commonly caused by blunt, anterior chest-wall trauma and deceleration injuries, with a reported incidence of 3% to 6.8% in motor vehicle collisions.
* Athletic injuries, [[falls]], and assaults are the frequent causes of the remaining cases.
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...g sports, in particular, male soccer players who account for 10% to 18% of injuries per year.<ref name=":1" />
...or view.png|right|frameless|294x294px|Image 2: Anterior view pelvis, pubis bone red.]]
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[[File:Bone marrow image.png|right|frameless|450x450px]]
...ref>Gobbi A, Dallo I, Frank RM, Bradsell H, Saenz I, Murrel W. A review of bone marrow lesions in the arthritic knee and description of a technique for tre
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...eletal Key Hip Flexors Available:https://musculoskeletalkey.com/hip-flexor-injuries-in-the-athlete/ (accessed 14.1.2022)</ref>
...scle. The iliacus muscle is a triangular sheet that connects the [[ilium]] bone to the lesser trochanter.
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[[File:Right-femoral-stress-fracture.png|thumb|Bone scan]]
...abnormal stresses are placed on [[Bone Cortical And Cancellous|cancellous bone]] of the [[Femur|femoral]] shaft resulting in microfractures. Most common i
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...ield athletes. <ref name=":0">Roche M, Fredericson M, Kraus E. Bone Stress Injuries. In: Harrast, M editor. Clinical Care of the Runner - Assessment, Biomechan
...phase of the [[Running Biomechanics|running gait cycle]], when the injured bone would be maximally loaded. In the initial stages of the injury, pain can su
15 KB (2,262 words) - 13:55, 13 July 2023
...hat up to 32-73% of youth athletes are affected by wrist pain from overuse injuries<ref name=":1" />, and 15% of which involves the growth plate<ref name=":2"
</ref>, which is located at the end of the long bone where secondary ossification centres for growth and development occur <ref>
8 KB (1,056 words) - 06:34, 28 June 2023
..., one on the right and the other one on the left side. It is the only long bone in the body that lies horizontally.
...found distributed at either the lateral third or medial two-thirds of the bone.
9 KB (1,214 words) - 23:09, 23 December 2023
...a [[bone]] (or cartilage) resulting from mechanical forces that exceed the bone's ability to withstand them.<ref name=":0">Radiopedia [https://radiopaedia.
* A normal bone subjected to acute overwhelming force, usually in the setting of trauma
15 KB (2,099 words) - 12:04, 19 December 2022
Most [[Bone Healing|bone]] injuries heal normally. But some patients do experience complications during the hea
...ed complications include delayed union and nonunion, avascular necrosis of bone, reaction to internal fixation devices, [[Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (C
14 KB (1,819 words) - 23:43, 25 January 2023
...spring ligament fills the gap between the [[calcaneus]] and the navicular bone, it attaches from the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus to the medial-pla
Acute isolated spring ligament injuries (without posterior tibial tendon involvement) are uncommon, they result in
4 KB (587 words) - 15:22, 19 July 2020
Temporal bone, spanning from the temporal fossa to the inferior temporal line of the late
...temple at the hairline, anterior to the ear and superior to the zygomatic bone.
4 KB (556 words) - 16:45, 25 January 2024
...e to a twisting force), comminuted (when there are three or more resulting bone pieces), open or closed.
...uries due to thigh deformity and instability; however, occasionally, these injuries are not evident, and further assessment and imaging are required, such as [
11 KB (1,651 words) - 02:48, 11 December 2022
...sidered a [[fracture]] when there is visible indication of fracture of the bone from medical imaging <ref name=":1">Romani WA, Gieck JH, Perrin DH, Saliba
...fracture occurs when there are abnormal loads applied to a healthy aligned bone and are common in the athletic and healthy population<ref name=":1" />
12 KB (1,728 words) - 09:49, 6 August 2022
...ant cartilaginous tumours, accounting for ~25% of all primary malignant [[bone]] tumours. They are most commonly found in [[Older People - Patterns of Ill
...rm spontaneously, or due to malignant changes in a preexisting (secondary) bone tumour.<ref name="p1" /><ref name=":0">Radiopedia Chondrosarcoma Available:
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...front of the knee joint.<ref name="neumann" /> It is the largest sesamoid bone, developed in the tendon of the [[Quadriceps Muscle|Quadriceps femoris,]] a
...one, they radiate from the articular surface toward the other parts of the bone.
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...heir posterolateral aspects, convex spur-like ridges, consisting of spongy bone and covered by cartilage, are the [[Uncinate Process|uncinate process]]. On
...torticollis when edematous and be acutely damaged in severe head and neck injuries<ref name="Hartman" />
3 KB (381 words) - 12:29, 28 January 2020
...lnerable in 21st-century armed conflicts. Gunshot injuries are high-energy injuries which can cause significant tissue damage, paralysis or death. The extent o
The epidemiology of gunshot injuries is difficult to assess, and it varies based on the population, conflict set
20 KB (2,770 words) - 11:25, 2 May 2024
...fracture.<ref name=":0">T.G. Williams. Hangman’s Fracture. The journal of bone and Joint surgery, pp. 82-89</ref><ref name=":1" />
...ligament and the disc below the axis, both may be disrupted. Neurological injuries are rare because the spinal canal is sufficiently wide at this level.
8 KB (1,237 words) - 18:59, 19 November 2023
...be used to get a 3 dimensional view in the case of a suspected fracture. A bone scan can be used to detect small fractures or [[Stress Fractures|stress fra
...k of congruency in a bone and/or a low radiodensity black line through the bone.
12 KB (1,858 words) - 09:29, 25 March 2024
...incidence rate of fracture seen in association with each digit metacarpal bone increases from the radial to the ulnar side. The incidence rate of 2nd meta
...axial load to a clenched fist which causes direct trauma to the metacarpal bone, commonly resulting in apex dorsal angulation due in part to the forces exe
8 KB (1,273 words) - 16:41, 25 September 2022
...foot]] (e.g. Pott's fracture)<ref name="p1">Khan K, Bruker P. Ankle acute injuries. Encyclopaedia of sports medicine and science. TD Fahey (Ed). Internet soci
...erate-to-severe ligament sprain. Both conditions may result from inversion injuries, with severe pain and varying degrees of swelling and disability.
11 KB (1,655 words) - 10:33, 10 December 2022
...ncidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
Many people develop joint and soft tissues disorders ranging from minor injuries to long-term conditions. Two long-term conditions that are well documented
10 KB (1,391 words) - 13:23, 25 February 2022
Majority of injuries occur in the ring finger at the point of insertion which is the weakest poi
...nd fracture fragment retract to the [[Pulley A2 and A4|A4 pulley]], as the bone fragment limits further retraction.
9 KB (1,407 words) - 19:54, 10 April 2022
Sports injuries are diverse in terms of the mechanism of injury, how they present in indivi
...e IOC manual of sports injuries: an illustrated guide to the management of injuries in physical activity]. John Wiley & Sons; 2012 Jun 12.
26 KB (3,778 words) - 06:56, 15 October 2023
The Ottawa Knee Rules determine the need for radiographs in acute knee injuries. This screening tool was developed because of the need for a rapid and accu
...al. Derivation of a decision rule for the use of radiography in acute knee injuries. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;26:405-413.</ref>
10 KB (1,484 words) - 01:20, 8 May 2020
The cervical sprain from whiplash is one of the injuries that occurs most frequently in minor or moderate traffic accidents. Where t
...sents neck pain and / or joint stiffness, does not present neurological or bone alterations.
4 KB (562 words) - 15:13, 6 September 2021
...5lywYu_xEsKN6rQP-9Ca6AM&scisig=AAGBfm1zee7umg5uN42e02OpIHG5FnNW6w Shoulder injuries in overhead athletes: the “dead arm” revisited]. Clinics in sports medi
...tion, it can also be caused by calcification in the ball and socket joint, bone spurs in the [[Acromioclavicular Joint Disorders|acromion]], impingement of
9 KB (1,434 words) - 09:20, 5 February 2023
...[[knee]] joint and ankle joint. The tibial spine is a specialized ridge of bone in the tibia where the anterior cruciate ligament ([[Anterior Cruciate Liga
...(also called Tibial Eminence Fracture) is a break at the top of the tibia bone in the lower leg near the knee as a result of high amounts of tension place
10 KB (1,398 words) - 12:22, 16 October 2023
...ion to refect upon a similar condition with symptoms including bone stress injuries with a combination of low energy availability, low BMD, and hypogonadotropi
...are its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and on [[bone]] health.
10 KB (1,516 words) - 11:51, 17 November 2022
...zbarsky JJ, Boyle C, Marx RG. Complications in Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries and Related Surgery. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 2020;28(1):30-3. </ref>
...or cruciate ligament injury. In: Coleman N., editor. Common pediatric knee injuries. Springer, Cham, 2021. p133-41.</ref>
12 KB (1,717 words) - 09:12, 20 November 2022
...es on each hand. These muscles are unusual in that they do not attach to [[bone]]. Instead, they attach proximally to the tendons of [[Flexor Digitorum Pro
...cles on each hand. These muscles are unusual in that they do not attach to bone. Instead, they attach proximally to the tendons of flexor digitorum profun
8 KB (1,211 words) - 17:58, 17 March 2023
[[File:Hamate bone (left hand) - animation.gif|right|frameless]]
[[Hamate]] fractures are rare and underreported. These injuries are usually misdiagnosed or confused with simple [[Wrist Sprain|wrist spra
12 KB (1,793 words) - 15:46, 31 May 2022
...epending upon the degree of mineralization, collagen tissues may be rigid (bone) or compliant (tendon) or have a gradient from rigid to compliant.
* [[Osteogenesis Imperfecta|Osteogenesis imperfecta]] (Brittle Bone disease)
7 KB (915 words) - 02:39, 20 June 2022
...ptible to chronic mechanical injuries, commonly resulting in the growth of bone spurs which are also known as osteophytes.
Severe injuries to the head and neck commonly effect the uncovertebral joints of the cervic
10 KB (1,468 words) - 06:11, 30 November 2020
...rts training. During the time away from National Training Alan had 2 major injuries.
Alan has Type 3 Osteogenesis Imperfecta and has had 105 long bone fractures (majority occurred during childhood and adolescence with a decrea
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...normal physiological loading, this micro-damage will be healed through the bone remodelling. With repetitive loading, however, an imbalance between the rem
...the affected rower, and on crew members and coaches. Furthermore, because injuries can require up to 6–8 weeks of rest, a rib stress fracture can be a seaso
14 KB (2,205 words) - 02:24, 27 January 2023
...2017 Oct;45(12):2713-22.</ref> Groin injuries accounts for 14 - 19% of all injuries in male football clubs and 2 - 14% in women. <ref>Waldén M, Hägglund M, E
...iencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0949328X17301175?via%3Dihub Groin injuries in athletes–new stepping stones. Sports Orthopaedics and Traumatology]. 2
10 KB (1,378 words) - 10:35, 22 November 2021
== Location of Injuries ==
Labral injuries are named according to their location:
8 KB (1,041 words) - 15:32, 26 July 2023
{{#ev:youtube|dEX43YHaOxQ}}<ref>Sports Injuries And Rehabilitation. Bowstring test. Available from:https://www.youtube.com/
...Slump and Bowstring tests are useful for the diagnosis of sciatica.] Joint bone spine. 2020 Jun 16:105030.</ref>
3 KB (432 words) - 19:07, 17 January 2024
...nt Capsular Anatomy, Mechanics, and Surgical Management." ''The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume'' ''101'', no. 23 (2019): 2141-2151. Acc
Injuries to the ischiofemoral ligament can occur in dislocations, leading to lesions
3 KB (405 words) - 17:19, 30 March 2024
...g for idiopathic clubfoot in infants: a prospective randomized trial]. The Bone & Joint Journal. 2020 Oct 3;102(10):1399-404.</ref>
|Finger Injuries
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[[File: Bone stress injury-Running.jpg|thumb|]]
...es are present. Stress fractures account for > 10% of total sports-related injuries and it could be as high as 30% in running. <ref name=":3">Robertson GA, Woo
29 KB (4,291 words) - 10:00, 10 May 2024
...injury]. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. 2020 Feb 13;6(1):1-25.</ref> Burn injuries are a significant problem with more than 500,000 people seeking medical tre
Burn injuries can have devastating sequelae that can cause long term morbidity. The best
15 KB (2,184 words) - 08:24, 21 November 2022
...contains both bone and cartilage and usually occurs near the end of a long bone (osteochondroma) or bony tumours. Tenderness of palpation over the tendons
=== Tendinopathy and muscle complex injuries<ref name="p1" /> ===
18 KB (2,693 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
== Common Injuries to the Rotator Cuff ==
...e to overhead activities (e.g. volleyball, tennis, pitching). Incidence of injuries increases with age, however some individuals with rotator cuff pathology ma
13 KB (1,786 words) - 18:27, 7 December 2023
...orts injury <ref name="G" />. Furthermore, at primary care clinics, sports injuries are reported to be the main reason for a pediatric visit <ref name="G" />.
...ame="SS" />. Individuals in the 13-17 year old age group tend to have more injuries of the pelvis, spine, and chest <ref name="SS" />.
21 KB (3,129 words) - 19:34, 4 July 2023
...me out of the glenoid labrum. Contact [[Sport Injury Classification|sports injuries]] are a common cause a dislocated shoulder as are motor trauma and [[falls]
...n cause the humeral head to come out of the glenoid labrum. Contact sports injuries are a common cause a dislocated shoulder as are motor trauma and falls.<ref
14 KB (1,958 words) - 18:58, 8 March 2024
...P HEAT AND JOINT MOBILIZATIONS INCREASE RANGE OF MOTION IN TRAUMATIC ELBOW INJURIES. Medical Research Archives. 2016 Jul 19(3).</ref>For improved results, it i
*Force is applied at the proximal ulna at 45 degree angle to the shaft of the bone.<ref name=":0">Carolyn Kisner. Therapeutic Exercise. Foundations and techni
9 KB (1,305 words) - 15:50, 15 December 2022
...w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431095/ Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Knee] Injuries.4.6.2019 Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431095/ (last
.... F., et al., 2007. The Anatomy of the Medial Part of the Knee. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery [online]. 89(9), pp. 2000-2010. [viewed 12 September 2016
11 KB (1,589 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...rocess in older individuals. The acute tears frequently result from sports injuries where there is a twisting motion on the partially flexed, weight-bearing kn
...ed: Evaluation of various methods of performing McMurrays test, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - British Volume, Vol 90-B, Issue SUPP_II, 320.]</ref>
5 KB (695 words) - 19:07, 29 November 2022
...hout any precipitating trauma but typically occurs after a long [[Fracture|bone fracture]], with tibial fractures being the most common cause of the condit
...ctures, the most common cause of acute compartment syndrome is soft tissue injuries.
10 KB (1,413 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
...agnostic imaging is under-utilised such as x-rays identifying fractures or bone scans identifying osteoporosis<ref>Van Tulder MW, Tuut M, Pennick V, Bombar
#Air and cortical bone appears dark
15 KB (2,244 words) - 21:58, 11 November 2022
[[Category:Sports Injuries]]
[[Category:Bone - Conditions]]
3 KB (456 words) - 16:36, 28 June 2020
...luding changes in athletic training, specific anatomic features, decreased bone density, and diseases.<ref name=":0" /> Fractures of the fibula sometimes o
...J, Singh D. The peroneus quartus muscle. Anatomy and clinical relevance. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2003; 85:1134.</ref> The fibrous attachment between the tibi
15 KB (2,120 words) - 13:56, 11 January 2024
...oi/abs/10.1302/0301-620X.42B4.788 Javelin thrower's elbow]. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume. 1960 Nov;42(4):788-92.</ref> </blockquot
...p1">J.E. Miller. (4 November 1960). Javelin throwers elbow. The journal of bone and joint surgery (level: A1)</ref>
10 KB (1,446 words) - 16:08, 8 April 2022
...="p3">Physioroom. Os Trigonum Syndrome in Depth. http://www.physioroom.com/injuries/ankle_and_foot/os_trigonum_full.php (accessed 21 November 2011).</ref><ref
...ooth or serrated margins. The os trigonum is usually seen as an individual bone, but can also exist of two or more pieces. It is less than 1cm in size, but
10 KB (1,455 words) - 18:29, 16 July 2021
...in general, during disasters and conflicts, patients present with multiple injuries, and open and complex fractures are common, which can complicate your rehab
...employed.<ref name=":4" /> Initial evaluations are conducted to assess the injuries and are categorised on the severity and probability of survivorship.<ref na
30 KB (4,278 words) - 23:43, 25 January 2023
...lles tendon reduces friction to allow free movement of the tendon over the bone.<ref name="Moore" />
...leus muscles. It inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus (heel bone). The [[plantaris]] tendon also fuses with the medial side of the Achilles
11 KB (1,626 words) - 14:43, 19 April 2022
...n as lunatomalacia (coined by Robert Kienbock to describe softening of the bone in the acute process). Kienbock's disease (KD) is defined by avascular necr
[[File:Lunate bone (left hand) - animation01.gif|right|frameless]]
15 KB (2,164 words) - 20:04, 15 March 2022
* Resistive mode: affects tissues with higher resistance (joint, bone, tendon)
* Acute or chronic injuries / inflammation
4 KB (465 words) - 11:02, 11 April 2024
...cation.jpeg|none|thumb|424x424px|Classification of Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries sourced from Frank et al <ref name=":0" />]]
...ame=":0">Frank RM, Cotter EJ, Leroux TS, Romeo AA. Acromioclavicular joint injuries: evidence-based treatment. JAAOS-Journal of the American Academy of Orthopa
11 KB (1,526 words) - 01:02, 21 October 2023
...ch weight on the midfoot leads to excessive dorsiflexion of the [[Lisfranc Injuries|Lisfranc]]’s joint. Subsequently, the [[talus]] is pressed downwards, and
...ibutions shifts to other parts of your foot and puts strain on different [[bone]]<nowiki/>s, [[Joint Classification|joint]]<nowiki/>s and ligaments than us
9 KB (1,325 words) - 21:03, 27 January 2022
...hlights some factors to consider in persons with amputations and / or burn injuries.
** Burn injuries produce a definable zone of injury. The Jackson’s Burn Model divides the
15 KB (2,107 words) - 22:54, 18 October 2023
...name=":1">Ring D, Jupiter JB, Simpson NS. Monteggia fractures in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998 Dec;80(12):1733-44. PMID: 9875931.</ref>
...assified it into 4 types<ref name=":1" />. This defines a set of traumatic injuries having in common a Monteggia fracture with the dislocation of the radial he
11 KB (1,538 words) - 12:01, 28 June 2023
...ory nerve terminates at the olfactory bulb, located just above the ethmoid bone and below the [[Frontal Lobe|frontal lobe]]. The olfactory bulb acts as a r
* These collection of axons crosses the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, through its perforations, and reach the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]] where it i
7 KB (1,020 words) - 17:17, 4 October 2021
...emiology]], injury surveillance is important as it is key to understanding injuries and it contributes to the development of [[Injury Prevention in Sport|injur
...241/pdf/main.pdf Time for a paradigm shift in the classification of muscle injuries.] Journal of sport and health science. 2017 Sep 1;6(3):255-61.</ref>
27 KB (3,829 words) - 10:53, 13 July 2023
* The mechanisms of these injuries vary from axial loading forces to direct blows to the dorsal hand<ref>Thoma
* Work-related injuries are often the cause in middle-aged patients
15 KB (2,130 words) - 13:16, 9 January 2023
...article reviews conservative and surgical treatment principles in Lisfranc injuries.
The [[Lisfranc Injuries|Lisfranc joint]] is where the tarsal bones connect to the metatarsal bones
19 KB (2,676 words) - 19:21, 22 October 2023
...l ways; it is avascular and its microarchitecture is less organized than [[bone]].
...cartilage is the most widespread type and resembles glass. In the embryo, bone begins as hyaline cartilage and later ossifies.
12 KB (1,705 words) - 11:35, 6 October 2022
...trauma’s little the ankle, the body will respond to this by building extra bone tissue called “osteophytes”. There are 3 types of osteophytes:
...d cause can be arthritis, the body responds to arthritis by building extra bone tissue, these are called osteophytes, the body acts this way because it pre
14 KB (2,186 words) - 12:33, 23 August 2019
...benign, meta-plasmatic, mostly self-limiting process in which [[bone]] or bone-like tissue formation takes place in [[Muscle Cells (Myocyte)|skeletal musc
...ess where normal muscle cells known as fibroblast are replaced by immature bone cells<ref>Beiner JM, Jokl P. Muscle contusion injury and myositis ossifican
7 KB (978 words) - 09:40, 24 October 2021
...imal and a volar one. The volar and dorsal portions attach directly to the bone, while the proximal portion attaches to the hyaline articular cartilage of
...>Butterfield, W.L., Joshi, A.B., & Lichtman, D. (2002). Lunotriquetral injuries. Journal of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. (4), 195- 203. (5
9 KB (1,335 words) - 18:12, 25 April 2024
...ed for osteoblastic differentiation, which is involved in the formation of bone and cartilage cells. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant ma
It is considered a rare or orphan disease within the group of primary bone dysplasias.<ref>Segovia‐Fuentes JI, Egurrola‐Pedraza JA, Castro‐Mendo
7 KB (1,004 words) - 05:19, 28 June 2023
...inly at risk of injury.<ref>Walther M, Reuter I, Leonhard T, Engelhardt M. Injuries and response to overload stress in running as a sport. Der Orthopade. 2005
Assessment is always a process, especially when managing overuse injuries. The assessment process is tailor-made in an optimal way and continues thro
26 KB (3,968 words) - 00:27, 25 January 2023
...rauma resulting in ligament injuries in adults might in children result in bone or growth plate fractures. Isolated knee ligament injury is rare in childre
4 KB (495 words) - 11:16, 16 November 2023
...shot, road traffic accidents (RTAs), falling masonry, flying glass, sports injuries, and blunt force trauma. Soft tissue injury comprises lacerations, abrasion
...are particularly common in the mandible and nose - and also [[Soft Tissue Injuries|soft tissue injury]]. [[CT Scans|CT scanning]] is essential for diagnosis a
17 KB (2,598 words) - 18:55, 17 January 2023
...the digital flexor sheath. The sheath holds the flexor tendons near to the bone, enabling them to successfully "turn a corner" and convert the force genera
...t is composed of visceral and parietal component extending from metacarpal bone to the distal inter-phalangeal joint. It is overlaid by a series of retinac
17 KB (2,623 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
[[Burns Overview|Burns injuries]] can be the result of thermal (flames, hot liquid, contact with hot surfac
...nt-reported outcome measures are important to get an idea of the impact of injuries on an individuals life. There should be a focus on both the physical and ps
17 KB (2,438 words) - 21:33, 19 November 2023
...single trauma may sometimes be sufficient to induce arthropathy, repeated injuries and excess body weight are known to increase the risk for PTA.<ref name=":1
...ult into catching and subsequent pain. These defects does not heal as with bone, but are instead filled with scar tissue. Broken off cartilage need to be s
10 KB (1,500 words) - 15:42, 29 August 2023
...multiple thoracic compression fracture<ref name=":0">Basu S (2012) Spinal injuries in children. Front. Neur. 3:96. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00096</ref>.
Congenital and acquired paediatric spinal cord injuries pose unique management challenges because of the dynamic nature of cognitiv
13 KB (1,818 words) - 17:48, 16 March 2022
...FFPs). Studies have shown a significant increase in low-energy pelvic ring injuries in ages 60 and older<ref name=":0">Ghassibi M, Boyalakuntla DS, Gentile J.
* In some patients, an insidious progress of bone damage leads to increasing displacement, nonunion and persisting instabilit
9 KB (1,237 words) - 20:29, 22 October 2020
Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal and sports-related injuries, constituting nearly 25% of all musculoskeletal trauma cases and almost 40%
...t of the talus. It is the strongest and least injured part of the complex. Injuries to PTFL usually occur in severe ankle sprains which also involve the ATFL a
8 KB (1,224 words) - 10:30, 21 June 2021
* Anterior glenoid bone loss (in cases of recurrent instability)<ref name="kim">Kim DS, Yoon YS, Yi
...efect in the articular surface down to (but not including) the subchondral bone
20 KB (2,736 words) - 16:37, 25 December 2023
[[Scapula]]/shoulder blade is a large triangular bone that lies postero-lateral on the upper back/throracic cage and connects wit
...e fractures. 80% to 95% of all scapular fractures are accompanied by other injuries like fractures of shoulder, collarbone and [[ribs]], or during injury to th
15 KB (2,081 words) - 13:32, 13 March 2023
...Dance Injuries of the Ankle and Foot Course. Plus , 2022.</ref> Moreover, injuries which are higher up in the chain will have an effect on the ankle and foot.
...0 hours of training, the injuries incidence diagnosed was from 0.62 to 5.6 injuries per dancers. Bearing in mind that the technical demand for a professional d
19 KB (2,472 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...eochondral ankle defect is a lesion of the talar cartilage and subchondral bone mostly caused by a single or multiple traumatic events, leading to partial
...escribed as chondral (cartilage only), chondral-subchondral (cartilage and bone), subchondral (intact overlying cartilage), or cystic. Lesions can then be
11 KB (1,705 words) - 21:36, 4 August 2022
Injuries occur when the load placed on a tendon exceeds its capacity.<ref>Snedeker J
</ref><blockquote>"So the capacity of your tendon or muscle or
bone or any tissue in our body, only ever just exceeds the loads that we put on
8 KB (1,282 words) - 11:21, 21 October 2023
...of a shaft (diaphysis) and two extremities (epiphysis). It is the longest bone of the upper extremity.
...m of physiotherapy. Understanding the intricacies of the humerus, the long bone that forms the upper arm, is paramount for physiotherapists seeking to opti
10 KB (1,446 words) - 16:41, 27 December 2023
...usted Life Year|QOL]]). This page outlines the main issues arising from BP injuries and the rationale behind their management.<ref name=":2" />
...nd preventing him from wielding his bow.<ref>Luo TD, Li Z. Brachial Plexus Injuries. [Updated 2018 Dec 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): St
22 KB (3,271 words) - 00:23, 10 March 2024
[[File:Scaphoid bone (left hand) - animation.gif|right|frameless|200x200px]]
...dren and the elderly population, scaphoid fractures are rare. The scaphoid bone is stronger than the relatively weak distal [[radius]] in these age groups.
18 KB (2,659 words) - 11:47, 21 February 2022
...of injury is a direct blow to the quadriceps causing significant [[Muscle Injuries|muscle damage]]. Contusions cause rupture to the [[Muscle Cells (Myocyte)|m
...|Myonecrosis]] and hematoma forms followed by scar formation then [[Muscle Injuries: Regeneration Strategies|muscle regeneration]]
13 KB (1,850 words) - 07:19, 5 December 2022
...name=":0">Wild H, Stewart BT, LeBoa C, Stave CD, Wren SM. Epidemiology of injuries sustained by civilians and local combatants in contemporary armed conflict:
...e some paediatric expertise including some understanding of these types of injuries on children.<ref>Ankomah J, Stewart BT, Oppong-Nketia V, et al. Strategic a
16 KB (2,272 words) - 19:19, 23 November 2022
Fractures of the dens represent almost 15% of all cervical spine injuries and represent the most common axial fracture type. The demographic group va
* Type I: avulsion fracture of the apex. Stable injuries.
12 KB (1,851 words) - 22:29, 15 June 2020
...int replacements, and [[Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injuries (TBI)]].<ref name=":0">Sun E, Hanyu-Deutmeyer AA. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih
...small, clinically insignificant foci of ossification to large deposits of bone that cause pain and restriction.
15 KB (1,985 words) - 02:02, 9 March 2023
The patient is an elderly woman who sustained bilateral LE injuries when she was hit by a car. Following failed attempts at limb salvage she ev
...ft distal comminuted displaced Tib/Fib fractures with degloving injury and bone loss, as well as a left calcaneus fracture. Limb salvaging surgery was atte
8 KB (1,245 words) - 18:53, 11 April 2020
...increase and the crack will enlarge. This increase in damage can cause the bone to break on a macroscopic level.<ref name="Maffulli" /> <br>
...physio-pedia.com/Tibia tibia]; however, a stress fracture can occur in any bone. The foot, especially the second metatarsal, is another common place for st
21 KB (3,193 words) - 14:14, 1 June 2020
...dislocation of the elbow joint: relationship to medial instability.] J of Bone and Joint Surg, 82-A(4): 555-560, 2000.</ref><ref name="Haan">Haan J, Schep
...cation of the elbow joint. A prospective randomized study]. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume. 1987 Apr;69(4):605-8.</ref>
15 KB (2,138 words) - 09:11, 22 February 2022
...n">Bain LG, Sun QF, Zhao WG, Shen JK, Tirakotai W, Bertalanffy H. Temporal bone chondroblastoma: A review. Neuropathology 2005; 25, 159–164.</ref>. The m
...ilaginous tumour, accounting for approximately 1% of the benign tumours of bone. The peak incidence is in the second decade of life and is slightly more co
15 KB (2,196 words) - 08:01, 31 July 2020
* decreased bone density (especially spine),
* [[kyphosis]] and back pain (secondary to bone loss),
9 KB (1,179 words) - 16:25, 7 February 2023
A [[Metatarsals|metatarsal]] bone fracture is a complete or incomplete break in one of the five metatarsal bo
The foot consists out of 5 metatarsal bones per foot. Every metatarsal bone consists out of three parts: caput ossis metatarsi, corpus ossis metarisi a
26 KB (3,860 words) - 22:31, 15 March 2024
** '''Origin''' - [[pisiform]] bone and the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
...tion are due to the involvement of the extrinsic muscles, intrinsic muscle injuries are yet relevant. Median nerve compression at carpal's tunnel will affect t
12 KB (1,871 words) - 14:47, 24 June 2023
....<ref name=":0" />. Most occur as a result of physical trauma or [[Overuse Injuries - an Individualised Approach|repetitive activity]].<ref name=":4" />
...ndrome|Subacromial impingement syndrome]], or in tandem with subscapularis injuries.
9 KB (1,385 words) - 13:09, 14 March 2023
*Asymmetrical collection of fluid high signal intensity peripheral of bone
...tis from oedema and inflammation in the left & nbsp; hip, with no apparent bone pathology. Reprinted from tall et al, 2011.<ref name="Tall" /></sub><b
14 KB (1,994 words) - 20:50, 2 January 2024
...he pituitary gland (a small structure at the base of the brain), and helps bone, muscle and organs grow. <ref>Bioserum Not all growth factors are equal Ava
...L, Hamilton B. Growth factor delivery methods in the management of sports injuries: the state of play. British journal of sports medicine. 2008 May 1;42(5):31
7 KB (897 words) - 11:06, 18 October 2023
...e lower back to the lower pelvis. Some of these fibers extend to the femur bone, or thighbone.<ref>Iliacus Muscle Origin, Function & Anatomy | Body Maps ww
...stretching. As this muscle shortens, it can start to cause dysfunction and injuries in the hip and pelvic regions of the body, such as:
9 KB (1,315 words) - 14:34, 15 June 2023
...ent is often at the origin of carpal injury: the trauma causes ligamentous injuries that lead to misalignments of the joint surfaces, or badly healed fractures
...ent lesions are frequent in a young population. Resulting from high-energy injuries they principally include perilunate dislocation and scapholunate dissociati
27 KB (3,860 words) - 15:01, 31 August 2023
The ulnar nerve then travels alongside the ulnar bone of the forearm into the wrist. As the nerve descends into the forearm, it
At the wrist, the ulnar nerve lies just lateral to the [[pisiform]] bone. The superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supplies and passes under the Pa
8 KB (1,117 words) - 12:04, 19 March 2024
...muscles can overcome minor tears and bruising without intervention, major injuries commonly caused by motor vehicle accidents, other traumas, or nerve damage
...e tissue loss include: high-energy traffic accidents; blast trauma; combat injuries; surgical procedures; orthopedic situations (e.g., after compartment syndro
12 KB (1,656 words) - 09:27, 19 August 2022
...sheets/craniotomy/ Craniotomy Factsheet.] </ref>. If the removed part of [[bone]] is not put back, the operation is instead called a craniectomy, and the f
*[[Occipital Bone|Occipital]]
8 KB (1,049 words) - 16:03, 28 October 2023
...t. <ref name=":1">Wozasek GE, Laske H; 1991; The ligaments of the scaphoid bone; Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. Volume 23(1):18-22 evidence level: E
...interosseous ligament(SLIL) is the link between carpal scaphoid and lunate bone. It ensures stability of the scapholunate joint and helps keep the entire w
8 KB (1,238 words) - 18:55, 7 August 2023
The patella is the largest sesamoid bone. It is located within the complex of the quadriceps and patellar tendon. Th
...-Smith DR, Zumbo BD. A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br J Sports Med 2002;36:95-101.</ref><ref name="p8">I.A. Kapanji. The phys
7 KB (969 words) - 09:58, 24 January 2022
...J, Astion D, Schweitzer ME, Rokito A, Sheskier S: MRI Features of Chronic Injuries of the Superior Peroneal Retinaculum. AJR:181, December 2003</ref>.
Peroneal subluxations account for 0.3-0.5% of traumatic ankle injuries<ref name=":0" />.
14 KB (2,026 words) - 17:44, 5 January 2023
...Physical Examination is sufficient for the diagnosis of sprained ankles. J Bone Joint Surg. 1996; 78-B: 958-962.</ref> In a prospective, blinded, diagnosti
[[Category:Sports Injuries]]
4 KB (536 words) - 14:58, 1 April 2021
...ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4303793/ Rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries.] World journal of orthopedics. 2015 Jan 18;6(1):8. Available from:https://
...revent joint contractures and the loss of muscle strength, conservation of bone density, and to ensure normal functioning of the respiratory and digestive
10 KB (1,547 words) - 07:47, 4 November 2022
...rpose of the tendon is to transmit forces generated from the muscle to the bone to elicit movement. The proximal attachment of the tendon is also known as
...inburger B, Birman V, Genin G. Collagen fiber orientation at the tendon to bone insertion and its influence on stress concentrations. Journal of Biomechani
11 KB (1,713 words) - 03:11, 18 June 2022
[[File:Sesamoid Bone.png|thumb|Sesamoid Bone in the distal end of the first metatarsal ]]
An [[X-Rays|X-ray]] can help to investigate bone and soft tissue:
20 KB (3,014 words) - 15:38, 22 October 2023
# [[Occipital Bone]]
...Model Systems to develop resources for people living with traumatic brain injuries and their supporters. These evidence-based materials are available in a var
9 KB (1,352 words) - 11:27, 24 April 2023
OSD usually develops during the stage of bone maturation (10-12 yrs in girls and 12-14 yrs in boys) . The underlying etio
OSD is an [[Overuse Injuries in Sport|overuse injury]] that mostly appears in active, adolescent patient
13 KB (1,753 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...a significant role in the management of forelimb injuries in horses. These injuries tend to require veterinarian management. However, equine therapists must st
...s well as the basics of physiotherapy assessment and treatment of forelimb injuries.
18 KB (2,538 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...sen L, LaPrade RF, Hackett TR. [https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/1/11.short Injuries in elite and recreational snowboarders.] British journal of sports medicine
[[File:Talus_bone_lateral_view.png|thumb|Talus bone (lateral view)]]
20 KB (3,080 words) - 12:11, 23 September 2022
...dancers may be higher, accounting for up to 17% of reported foot and ankle injuries in this population.<ref name=":1">Marshall P, Hamilton WG. Cuboid subluxati
The cuboid is a pyramid-shaped, short bone on the lateral aspect of the foot with 6 surfaces. It articulates anteriorl
13 KB (1,811 words) - 14:42, 14 December 2022
...rs of the knee and internal rotators<ref name="Miller">Miller RH III. Knee injuries. In: Canale ST, ed. Campbell's operative orthopaedics. St Louis: Mosby; 199
...lateral ligament bursa. Anatomical study and magnetic resonance imaging. J Bone Joint Surg 1994; 76A:1322-1327.</ref><ref name="Kerlan">Kerlan RK, Glousman
15 KB (2,116 words) - 15:34, 19 October 2023
...n. An avulsion fracture occurs because tendons can bear more load than the bone.<ref name="orthopedics">Cluett J. 2022. Avulsion Fracture Causes and Treame
...Exercises. Available from:http://www.epainassist.com/sports-injuries/ankle-injuries/ankle-avulsion-fracture-symptoms-causes-treatment (accessed 25 February 202
11 KB (1,612 words) - 14:08, 25 February 2024
...ople: Finnish statistics during 1970–2000 and projections for the future.] Bone. 2002 Sep 1;31(3):430-3.</ref> Fractures of the foot are less common.<br>
...increase and the crack will enlarge. This increase in damage can cause the bone to break on a macroscopic level.<ref name="Maffulli" /> <br>
25 KB (3,614 words) - 17:24, 27 June 2023
...Guide the Rehabilitation of a Patient With Bilateral Suspected Deep Tissue Injuries and Hip Repair]. Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy. 2015 Dec 1;6(3):87
...ase see [[Inflammation Acute and Chronic]], [[Soft Tissue Healing]] and [[Bone Healing]].
10 KB (1,360 words) - 07:54, 9 January 2023
...t and ankle anatomy is necessary for the proper diagnosis and treatment of injuries.
...name=":0" /> In addition to the navicular and cuneiforms bones, the cuboid bone has a distal articulation with the base of the fourth and fifth metatarsal
20 KB (2,870 words) - 09:19, 23 November 2022
..., by understanding myofascial chains, you may be better able to understand injuries and movement limitations.
...Line.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Figure 3. Superficial back arm line.]][[Occipital Bone|Occipital ridge]]
7 KB (964 words) - 18:21, 13 January 2023
...and cartilage. This can result in localized necrosis and fragmentation of bone and cartilage. [[File:Foto_met_pijl.jpg|Arrow points to calcific flake in d
...bony fragmentation and ultimately detachment of the bony fragment from the bone.<ref name="Felix" />
17 KB (2,340 words) - 17:18, 12 January 2022
...les]].<ref name=":1" /> Patella fractures make up about 1% of all skeletal injuries and are found in all age groups.<ref>Crowther M., Mandal A., Sarangi P. [ht
...ace of the knee at the distal end of the femur. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and makes part of the [[Knee|knee joint]].<ref>Cedars-Sinai. Fr
17 KB (2,331 words) - 00:06, 11 January 2023
...ral cystic changes, disruption of the articular cartilage, and metaplastic bone formation with increased osteoclastic activity.<ref name=":1" />
An additional cause of DCO was synovial invasion of the subchondral bone, leading to osteolysis. However, this mechanism is debated.<ref name=":1" /
10 KB (1,388 words) - 14:25, 13 February 2023
...s, although it is worth noting that true focal injuries are rare and blast injuries lack a pure neuropathological correlate. The clinical presentation and prog
==1.Primary v Secondary Injuries==
14 KB (2,045 words) - 15:48, 24 July 2023
...[[Image:ClavicleFracture2.jpg|thumb|right]] The clavicle is the first bone in the human body to begin intramembranous ossification directly from mesen
...also known as a broken collarbone. Clavicle fractures are very common injuries in adults (2–5%) and children (10–15%) and represent the 44–66% of al
22 KB (3,141 words) - 13:33, 13 March 2023
...c accuracy).<ref name="Laprade">Laprade RF, Wijdicks CA. The Management of Injuries to the Medial Side of the Knee. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports Physical Ther
...us stress radiograph of grade III LCL tear. Reprinted from The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. http://jbjs.org/article.aspx?Volume=90&page=2069
12 KB (1,773 words) - 11:14, 16 November 2023
== '''Classification of Peripheral Nerve Injuries''' ==
...shers, Rockville, MD 1989</ref><ref name=":1">Hershman EB. Brachial plexus injuries. Clin Sports Med 1990; 9:311.</ref>. Axonal integrity is preserved, and rem
20 KB (2,818 words) - 16:02, 29 June 2023
...orm of exercise, throughout the world, over the last few decades. Although injuries are possible, there are many health benefits to running. However, there is
* Positively affects [[Bone Density|bone mineral density]], and weight control
27 KB (3,985 words) - 03:38, 3 September 2023
...ntity as primarily an instability of the subtalar joint due to ligamentous injuries that results in a synovitis and infiltration of fibrotic tissue into the si
...in Athletes. Am J Sports Med. 2014 Jul;42(7):1549-57.</ref> which leads to injuries of the interosseus and cervical ligaments.
20 KB (3,019 words) - 20:21, 15 July 2022
...one?utm_source=physiopedia&utm_medium=search&utm_campaign=ongoing_internal bone]. A bursa is filled with a thin layer of [https://www.physio-pedia.com/Syno
*Can rule out arthritis and bone deformities<ref name=":1" />
8 KB (1,067 words) - 14:45, 5 October 2023
...vere consequences. A vertebral fracture is less obvious compared to a long bone fracture but is often very painful. <ref>Todd S., Di Marco M. Vertebral Fra
Cervical spine injuries in children usually occur in the upper [[Cervical Spine Case Studies|cervic
29 KB (4,213 words) - 11:30, 12 March 2023
It is important to remember, that in acute injuries, the finding of hyperalgesia is a normal adaptive response. Since the injur
'''Acute injuries'''
12 KB (1,569 words) - 14:05, 19 March 2024
The lower leg is composed of two bone pieces, the tibia and the fibula. Those two bones form a fibrous joint, a s
...bular diastasis can also be associated with external rotation or abduction injuries of the ankle or eversion of the talus and hyperdorsiflexion that can cause
24 KB (3,742 words) - 01:39, 31 August 2019
** Penetrating injuries affecting the articular surface (e.g. panga wounds)
...aspx Cyclic loading of olecranon fracture fixation constructs.] Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 2003;85(5):831-7.</ref><ref name=":2">Koslowsky TC, Mader
10 KB (1,339 words) - 14:35, 7 December 2023
...and smoking, but in disaster and conflict settings, the following types of injuries and conditions significantly increase the risk of infections:
* Open injuries with high levels of contamination (crush or blast injuries) - associated with a very high risk of infection.
26 KB (3,595 words) - 11:15, 17 February 2023
It represents a comprehensive approach to managing sports injuries and promoting recovery. This protocol emphasizes the importance of movement
...temporary approach used for the treatment of [[Soft Tissue Injuries|sports injuries]]. It is a comprehensive strategy that focuses on promoting healing and res
13 KB (1,876 words) - 21:27, 1 April 2024
...nd Disability Drivers Model, which can be used to assess and treat gunshot injuries.
== General Management Principles for Individuals with Gunshot Injuries ==
17 KB (2,269 words) - 12:56, 1 May 2024
...StgXx9g}}<ref>Wall Street Journal. How Children and Teens Can Avoid Sports Injuries. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Igl_StgXx9g [last accessed
== Defining Overuse Injuries and Burnout ==
26 KB (3,591 words) - 19:29, 26 August 2022
...ften used after fracture injuries to support and reduce forces through the bone while healing. The air cells can be inflated around the foot and ankle, com
...foot. This reduces the risk of further injury to lower limb structures, or injuries secondary to a fall.
8 KB (1,219 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...-intensity aerobic activities, as well as those that strengthen muscle and bone, at least 3 days a week.
* High-impact activities can increase (or help to maintain) [[Bone|bone density]]<ref name=":0" />.
15 KB (2,018 words) - 02:04, 19 October 2021
...hondritis dissecans is an idiopathic disease which affects the subchondral bone and its overlying articular cartilage due to loss of blood flow. <ref name=
...1A</ref> In patients with osteochondritis dissecans, the subchondral bone with his articular cartilage doesn’t get any blood supply anymore and deg
19 KB (2,919 words) - 01:18, 30 August 2019
...ulzbacher I, Grampp S, Czerny C, Youssefzadeh S, Kainberger F. Subchondral bone and cartilage disease: a rediscovered functional unit. Investigative radiol
...ting the structure of the cartilaginous surface and underlying subchondral bone. When the lesion's healing phase begins and tissue forms, the new tissue is
16 KB (2,239 words) - 22:47, 25 January 2023
...Syndrome (PCS) is the rarest form of incomplete [[Overview of Spinal Cord Injuries|spinal cord injury]]. An individual with this form of spinal cord injury (S
...Cord Injury Statistical Center reports that 67.2% of traumatic spinal cord injuries are incomplete.<ref>National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center. [https:
14 KB (2,026 words) - 16:58, 2 February 2024
* Tendons and Ligament Injuries
* If lameness persists, this could be due to chronic or deep bone pain
21 KB (2,990 words) - 19:46, 4 January 2023
...The quadriceps tendon in combination with patellar tendon and the patella bone make up the extensor mechanism of the lower leg. These muscles derive their
...tears, which commonly occur before age 40, and are often related to sports injuries. <ref name=":3" /><br>A muscle rupture often happens during a high impact a
17 KB (2,438 words) - 17:50, 27 June 2023
...res|fractures]]. Of these injuries, the most common injuries discussed are injuries to the [[Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction|ACL]].<ref name="C
Overall, it has been accepted that the majority of musculoskeletal injuries tend to be more sports specific rather than gender-specific, but over recen
33 KB (4,946 words) - 11:21, 21 April 2023
* Further joint space narrowing with cystic changes and sclerotic bone
* Cystic and sclerotic subchondral bone changes
15 KB (1,983 words) - 07:40, 3 September 2023
...youths. Physical Education and Sport 2009;7:189-196</ref> Most of the injuries reported are due to inappropriate training techniques, lack of or inadequat
...es, enhancing overall health and well-being<ref name="AAP" />, increase in bone mineral density and cardio-respiratory fitness, weight management and impro
7 KB (1,031 words) - 12:08, 25 December 2021
...s://pmj.bmj.com/content/81/952/108.full History of the treatment of spinal injuries]. Postgraduate medical journal. 2005 Feb 1;81(952):108-14.</ref>
...48–1900) in Germany developed the first treatment protocol for spinal cord injuries. Together with Paul Stolper (1865–1906), he co-authored a book on spinal
26 KB (3,756 words) - 05:18, 5 August 2022
...ut they can also occur during knee hyperextension<ref name=":0" />. These injuries typically occur during motor vehicle accidents and contact sports<ref name=
...be injured by falling onto a flexed knee. The most common sports where PCL injuries occur are football, skiing, basketball and baseball<ref>Bernhardson AS, DeP
15 KB (2,167 words) - 15:02, 17 April 2023
...rr DB, Turner CH, Qiu J, Tu Y, Onyia JE, Duncan RL. Mechanotransduction in bone: osteoblasts are more responsive to fluid forces than mechanical strain. Am
...ical influences in disc degeneration and prolapse: medico-legal relevance. Bone & Joint360. 2014;3(2):1-4.</ref>.
14 KB (1,917 words) - 14:29, 2 May 2024
...is makes these tendons susceptible to injuries such as lacerations or open injuries.<ref name=":1" /> Another reason is the lack of subcutaneous tissue between
...ints.<ref name=":1">Yoon AP, Chung KC. Management of acute extensor tendon injuries. Clinics in plastic surgery. 2019 Jul 1;46(3):383-91.
31 KB (4,793 words) - 09:57, 12 December 2022
...015; 4:360</ref> Most whiplash associated disorders are minor soft tissue injuries lacking evidence for fractures.<ref>Bragg KJ, Varacallo M. Cervical Sprain.
...ing with [[anterior longitudinal ligament]], cadaveric studies of whiplash injuries have found tears as well as rim lesions of the anterior anulus fibrosus. <r
10 KB (1,440 words) - 19:47, 26 December 2023
...rearm/wrist and leg/ankle areas. This study demonstrates that instances of injuries among athletes with a disability was nearly equal when compared to athletes
...g participants with injuries was approximately equal to the number of injuries among athletes without a disability. <br>
22 KB (3,262 words) - 10:43, 30 August 2018
Back problems in horses are often related to chronic or long-standing injuries. There may also be more than one spinal lesion affecting the horse’s perf
...nal structures, including muscle, ligament, osseous / vertebral, and nerve injuries.<ref name=":2" /> The following table, adapted from Hinchcliffe and colle
18 KB (2,628 words) - 11:48, 18 August 2022
...hing to be defined as a stress fracture there must be a clear crack in the bone without it being a complete crack as that would be a different type of frac
...surpassing the rate of osteoblastic activity, this causes weakening of the bone making it susceptible to stress fracture. Over time the fracture develops.
22 KB (3,212 words) - 11:22, 10 May 2024
...ificant trauma and may require X-Ray to rule out tibial plateau fractures, bone bruises or an MRI to investigate the integrity of the ligaments.
...4k|300}}<ref>BJSM Videos. Knee Exam (20 of 27): Acute patellofemoral joint injuries. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDJXSYlMK4k [last accessed
12 KB (1,651 words) - 11:13, 16 November 2023
...A. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871955/ Preventing dance injuries: current perspectives]. Open access journal of sports medicine. 2013;4:199.
...njuries_in.13.aspx?context=LatestArticles Risk factors for lower-extremity injuries in female ballet dancers: a systematic review.] Clinical journal of sport m
16 KB (2,329 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
Tibial plateau fractures are complex injuries of the knee. The tibial plateau is one of the most critical load-bearing ar
...al Lesions|menisci]] and [[Articular Cartilage Lesions|articular cartilage injuries]]<ref name="two" />
16 KB (2,245 words) - 17:17, 28 November 2019
Superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) tears are injuries of the [[Glenoid Labrum|glenoid labrum]]. They involve the superior glenoid
...et-handle tear of the labrum with an intact biceps tendon insertion to the bone.
13 KB (1,831 words) - 07:12, 11 January 2023
...le, with separations of the AC Joint accounting for 40% of shoulder girdle injuries in athletes. Commonly, injury happens when falling onto an outstretched han
...racoclavicular ligaments.<ref name="Beim">Beim GM. Acromioclavicular joint injuries. Journal of Athletic Training 2000;35(3):261-267.</ref><br>[[Image:AC injur
22 KB (3,205 words) - 10:00, 18 August 2022
'''Origin''': pectineal line (pecten pubis) and adjacent bone of pelvis
...hing a leg or legs too far out to the side or front of the body. Pectineus injuries can also be caused by rapid movements like kicking or sprinting, changing d
6 KB (807 words) - 13:19, 3 October 2023
...MC, Bendall SP. Synovial impingement in the ankle. A new physical sign. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2003;85(3):330-333.</ref>
[[Category:Sports Injuries]]
5 KB (751 words) - 23:01, 2 March 2021
...of many diseases. Even in healthy and active people; strength, endurance, bone density, and flexibility all decline at a rate of approximately 10% per dec
...ubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32644982/ Trends in Nonfatal Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Adults Aged≥ 65 Years—United States, 2012–2018. MMWR.] Morbidit
16 KB (2,308 words) - 14:18, 30 January 2024
...at in humans. It is distributed within subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and bone marrow fat.
* White adipose tissue is also present in the [[Bone Marrow|bone marrow]] and can be found in the pericardium surrounding the [[Anatomy of t
11 KB (1,535 words) - 11:01, 5 January 2023
...on of the rider’s weight as well.<ref name=":1">Legg K. Anatomy and Common Injuries of the Equine Forelimb Course. Plus , 2021.</ref>
...ow consists of the first, second, third and fourth carpal bones. The first bone is small and inconsistent
24 KB (3,509 words) - 06:55, 4 January 2023
[[Category:Sports Injuries]]
...nal of Sports Medicine (BJSM). Paediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MM6UY1MpqAE. Published on 1
29 KB (4,132 words) - 14:53, 15 March 2021
...lection of all sound waves back into the transducer head upon contact with bone<ref name=":0" />
...easingly available, leading to prompt ultrasonographic diagnosis of sports injuries on the field<ref>Chiang YP, Wang TG, Hsieh SF. [https://www.sciencedirect.c
14 KB (2,046 words) - 12:39, 21 September 2023
...cognition and effective management of autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injuries. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy.] 2007 May 1;8(7):945-56.</ref><ref name
# [[Bone|Bones]] ([[Fracture|fractures]], dislocations)
12 KB (1,634 words) - 23:08, 19 June 2023
...uring sport activities.<ref name=":1">Brukner P. Clinical sports medicine: Injuries. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Limited; 2017.</ref> Mechanics is a
...injury. Some examples of the relationship between technique and associated injuries are listed in the table below.
22 KB (3,209 words) - 09:58, 18 August 2022
...ar old baseball players. <ref name="Adirim">Adirim T, Cheng T. Overview of injuries in the young athlete. Sports Medicine [serial online]. 2003;33(1):75-81. Av
'''''Medial sided injuries'''''
18 KB (2,535 words) - 14:30, 13 July 2023
...adiocarpal joint, where the radius interfaces with the lunate and scaphoid bone of the wrist. A fracture of the distal radius is usually caused by falling
...hrane Library. 2008;4:1-67.</ref>. The radius is the most commonly broken bone in the arm.<br>
32 KB (4,507 words) - 11:40, 22 November 2023
...r by high-energy impact. They can range in severity from relatively benign injuries to life-threatening, unstable fractures.
...s that form the lateral and anterior aspects of the pelvis. Each adult hip bone is formed by three separate bones that fuse together during the late teenag
26 KB (3,813 words) - 23:30, 3 December 2022
...ence the development or exacerbation of musculoskeletal overuse or stress injuries.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Ahn J, Simpkins C, Yang F. Ground reaction forces and
...In general, the greater the forces, the greater risk for stress or overuse injuries.<ref name=":0" />
17 KB (2,602 words) - 05:57, 30 January 2023
...ores or pressure ulcers, are [[Integumentary System|skin]] and soft tissue injuries that form as a result of constant or prolonged pressure exerted on the skin
...ones. Joint infections (septic arthritis) can damage cartilage and tissue. Bone infections (osteomyelitis) can reduce the function of joints and limbs.
16 KB (2,368 words) - 11:44, 13 May 2024
[[Osteoporosis]] is a characterised by a decrease in bone density which results in bones become increasingly porous and brittle leadi
Osteopenia is a milder reduction in bone density, which can be described as being a midpoint between having healthy
10 KB (1,420 words) - 18:45, 14 November 2022
*[[Accessory Navicular Bone]]
*Bone
11 KB (1,341 words) - 18:21, 7 December 2023
...e have fused on either or both sides to form articular pillars, columns of bone that project laterally from the junction of the pedicle and lamina.
...sterior part. These two parts are joined, outside the foramen, by a bar of bone that exhibits a deep sulcus on its upper surface for the passage of the cor
15 KB (2,243 words) - 10:15, 24 January 2022
...rontal lobe(red); parietal lobe(orange); temporal lobe(green); [[Occipital Bone|occipital]] lobe(yellow) and [[Brainstem|Brain stem]](black); [[Cerebellum]
...om incidents such as road trauma, [[Traumatic Brain Injury|traumatic brain injuries]], [[Stroke|stroke,]] or other [[Neurodegenerative Disease|neurodegenerativ
6 KB (890 words) - 12:04, 8 January 2021
...prain#cite_note-Roos-1 Lateral ankle ligament injury] make up 85% of ankle injuries<ref name=":0">Roos KG, Kerr ZY, Mauntel TC, Djoko A, Dompier TP, Wickstrom
...:885. </ref> are used to determine the need for radiography in acute ankle injuries. If these rules are positive, the patient/athlete needs an x-ray to rule ou
10 KB (1,403 words) - 10:35, 30 November 2023
Panner's disease is [[bone]] growth disorder (osteochondrosis) of the humeral capitellum ossification
..., Ganley T. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25840494/ Common medial elbow injuries in the adolescent athlete]. J Hand Ther. 2015 Apr-Jun;28(2):201-10; quiz 21
5 KB (693 words) - 13:33, 14 October 2022
...s but is not limited to impairments on metabolic rate, menstrual function, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, and cardiovascular health’<ref name=
...the low energy availability extend far further than menstrual function and bone health.
22 KB (3,018 words) - 13:30, 20 July 2023
...iomechanics of the Wrist and Hand]. In: Doral M., Karlsson J. (eds) Sports Injuries. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg Available from:https://link.springer.com/refe
* '''[[Pisiform]]''' – (pea shaped) = a small round bone found in the tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris. It articulates with the palm
24 KB (3,535 words) - 14:25, 31 August 2023
...in MTSS is related to unrepaired microdamage accumulation in the cortical bone of the distal tibia, however this has not been definitively established. Tw
...the [[Tibialis Posterior|tibialis posterior]] or [[soleus]], supported by bone scintigraphy findings of a broad linear band of increased uptake along the
16 KB (2,212 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...during childhood but its contributions are less significant in adulthood. Injuries to the ligamentum teres and foveal artery can result in osteonecrosis of th
The acetabulum is the area of the pelvic bone where the ilium, ischium, and pubis converge. The articulation of the head
10 KB (1,544 words) - 00:57, 10 May 2024
* [[Bone Marrow|bone marrow]] or organ transplant
...pg|right|frameless]]Severe Immunosuppression - eg. Chemotherapy, HIV, and bone marrow ablation are examples of severe immunosuppression that can make a pe
12 KB (1,608 words) - 08:34, 22 February 2023
...tivity|physical activity]]/[[Therapeutic Exercise|exercise]], and [[Muscle Injuries|injury]] or [[Muscle Disorders|disease]].<ref name=":0">Frontera WR, Ochala
5 KB (687 words) - 06:02, 21 April 2023
* Increases in [[Bone Density|bone density]] and the ability to recover bone mass <ref name=":1" />
*Injuries to the skin or joints (blisters, pressure sores, muscle tears, etc) <ref na
15 KB (2,141 words) - 20:41, 23 January 2024
.... Available from: https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/nerve-injuries/ (last accessed 15.3.2019)</ref> These symptoms are similar to those caused
* Injection injuries - also referred to as injection palsy<ref name=":2">Toopchizadeh V, Barzega
12 KB (1,768 words) - 14:18, 7 May 2023
...ysio-pedia.com/Cervical_Vertebrae cervical vertebrae] from C1 to C7, hyoid bone, manubrium of sternum and clavicles<ref name=":0" />. The cervical spine ha
...two articular facets (anterior and posterior) which articulate with atlas bone and atlas transverse ligament. C2 has a smaller and triangular vertebral fo
9 KB (1,255 words) - 19:01, 8 March 2024
...ic (ie, without infection) and usually occur when trauma or repeated small injuries lead to bleeding into the bursa or release of inflammatory mediators.<ref n
* This condition can be caused by acute injuries (trauma) during sports activities because they can include any action that
12 KB (1,787 words) - 08:25, 2 January 2024
...tendinous unit is the iliopsoas bursa, which separates the tendon from the bone surface and the proximal portion of the femur.
...A, Whiteley R, Thorborg K, Robinson M, Hölmich P. Diagnosis of acute groin injuries: a prospective study of 110 athletes. The American journal of sports medici
8 KB (1,218 words) - 23:54, 31 March 2024
...ghegan L, Wormald JC, Adami RZ, Rodrigues JN. Central slip extensor tendon injuries: a systematic review of treatments. Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volum
...injuries can occur when lacerations disrupt the central slip. Central slip injuries may also occur in the setting of passively forced flexion of an actively ex
15 KB (2,239 words) - 14:25, 4 May 2021
...disciplines and athletic populations.<ref name=":1" /> Calf muscle strain injuries (CMSI) occur commonly in sports involving high-speed running or increased v
...ocnemius vs. soleus strain: how to differentiate and deal with calf muscle injuries]. Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine. 2009 Jun 1;2(2):74-7. </ref
24 KB (3,601 words) - 21:33, 12 April 2023
* It increases bone mineral density and promotes fracture healing and joint stability. <ref nam
...g), and high cumulative dose (≈ 7000 min) to improve lumbar spine area of bone mineral density (aBMD) in postmenopausal women.
12 KB (1,648 words) - 20:07, 26 March 2024
...hological changes and their potential role in childhood meniscal injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Apr 1983;65(4):538-47. (level: A2)</ref>.
== Associated Injuries/Differential Diagnosis ==
11 KB (1,679 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...toid process (orthotropic) or in the vicinity of the base of the occipital bone, more precisely in the area of the foramen magnum (dystopic) with no bony l
...atlantoaxial joint dislocation is less than 2% among upper cervical spine injuries<ref name="Moreau">Moreau, PE, et al. traumatic atlantoaxial dislocation wit
12 KB (1,876 words) - 21:45, 20 October 2020
...st inadvertently on the ground or floor or other lower level. Fall-related injuries are mostly non-fatal but can also be fatal.<ref name=":0">WHO. Falls Factsh
...6/2123182/ Contralateral cochlear labyrinthine concussion without temporal bone fracture: unusual posttraumatic consequence]. Case reports in otolaryngolog
14 KB (2,041 words) - 09:19, 25 February 2022
Articular cartilage lesions is a collective term for injuries where the articular cartilage of the [[Knee|knee joint]] is affected, such
...ese lesions is one of the most difficult diagnostic problems in knee joint injuries.<ref name="Mandelbaum et al">Mandelbaum, Bert R., et al. "Articular cartila
33 KB (4,839 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
** a risk of increase in bone loss<ref name=":3">Davis SR, Baber RJ. Treating menopause—MHT and beyond.
* low bone mineral density
23 KB (3,270 words) - 09:01, 28 July 2023
...st traumatic [[arthritis]], [[Meniscal Lesions|meniscus]] or [[cartilage]] injuries, [[knee]] instability, as well as impaired [[Quality of Life|quality of lif
...ior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Trial]. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2021 Sep;9(5):519-526.</ref>.
11 KB (1,458 words) - 13:27, 22 December 2022
'''Classification''': long bone
...s with age and is most prevalent in osteoporotic elderly women. Apart from bone fragility, caused by [[osteopenia]] or [[osteoporosis]], commonly reported
24 KB (3,325 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...tps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7186838/ Operative management of ligamentous injuries to the ankle]. Clin Sports Med. 1982 Mar;1(1):117-30.</ref>
...is usually avulsed from tibial attachment, frequently with small flake of bone visible on x-rays;
13 KB (1,956 words) - 19:41, 9 October 2020
....Available from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545182/</ref>. These injuries can affect the proximal, middle, or distal phalanx. In most cases of phalan
...st common injuries in the body. They are seen in athletic and work-related injuries<ref>J.J. de Jonge et al.
18 KB (2,563 words) - 18:25, 7 December 2023
...5012_Common_injuries_in_cycling_Prevention_diagnosis_and_management Common injuries in cycling: Prevention, diagnosis and management.] South African Family Pra
== Specific Cyclists' Hand Injuries ==
20 KB (3,054 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
...tion<ref>Radiopedia [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/muscle-injury Muscle Injuries] Available from:https://radiopaedia.org/articles/muscle-injury (accessed 27
...Melegati G. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4592039/ Muscle injuries: a brief guide to classification and management]. Translational Medicine@ U
30 KB (4,397 words) - 06:57, 15 October 2023
...m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5347947/ Psychotropic drugs and the risk of fall injuries, hospitalisations and mortality among older adults]. International journal
...f pain within residential care settings.<ref name=":4">Abdulla A, Adams N, Bone M, Elliott AM, Gaffin J, Jones D, Knaggs R, Martin D, Sampson L, Schofield
15 KB (2,075 words) - 06:40, 8 February 2023
...nts, to allow specific movements. The human skeletal system comprises of [[bone]]<nowiki/>s, [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]]<nowiki/>s, [[ligament]]<nowiki/>s an
===Biomechanical Properties of Bone===
26 KB (3,843 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
...facilitates accurate diagnosis, prognosis, intervention, and assessment of injuries and dysfunction that physiotherapists' address daily. Unnecessary imaging w
...iagnostic imaging is underutilized such as x-rays identifying fractures or bone scans identifying osteoporosis<ref name=":16">Freeborn DK, Shye D, Muttooty
22 KB (3,256 words) - 13:12, 24 February 2022
...hould be eased, both since there is no therapeutic value of massaging over bone, and to reduce discomfort felt by the client. To complete any massage, use
...and skeletal structures in our body. Fascia can become restricted through injuries, stress, trauma, and poor posture.<ref name=":1">Physioworks. [https://phys
13 KB (2,030 words) - 16:37, 20 November 2021
...of the triceps. This avulsion might be characterized by a small “flake” of bone (the ‘flake sign’) which is avulsed from the olecranon at the point whe
[[Category:Sports Injuries]]
6 KB (871 words) - 02:15, 31 December 2021
* Slows Bone Density Loss
...e osteoporosis, peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes, and musculoskeletal injuries'''.
9 KB (1,200 words) - 09:10, 29 July 2021
...ts about recent exposure to minor trauma (such as neck sprains or sporting injuries), recent unfamiliar neurological symptoms or recent infections.
* bone disease & reduced bone integrity (osteoporosis, osteopenia)
8 KB (1,133 words) - 18:48, 6 May 2021
[[File:Talus bone - animation01.gif|left|thumb|Tibia, Fibula and Talus]]"The ankle and foot a
#### This is the highest foot bone
17 KB (2,386 words) - 11:32, 18 August 2022
A [[calcaneus]] fracture is a heel bone fracture. It is a rare type of fracture but has potentially debilitating r
Calcaneus is the largest talar bone out of 7 [[Foot Anatomy|tarsal]] bones which together with the talus form h
23 KB (3,194 words) - 16:50, 11 April 2022
...tion (RICE)''' has long been the cornerstone of managing acute soft tissue injuries, advocating for a conservative approach within the initial 24-48 hours post
...L. N. Järvinen, Minna Kääriäinen, Hannu Kalimo and Markku Järvinen, Muscle Injuries : Biology and Treatment, The American Journal of Sports Medicine 2005 33: 7
22 KB (3,246 words) - 17:31, 2 March 2024
...the acetabular labrum and the ligamentum teres: an experimental study. The bone & joint journal. 2015 Apr 1;97(4):484-91.</ref><ref>Martin HD, Hatem MA, Ki
...lips M, Philippon MJ, Letkemann S, Simunovic N, Ayeni OR. Ligamentum teres injuries of the hip: a systematic review examining surgical indications, treatment o
8 KB (1,143 words) - 12:38, 16 February 2024
...ung-Bok" /> A rotary instability often occurs with concomitant ligamentous injuries making it difficult to detect/diagnose. <ref name="Goo Kim">Goo Kim, J
...ennett B, Huffman G. Acute and chronic management of posterolateral corner injuries of the knee [corrected] [published erratum appears in ORTHOPEDICS 2008 Jul;
20 KB (2,939 words) - 14:03, 2 January 2021
...tions that resulted in effusions and oedema is effective: i.e. ligamentous injuries, arthritis and meniscal lesions, as these can all produce inflammation and
...adioleucoscintigraphy: a randomised, double blind, controlled trial. Joint Bone Spine. 2005 Mar 31;72(2):150-5.Ultrasound (Level of evidence: 1b)</ref><br>
19 KB (2,873 words) - 11:20, 16 November 2023
...e and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries]. spine. 1983 Nov 1;8(8):817-31.</ref>
...ere vertebral fractures. Approximately one-third of osteoporotic vertebral injuries are lumbar, one-third are thoracolumbar, and one-third are thoracic in orig
38 KB (5,553 words) - 15:40, 20 March 2024
...uring the night. Bone mass around the tumour becomes weaker and the [[bone]] may [[fracture]] as a result. <ref>OrthoInfo. Diseases and conditions. Av
...fatigue as a result of submaximal stress loads or insufficiency where the bone has been previously weakened due to physiological stress. It reduces shock
16 KB (2,291 words) - 15:34, 19 October 2023
...ate ligaments in the stability of the human knee. A biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1987;69:233-242
...apr">LaPrade RF, Wentorf F. Diagnosis and treatment of posterolateral knee injuries. Clinical Orthopaedics and related research. 2002 Sep 1;402:110-21.</ref>)
9 KB (1,404 words) - 13:52, 27 November 2023
...ef><ref>Mavčič B, Antolič V. Optimal mechanical environment of the healing bone fracture/osteotomy. International orthopaedics. 2012 Apr 1;36(4):689-95.</r
...a lower weight bearing status include total or partial joint replacements, bone [[:Category:Fractures|fractures]] (surgically and non surgically repaired),
10 KB (1,538 words) - 20:41, 16 March 2023
Finger dislocation is a common [[Hand and Wrist Sports Injuries|hand]] injury that can occur at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP), distal
...ruciating pain. Depending on the severity of the dislocation the displaced bone can cause damage to the surrounding tissues in addition to damage experienc
33 KB (4,851 words) - 12:41, 2 August 2021
...f unknown etiology. DMARDs are crucial in preventing joint deformities and injuries that can occur as a result of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). [Image shows one o
* bone marrow suppression,
6 KB (864 words) - 13:23, 4 January 2020
...] on the [[bone]]. The iliopsoas bursa separates the muscle or tendon from bone and facilitates movement by reducing friction between the anterior [[hip]]
** [[Bone]]:
16 KB (2,287 words) - 15:12, 20 January 2024
...[https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/12/798.short Men at higher risk of groin injuries in elite team sports: a systematic review]. British journal of sports medic
.... [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-03722-6 Acute muscle injuries.] Springer International Publishing; 2014.</ref> The [[Adductor Longus|add
40 KB (5,677 words) - 12:08, 19 March 2024
...sprain per 10 000 people daily<ref>The gender issue: epidemiology of ankle injuries in athletes who participate in basketball.
...Saracco J A. Sprained ankle syndrome: prevalence and analysis of 639 acute injuries. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1998;37:280–285</ref>. The frequency of complicatio
15 KB (2,208 words) - 21:34, 9 January 2024
...es that form the forearm. The radius articulates with the ulna, the second bone in the forearm. These two bones and their articulations form the radioulnar
...nd to experience fractures later in life due to falls and fragility of the bone.<ref name=":1">Radial head fractures [Internet]. Radial Head fractures - Mu
20 KB (3,032 words) - 16:48, 23 March 2023
...to this sport with a parallel increase in the occurrence of sport-related injuries on both the natural rock and artificial walls. It emphasizes on physical an
...juries.5.aspx?context=LatestArticles Comprehensive Review of Rock Climbing Injuries], Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: June 15, 2020 -
31 KB (4,653 words) - 16:23, 13 November 2021
...the articulation of the [[Talar tilt|talus]], [[tibia]], and [[fibula]] [[bone]]<nowiki/>s. Together, the three borders (listed below) form the ankle mort
...igament Injury -''' Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, Females were at a higher risk of sustaining an ankle sprain compared with
22 KB (2,881 words) - 21:34, 19 November 2023
...joint flexibility, including genetics, age, activity levels, and previous injuries. The range of motion will be influenced by the mobility of the soft tissues
...tionary arm and a moving arm. The examiner places the goniometer along the bone near the joint being measured to determine the range of motion.
13 KB (1,906 words) - 11:27, 20 April 2023
...E:1A). There is a possible genetic tendency for people with lower cortical bone density at the pars interarticularis.<br>Spondylolysis this is not spondylo
• Disc Injuries: Disc Herniation
27 KB (3,938 words) - 16:35, 19 December 2019
.... Sweat or dermal Ca<sup>2+</sup> losses in athletes may lead to decreased bone mineral density by activating the parathyroid hormone during training. Desp
...cilitation of bone reabsorption. This would have consequences on athletes' bone mineral density throughout their season of training. A reason for this may
15 KB (2,213 words) - 15:04, 21 July 2023
Bankart lesions are injuries of the anteroinferior aspect of the [[Glenoid Labrum|glenoid labral]] compl
...nd a part of the bony glenoid fractures or breaks off. May lead to notable bone loss in the glenoid, a cause chronic instability.<ref>Facty Health [https:/
11 KB (1,565 words) - 10:23, 10 January 2023
...] ''Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research'', ''16''(1), pp.1-9.</ref>Injuries to the PCL often occur with other knee structures (ligaments, meniscus) whi
...[[Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury|anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries]] as the PCL is broader and stronger.<ref name="p1">Medscape. Drugs & Disea
45 KB (6,675 words) - 18:52, 1 November 2022
...ese veterans' impairments. Sir Ludwig Guttmann founded the National Spinal Injuries Unit at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury, England at the request
=== Upper Extremity Overuse Injuries ===
13 KB (1,955 words) - 18:02, 16 March 2022
...d also incorporate vigorous physical activities that strengthen muscle and bone at least 3 days per week.
*It is also beneficial to add muscle and bone strengthening activities using major muscle groups, at least 2 days per wee
13 KB (1,867 words) - 15:22, 23 November 2023
A bursa appears at a junction of a tendon on the bone. A bursa is filled with a thin layer of synovial fluid. It protects and bra
...e key concept is that at this site the tendon insertion, the bursa and the bone are so intimately related that a prominence of the calcaneum will greatly p
9 KB (1,365 words) - 11:17, 19 July 2022
...n an area of the body which is surrounded by non-expandable structures of bone and fascia, increasing the local pressure and causing circulatory disturban
...: rethinking the validity of cadaver infusion experiments.] The Journal of bone and joint surgery, British volume 2001;83(2):245-9.</ref><ref name="Manoli
14 KB (1,957 words) - 17:16, 6 April 2020
...[patella]] tendon, is a [[ligament]] as it connects bone ([[patella]]) to bone (tibial tubercle). It is approximately 30 mm wide by 50 mm long, with a thi
[[Category:Sports Injuries]]
10 KB (1,412 words) - 11:38, 5 January 2023
...he hip, such as the muscles, ligaments and labrum are also damaged. Neural injuries may also be present. Fractures to the acetabulum and femur head is most com
...m, surrounding muscles and tendons can be damaged as well. Subsequent knee injuries might also be present.
21 KB (2,919 words) - 21:03, 9 January 2024
...o an outstretched hand (FOOSH).<ref name="Hart" /> In addition, these injuries occur predominantly in the younger population because their bodies are stil
Medial epicondyle fractures make up 11-20% of all injuries of the elbow in children with 30-55% of cases associated with a dislocation
20 KB (2,986 words) - 11:46, 4 June 2020
...right]]A Colles [[Fracture]] is a complete fracture of the [[Radius|radius bone]] of the forearm close to the [[Wrist and Hand|wrist]] resulting in an upwa
...nt. This make fractures more likely, especially in patients with decreased bone mineral density.<ref>http://www.orthopaedicsone.com/display/MSKMed/Distal+r
27 KB (4,003 words) - 13:17, 14 March 2023
...ether conflict or disaster, the risk of infection following these types of injuries is significant, which results in high levels of amputations.<ref name=":0"
Amputations are one of the most common serious injuries seen in disaster and conflict settings and as such proper care and knowledg
31 KB (4,197 words) - 23:18, 24 January 2023
...the Glenohumeral Ligament as a Cause of Posterior Shoulder Instability. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004; 86 (12): 2732-2736.</ref> <ref name="Fritsch">Fri
...ontributing existing/coexisting factors include microtrauma or macrotrauma injuries to the shoulder, previous dislocations, soft-tissue and/or boney structural
35 KB (5,025 words) - 18:42, 12 April 2020
...rmal activities of other surrounding tissues, like the muscles, tendon, or bone.<ref name=":10" />
...k.springer.com/article/10.2165/00007256-200535110-00005 An overview of hip injuries in running]. Sports medicine. 2005 Nov 1;35(11):991-1014.
16 KB (2,327 words) - 15:16, 20 January 2024
...nterbody fusion cages and recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2.] J Bone Joint Surg 91:1181-1189, 2009.
...and if needed, the sacral alae are decorticated (posterior fusion). then a bone graft is placed on the decorticated surfaces.
17 KB (2,420 words) - 11:56, 24 April 2024
*[[Cuneiforms|Medial cuneiform]] bone<ref name=":0" />
Peroneal tendon injuries are most commonly present in patients that are young, active, and in those
7 KB (927 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...volved
injuries that require immediate and specialised interventions. Burn
injuries commonly require a prolonged rehabilitation process to return to functional
<blockquote>Rehabilitation for burn
injuries starts from day one of the injury, right through the period of scar maturat
19 KB (2,742 words) - 12:12, 25 November 2022
...full/10.1302/0301-620x.88b6.17448 Dislocation of the knee.] The Journal of bone and joint surgery 2006;88(6):706-11.</ref> It causes disruption of the acti
...pen after major trauma, including falls, car crashes, and other high-speed injuries.<ref name=":3" /> Spontaneous dislocation is often seen in cases associated
23 KB (3,193 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
...may have had a fall or known someone who had a fall and sustained serious injuries. As a result, the person becomes fearful of moving in case they fall and hu
...nd a cycle of fear, reduced activity, reduced physical function, falls and injuries and so on.
9 KB (1,353 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...olved as well) usually produced by widening of the head shoulder interval. Injuries to the brachial plexus affects movement and cutaneous sensations in the upp
...plexus palsy: outcome of absent biceps function at three months of age. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2004;86-A:2163-2170.</ref> Additional injury to C7 is commo
21 KB (3,157 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
...uctor Brevis and Longus) also attach at the pelvis and extend to the thigh bone. These adductor muscles help to stabilise the pelvis and pull the legs towa
The adductor muscles extend from the lower pelvic bone, attaching to the lower femur area around the knee and sit in between the f
17 KB (2,654 words) - 00:43, 30 June 2020
...":5" /><ref name=":9">Haldeman S, Carroll L, Cassidy JD. Findings from the bone and joint decade 2000 to 2010 task force on neck pain and its associated di
...ef>, trauma (eg, traumatic brain and whiplash injuries) and certain sports injuries (eg, wrestling, ice hockey, football).<ref name=":6" /> Although certain oc
9 KB (1,358 words) - 11:30, 15 November 2023
...of degenerative joint disease in the stifle and is one of the most common injuries in the canine patient.<ref name=":0">[https://members.physio-pedia.com/cour
...tic CrCL rupture can occur, most studies suggest that the majority of CrCL injuries are due to degeneration of the ligament, and are associated with age and a
25 KB (3,668 words) - 11:26, 18 August 2022
...ho suffer SCI have considerably worse outcomes than younger patients their injuries usually resulting from [[Falls in elderly|falls]] and age-related bony chan
* [[Sport Injury Classification|Sport Injuries]]
23 KB (3,353 words) - 02:16, 8 August 2023
...s|Flexor Hallucis Longus]] <nowiki/>(FHL) tendonitis which is an [[Overuse Injuries in Sport|overuse injury]] in which repetitive Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexi
...sc=y#v=onepage&q=function%20of%20fhl%20in%20dancers&f=false Foot and Ankle Injuries in Dancers]. Baxter's The Foot and Ankle in Sport. 2020 Jan 25:436.</ref>
31 KB (4,783 words) - 18:36, 16 July 2021
...ercise Physiotherapists'' are involved in the prevention and management of injuries resulting from sport and exercise participation at all ages and at all leve
...edicine umbrella<ref name=":1" /><ref>Brukner P. Clinical sports medicine: Injuries. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia) Pty Limited; 2017.</ref>:
24 KB (3,319 words) - 10:04, 18 March 2024
Dance injuries associated with pointe work are highly prevalent within the dance community
...gested that growth plate closure does not correlate with the completion of bone maturity (which will happen in later teenage years), and therefore is an ir
6 KB (936 words) - 23:33, 20 November 2021
...bursa.<ref>Benjamin M, Toumi H, Ralphs R. Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites (“entheses”) in relation to exercise and/or mechanica
...uency, or duration of training and the body trying to compensate for other injuries of the lower extremity (meniscus tear). Risk is increased by activities tha
10 KB (1,384 words) - 10:30, 16 September 2019
* [[Heterotopic Ossification]], which is a build up of new bone at the joint has been found to occur in between 10% and 20% of patients wit
...lity of life for their family members and patients who had sustained brain injuries. They advance awareness, research, treatment, and education and to improve
11 KB (1,550 words) - 00:49, 24 August 2022
...individual's risk for immobility-related adverse events, such as pressure injuries, reduced range of motion, muscle strength and mobility and muscle atrophy.<
...s.<ref>Pompeii LA, Lipscomb HJ, Schoenfisch AL, Dement JM. Musculoskeletal injuries resulting from patient handling tasks among hospital workers. American jour
27 KB (3,910 words) - 14:11, 3 September 2023
** Bone malalignment after healing from a fracture
...ed gait is caused by the a [[Ligament Sprain|ligament sprain]] or [[Muscle Injuries|muscle injury]], rest (often combined with the application of heat or cold)
7 KB (936 words) - 19:08, 18 November 2023
...l arch (MLA) of the foot has been proposed as a risk factor for developing injuries which is determined by the navicular position.
...MC3163999/ The navicular position test–a reliable measure of the navicular bone position during rest and loading.] International journal of sports physical
13 KB (1,851 words) - 18:09, 30 September 2022
...that physiotherapists involved in the prevention and management of sports injuries understand the biological and mechanical nature of [[Tendon Physiology|tend
...1521/sports-soft-tissue-injuries-christopher-norris Sports and soft tissue injuries: A guide for students and therapists]. Routledge; 2018 Sep 3.</ref>
22 KB (3,071 words) - 11:48, 18 August 2022
* [[Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Injuries|TFCC]]
* [[Bone]]
12 KB (1,621 words) - 02:26, 28 January 2023
[[Image:Bone ElbowAnatomy.jpg|right|200px]]
...interventions. J Hand Ther. 2006; 19(2):82-97.</ref> For a traumatic injuries, specific symptoms can be highly useful in determining a diagnosis. For exa
11 KB (1,525 words) - 12:34, 25 July 2021
...l cord injury. 20 to 40% of the fractures are associated with neurological injuries.
...spine fracture in individuals who have a condition associated with loss of bone mass such as [[osteoporosis]].
27 KB (3,809 words) - 20:48, 17 October 2020
...le for movement and the primary cause of [[Ankle and Foot|ankle and foot]] injuries is when a movement is performed excessively, repetitively, and for a long d
* Insertion: Tuberosity of navicular bone, all cuneiform bones, cuboid bone, bases of metatarsal bones 2-4
17 KB (2,395 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...324 + p.328-329</ref> <ref>Lan Chen et al. Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: current treatment concepts, Current reviews in musculoskeletal
...Phinit Phisitkul, Stan L James,Brian R Wolf, and Annunziato Amendola. “MCL Injuries of the Knee: Current Concepts Review”, 2006, The Iowa Orthopaedic Journal
31 KB (4,876 words) - 06:25, 30 November 2020
...ny SG. [http://aoj.amegroups.com/article/view/4296/4893 Orthopaedic sports injuries in youth: the hip. Ann Joint] 2018;3:36 (accessed 22 October 2018)</ref>. T
...cartilage epiphyseal plate itself is inferior to those of its surrounding bone parts. Subsequently, increased force on the [http://www.physio-pedia.com/Hi
24 KB (3,634 words) - 15:05, 15 December 2022
...arsen-Johansson disease. Its etiology and natural history.] The Journal of Bone and Joint surgery. American Volume. 1978 Dec 1;60(8):1113-6.</ref>
...-030-55870-3_8 Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome.] InCommon Pediatric Knee Injuries 2021 (pp. 63-68). Springer, Cham.</ref>
18 KB (2,542 words) - 02:24, 2 September 2022
...ondylolysis is more common in adolescents due to differences in trabecular bone density in the developing spine<ref name=":0" />. The pars interarticularis
# '''Pathologic''': Seen in bone or connective tissue disorders such as Paget’s disease
33 KB (4,808 words) - 10:17, 14 July 2023
...mplications that are associated with SCI.<ref>Giangregorio L, McCartney N. Bone loss and muscle atrophy in spinal cord injury: epidemiology, fracture predi
[[Category:Spinal Cord Injuries]]
7 KB (1,021 words) - 23:01, 5 April 2021
** Emergency safety plan in case of serious or catastrophic injuries
* Stabilise musculoskeletal injuries
21 KB (2,826 words) - 12:43, 14 August 2023
...total elbow fractures in children and up to two-thirds of pediatric elbow injuries requiring hospitalization.
* Neural injuries occur in 6.5% to 19% of cases involving displaced fractures. Most of them a
23 KB (3,287 words) - 09:56, 6 May 2024
...terior view|450x450px|'''Figure.3''' Scapula - Posterior View <ref>Scapula Bone (Highlighted in Green) - Posterior View Image - © Kenhub. Available from:
...alysis of the serratus anterior, a case report of 20 cases. The journal of bone and joint surgery 1983 (65-B), 552-556.fckLREvidence levels: 3</ref><ref>B.
18 KB (2,511 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
...medial malleolus to insert in the [[talus]], [[calcaneus]], and navicular bone. It primary restrains to valgus tilting of the [[talus]]. Both the superfic
*[[Lisfranc Injuries|Lisfranc injuries]]
12 KB (1,693 words) - 09:30, 1 June 2022
* [[Subscapularis]] injuries
* LHB tendon instability/dislocation (seen in association with subscapularis injuries/tears)
18 KB (2,567 words) - 05:53, 31 March 2023
...nternational journal of sports medicine. 2009 May;30(05):372-8.</ref> Most injuries occur when the opposite team has the ball and the players are defending wit
...males were more likely to suffer contact injuries (56%) while non-contact injuries were dominant among female players.
29 KB (4,107 words) - 20:47, 11 December 2023
Quadriceps injuries are common injuries in athletes with the muscle prone to muscle strains in situations requiring
Acute strain injuries of the quadriceps commonly occur:
22 KB (3,371 words) - 02:18, 5 December 2022
...urwitz E, Peloso P, Nordin M, et al. Clinical practice implications of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disor
...droplasia|achondroplasia]], and [[Paget's Disease|Paget’s disease]] of the bone.
17 KB (2,296 words) - 17:40, 17 October 2020
* Decreased [[Bone Density|bone mineral density]] with or without [[osteoporosis]]<ref name=":0">WebMD [htt
* Estrogen has an important role in [[bone]] development, low levels of estrogen leads to weakened bones and increasin
24 KB (3,380 words) - 04:56, 14 January 2023
...tment of articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears.] In: Sports Injuries to the Shoulder and Elbow. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015. p. 85-97.</r
...the tendon of the subscapularis muscle.] Clinical features in 16 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991 May;73(3):389-94.</ref>. We consider the results of the
11 KB (1,591 words) - 12:39, 27 October 2021
...ffectiveness in restricting cervical motion in normal subjects. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1977; 59(3): 1185-1188. </ref>, it only limits flexion a
...ogical dependence.<ref name="Lieberman">Lieberman JS: Cervical soft tissue injuries and cervical disc disease. In Principles of Physical Medicine and Rehabilit
15 KB (2,114 words) - 16:28, 30 December 2023
...atellofemoral join]]<nowiki/>t is where the patella, a triangular sesamoid bone, articulates with the femur. The [[patella]] acts as a pulley to increase t
...fixed foot, often result in meniscal tears with or without associated ACL injuries. <ref name=":0" />
17 KB (2,542 words) - 09:27, 7 December 2022
...us stabilizers against posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83:1823-1828.</ref>[[Image:PLRI 3Ddefinition.png|Figure
...rong AD, Getz CL. The recurrent unstable elbow: diagnosis and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010;92;1794-1804.</ref> The LCL complex is comprised of the
31 KB (4,449 words) - 12:58, 7 May 2024
...m KV, Nair PB. Can Trendelenburg's sign be positive if the hip is normal?J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1997;79(3):462-6.
...A. Nerve Compression/Entrapment Sites of the Lower Limb. Nerves and Nerve Injuries: Pain, Treatment, Injury, Disease and Future Directions. 2015, 2:755-77 htt
17 KB (2,493 words) - 11:51, 3 May 2024
...name="“Patel”">Patel S, Potty A, Taylor EJ, Sorene ED. Collateral ligament injuries of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb: a treatment algorithm. Strat
..."“Engelhardt”" /><ref name="Chuter">ChuterG.S.J. Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the thumb: 10 years of surgical experience. Injury. June 2009;vol40:6:65
36 KB (5,436 words) - 20:31, 15 February 2023
...soleus muscle. A clinical and radiographic presentation of eleven cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986; 68(5):731-4.</ref><ref>Salomão O, Carvalho Junior AE,
...izzari T. The risks, epidemiology and return to play of calf muscle strain injuries [Internet]. 2021 Mar. Available from: <nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch
9 KB (1,355 words) - 17:44, 27 November 2021
...but others might not be recognised until the rehabilitation stage. Severe injuries increase the risk of a greater number and more-severe complications.
Traumatic brain injuries involving skull fractures or penetrating wounds can result in meninges dama
23 KB (3,192 words) - 12:57, 15 March 2022
...pain often has a musculoskeletal origin related to poor posture or overuse injuries.
...Jun (Vol. 94, No. SUPP_XXVI, pp. 60-60). The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery. Available from:https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/abs/
7 KB (955 words) - 10:57, 17 October 2023
...ASt5JjIAg&scisig=AAGBfm2bLTzFhDMoXSAbzladK4LV6c3XiA Minor peripheral nerve injuries: an underestimated source of pain?] Man Ther. 3 (4): 187-94.
* Bone spurs/ arthritis;
15 KB (2,176 words) - 06:26, 29 July 2022
...A new conceptual model of neck pain: linking onset, course, and care: the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disor
...k Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Clinical practice implications of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disor
17 KB (2,387 words) - 07:32, 5 February 2023
*Computerised Tomography (CT) scan – detailed images of bone, tissue and blood vessels
...these blood vessels may be ruptured beyond repair due to the nature of the injuries sustained – e.g. in a car accident, gunshot wound or blast. In this situa
20 KB (2,910 words) - 16:18, 21 July 2023
* Soft tissue injuries
* Ring bone
22 KB (2,986 words) - 18:25, 9 January 2024
...and cardio-metabolic health, bone and skeletal health and reduced risk of injuries. Over the course of a day, a combination of more physical activity, less se
...ood through the first 5 years of life, individuals can experience improved bone health, better weight management, enhanced cardiorespiratory and muscular f
14 KB (2,022 words) - 19:54, 24 July 2023
...atic injuries) in the lower extremities and the lumbar region. Many of the injuries trace back to technique error, or external factors such as the footwear and
...(6), 1–7.</ref><ref name=":8">Sobrino, F.J. and Guillén, P. (2017) Overuse Injuries in Professional Ballet: Influence of Age and Years of Professional Practice
41 KB (6,002 words) - 16:23, 11 October 2023
...mmence passive range of motion exercises - gentle forces only to help with bone healing
...a Level 1 Trauma Center. Hand (N Y). 2020;15(5):686-91. </ref> or impaired bone quality.<ref>Rosenauer R, Pezzei C, Quadlbauer S, Keuchel T, Jurkowitsch J,
10 KB (1,467 words) - 01:17, 19 November 2022
...attaches to the medial third of superior nuchal line; external [[Occipital Bone|occipital]] protruberance, [[Ligamentum nuchae|nuchal ligament]], and spino
Upper trapezius is frequently involved in neck injuries.
12 KB (1,714 words) - 13:29, 18 March 2023
* other traumatic injuries
...a few hours of the burn injury. As well as the inflammatory response, burn injuries, particularly severe burns, also cause an immune response, metabolic change
21 KB (2,979 words) - 09:54, 16 January 2024
...-reviewed-fulltext-article-ORR Optimal management of scapholunate ligament injuries.] Orthopedic research and reviews. 2018;10:41.</ref>
[[Image:R Wrist.jpg|right|257x279px]]Scapholunate injuries are common after wrist trauma.<ref>Goelz L, Kim S, Güthoff C, Eichenauer F
24 KB (3,393 words) - 09:45, 19 November 2022
...navicular articulates with all three cuneiform bones distally. The cuboid bone has a distal articulation with the base of the fourth and fifth metatarsal
...ay between the calcaneus and the base of the 1st metatarsal. The navicular bone extends in the lateral direction to the third metatarsal.
28 KB (4,062 words) - 06:26, 12 April 2024
...severe quadriceps contusions. This is a non-neoplastic proliferation of [[bone]] and [[cartilage]] in the area of the contusion injury. In contusions, the
...observation, palpation, strength testing, and evaluation of motion. Strain injuries of the quadriceps may present with an obvious deformity such as a bulge or
12 KB (1,758 words) - 10:51, 16 May 2023
...us conditions such as musculoskeletal pain, hallux valgus, ankle inversion injuries, and [[osteoarthritis]]. There can also be deviations in foot and [[Ankle J
...xtensor moment during walking with high heels, there are increased bone-on-bone forces in the knee joint. This may help explain the increase in the onset o
28 KB (4,432 words) - 13:04, 30 April 2023
...amination test commonly used to screen for sensitivity related to meniscal injuries.<ref name="Akseki 2003">Akseki D, Pinar H, Karaoglan O. [https://pubmed.ncb
...pathology in patients with subacute and chronic anterior cruciate ligament injuries.] J Knee Surg 2009; 22(3): 187-190. (2B)</ref> <ref>Gupta Y, Mahara D, Lami
16 KB (2,455 words) - 18:42, 24 May 2022
...dia where [[MRI Scans|MRI]], [[X-Rays|X-rays]], [[CT Scans|CT scans]], and bone scans are discussed.
X-rays can evaluate lumbar alignment, vertebral body and disc space size, bone space and alignment, and gross evaluation of soft tissue structures. Clinic
11 KB (1,596 words) - 18:35, 21 March 2024
...all age groups and are the fifth most common cause of non-fatal childhood injuries.<ref name=":4" />
Burn injuries do not only affect the skin. They can also affect tissue, organ and system
27 KB (3,915 words) - 11:36, 23 October 2023
...C, Skelton P, Clift Z, Chapter.5 Early Rehabilitation of Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Lathia C, Skelton P, Clift Z. [https://resources.relabhs.org/resource/ear
...ho presents with a right open, displaced, comminuted (a fracture where the bone is broken into several fragments, and the fragments are not aligned), media
10 KB (1,487 words) - 18:46, 23 November 2022
...er, C1 Holland, RE Madison, 5F Loy. An Epidemiological Analysis of Overuse Injuries Among Recreational Cyclists. Int. J. Sports Med. 1995;16(3): 201 -206.</ref
...knee]] joint acts as a lever to the [[femur]], as the femur is the longest bone in the body this can create large amounts of torque. This is where the [[pa
11 KB (1,642 words) - 13:15, 23 December 2021
...tion.gif|border|right|frameless|alt=manubrium image]]The sternum is a flat bone located in the centre of the anterior thoracic wall.
* clavicular (collarbone) injuries and [[Clavicular Fracture|fractures]]
30 KB (4,397 words) - 13:25, 30 July 2023
...ehabilitation option for animals to optimise their performance and prevent injuries.<ref name=":4" /><ref>McGowan CM, Stubbs NC, Jull GA. Equine physiotherapy:
...ysis of 38 canines cemented femoral components retrieved at post-mortem. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005; 87(1): 120-7</ref>
19 KB (2,697 words) - 21:03, 24 January 2023
...w joint are fractures and dislocations which usually heal well. But, these injuries cause problems later as the injury might have changed the way joint biomech
...Measures of Disability and Outcomes in Orthopaedic Surgery. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American volume. 2012;94(3):277-285. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.0
11 KB (1,611 words) - 03:40, 3 September 2023
...ralde X. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1323394/ Neurologic injuries in the athlete’s shoulder]. Journal of Athletic Training. 2000;35(3):316-
*Of all [[Brachial Plexus|brachial plexus]] injuries, axillary nerve palsy is quite rare, represents only 3% to 6% of all brachi
31 KB (4,411 words) - 19:02, 8 March 2024
Pelvic fractures are often associated with other injuries due to the forces involved. These include:<ref name=":2" />
...ess in the mature dog, it is important that lameness caused by other acute injuries is not overlooked.<ref name=":1" /> One retrospective study found that 32 p
22 KB (3,184 words) - 06:23, 4 January 2023
* Before mobilization, the therapist takes up the skin slack to ensure good bone contact.
# '''''Spinal fractures:''''' Any recent vertebral fracture or other spinal injuries may require special caution when it comes to applying manipulative therapy
9 KB (1,277 words) - 19:30, 15 May 2023
...b to the best of their ability, taking into account soft tissue viability, bone length and other anatomical considerations. However, underlying disease sta
...ents in the USA who had major lower extremity amputations following trauma injuries to the lower limbs. They discovered a high rate of complications among th
19 KB (2,696 words) - 17:51, 11 July 2022
...A study reported 29.5% had re-injury within the first 24 months - 20.5% of injuries were contralateral (i.e. patients injured the former healthy knee) and 9% w
...[https://www.physio-pedia.com/Anterior_Cruciate_Ligament_(ACL)_Injury ACL injuries] have been investigated widely in the literature. '''Biomechanical factors'
29 KB (4,101 words) - 01:28, 11 December 2023
...D, Busconi B. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4922526/ Groin injuries (athletic pubalgia) and return to play]. Sports health. 2016 Jul;8(4):313-2
...oader understanding of nuances and of the differences between the specific injuries and MRI findings<ref>Zoland MP, Maeder ME, Iraci JC, Klein DA. [https://www
33 KB (4,767 words) - 15:14, 7 May 2024
...s, healing stages, clinically relevant anatomy and rehabilitation of these injuries is necessary for a satisfactory outcome in the patient with a flexor tendon
...video below outlines the key features of flexor [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]] injuries treatment and anatomy.
33 KB (5,046 words) - 03:24, 12 December 2022
...</ref>There is a possible genetic tendency for people with lower cortical bone density at the pars interarticularis.<ref name="Elien 6">Haun DW, Kettner N
*Disc Injuries: [[Disc Herniaton|Disc Herniation]]
14 KB (1,923 words) - 13:19, 30 June 2023
...al bodies, intervertebral ligaments, the hyaline cartilage, the underlying bone, joint capsule and zygoapophyseal joints. It can lead to the formation of o
...urfaces of each of the facets, resting on a thickened layer of subchondral bone, and a synovial membrane covers this portion of the joint. A superior and
22 KB (3,082 words) - 11:36, 15 November 2023
...s (especially vertebral fractures and hyperkyphosis arising from vertebral bone loss), ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis and Scheuermann's disease
* Overuse injuries (such as repetitive motion), or
7 KB (983 words) - 13:53, 29 January 2024
...nal Cord Segments and body representation.png|thumb|400x400px]]Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI) can be defined as a traumatic or non-traumatic event that leads to ne
# Vertebral Injuries (acute phase - affects the intensity of therapy)
19 KB (2,705 words) - 00:05, 18 June 2023
...fied as a pain generator.<ref name="p7">Robert E Windsor. Lumbosacral Disc Injuries. Medscape. 2013 June 3. </ref>
...wo vertebral elements. This creates a bone fusion which leads to one fixed bone replacing a mobile joint, so it will stop the motion at that segment.<ref n
26 KB (3,874 words) - 10:28, 13 April 2022
...nous wounds, (3) neuropathic wounds, or diabetic foot ulcers, (4) pressure injuries, formerly known as pressure ulcers, and (5) non-healing surgical wounds.
...d Venous Insufficiency Ulcers|this article]]. To learn more about pressure injuries and non-healing surgical wounds, please see [https://www.physio-pedia.com/C
16 KB (2,233 words) - 08:08, 23 November 2022
...ng-Larsen-Johansson Disease. Its Etiology and Natural History’, Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, December 1978, vol. 60, no. 8, p. 1113-1116. (Level of
...n and muscles, patella, patellar ligament and the supporting retinaculum. Injuries can occur from direct trauma, overuse, degenerative disease. The most com
12 KB (1,706 words) - 11:28, 28 February 2022
* [[Paget's Disease|Paget's disease]] of the bone
...dinal ligament from a thickened posterior longitudinal ligament and detect bone fractures or lytic lesions. MRI is the gold standard; it is able to show in
15 KB (2,175 words) - 11:37, 15 November 2023
[[File:Scaphoid bone (left hand) - animation.gif|thumb]]
...egenerative inflammatory diseases such as chondrocalcinosis, gout, aseptic bone necrosis of the scaphoid or lunate bones, or Madelung deformity (a form of
13 KB (1,833 words) - 11:55, 21 September 2022
..., Diop B, Dirie ES, Ka O, Thiam M, Dieng M, Dia A. Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries: epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Springerplus. 2016 De
...:6">Petrone P, Leppäniemi A, Inaba K, Søreide K, Asensio JA. Diaphragmatic injuries: challenges in the diagnosis and management. Trauma. 2007;9(4):227-36.</ref
27 KB (3,795 words) - 19:06, 16 January 2024
...traction of the [[Achilles Tendon|achilles tendon]]. Other common traction injuries are Iliac apophysitis, medial epicondyle apophysitis or [[Little League Elb
...ophysitis). Adv Emerg Nurs J. 2019;41(1):10–4. </ref> Until that time, new bone is forming at the calcaneal physis. When this growth plate is irritated, it
12 KB (1,659 words) - 16:34, 10 August 2023
...3847.2019.1568771?journalCode=ipsm20 Sports-related sternoclavicular joint injuries.] The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 2019 Jul 3;47(3):253-61.</ref> <ref>Ser
...Biomechanics and treatment of acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint injuries. British Journal of Sports Medicine. April 2010;44:361-369.</ref>.
50 KB (7,379 words) - 23:04, 8 December 2022
...activity is prisons is common and greatly contributes to the amount of MSK injuries. Changes in dietary and physical activity patterns are often the result of
*Reduces bone mineral density causing osteoporosis
33 KB (5,116 words) - 10:00, 18 August 2022
...frequently associated with limb fractures. In many cases, these associated injuries need to be stabilised prior to the peripheral nerve injury being treated, w
...ury to the nerve is generally a result of the same trauma that injures the bone or joint, but can also occur as a result of moving the patient or stretchin
52 KB (7,519 words) - 11:45, 3 August 2022
** Please note that the pisiform (the fourth bone in the proximal row of carpal bones) sits on top of the triquetrum, so it i
* '''Scaphoid (navicular)''': most lateral bone of the proximal row. The palmar surface contains the scaphoid tubercle and
38 KB (5,565 words) - 12:16, 22 November 2023
...org/10.1007/1-84628-050-8_4 Aging and Degeneration of Tendons BT - Tendon Injuries.] In: Maffulli N, Renström P, Leadbetter WB, editors. Basic Science and Cl
...such as [[Shoulder Dislocation|shoulder dislocation]]. When these types of injuries occur, the torn rotator cuff may contribute to recurrent instability. <ref>
14 KB (1,994 words) - 12:36, 5 June 2021
...://books.google.com/books?id=-pzGRMvXFzAC&pg=PA159 ''Finger bone and joint injuries'']. London: Taylor & Francis, 1999.</ref>
...distally lying phalanx. Between these two concavities is a raised ridge of bone that glides within the groove of the phalangeal head, promoting intraarticu
14 KB (2,014 words) - 09:55, 28 March 2022
...les in physiotherapy practice to provide optimal care for movement-related injuries or conditions.
...mance; reduction of movement impairment; intervention in movement-related injuries or conditions.<ref>Knudson D. Fundamentals of biomechanics. Springer Scienc
26 KB (4,031 words) - 09:59, 18 August 2022
...spine; they join the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae (L4 and L5) to the iliac bone crest at the back of the pelvis. Injury to this area, fairly common among c
...rength and support for the lumbar spine in order to prevent similar future injuries, and for maintaining smooth movement in the injured areas. The doctor might
8 KB (1,246 words) - 17:16, 8 August 2022
...oint does not occur primarily through blood vessels but rather through the bone‐cartilage interface and through the synovial membrane; this occurs during
''Cryotherapy‐induced nerve injuries''
11 KB (1,557 words) - 16:37, 12 February 2024
...y_Fracture insufficiency fractures], caused by normal stresses on abnormal bone, often indicating [[Introduction to Frailty|frailty]].
...ut not wrist fractures.] Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res. 1999 May;14(5):821–8. </ref> Wedge fractures do not involve th
30 KB (4,259 words) - 19:40, 11 February 2024
...achment, the synovial fluid comes into direct contact with the subchondral bone, which causes inflammation. At this stage in the disease process, the syndr
...harma P, Maffulli N. Tendon injury and tendinopathy: healing and repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(1):187-202. </ref> (so it is relatively common in ag
39 KB (5,749 words) - 11:31, 18 August 2022
..., and/or physiologic derangements (characterized by cartilage degradation, bone remodeling, osteophyte formation, joint inflammation and loss of normal joi
* subchondral bone lesions precede cartilage degeneration
18 KB (2,410 words) - 12:54, 13 May 2024
...Livingstone; 2012.</ref><ref name=":1">Harvey L. Management of Spinal Cord Injuries: A Guide for Physiotherapists. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008 Jan 10.</ref>
...so common, while violence-related injuries from a gun, stab or war-related injuries are high in some countries.
29 KB (4,219 words) - 12:08, 2 February 2024
...relatively infrequent phenomenon and is commonly associated with sporting injuries.[5, 6] PSS Is more frequently in the male gender between 25 and 40 years of
...ov/pubmed/932812 Two unusual causes of peripatellar nonmetastatic positive bone scans in patients with malignancies]. Journal of nuclear medicine: officia
14 KB (2,028 words) - 01:28, 29 August 2019
...all age groups and are the fifth most common cause of non-fatal childhood injuries<ref name=":1" />.
Thermal burn injuries are caused by external heat sources (hot or cold), scalds (hot liquids), as
19 KB (2,860 words) - 23:03, 13 December 2022
...s an intra-articular two-part fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone.<ref name=":1">Radiopedia [https://radiopaedia.org/articles/bennett-fractur
<br>Other common injuries involving the first metacarpal include Rolando fractures, extra-articular f
9 KB (1,228 words) - 17:27, 1 July 2020
...al views may provide critical information about the associated soft tissue injuries<ref name=":0" />.
...carpal tunnel syndrome]]''. Research shows a correlation between decreased bone density and trouble maintaining a closed reduction in the aged population,
13 KB (1,868 words) - 07:57, 28 October 2020
...l sensory and motor loss of the four limbs and torso<ref name="p1" />. The injuries that occur above level C4 often result in respiratory deficiency.<ref>Reid
....br/pdf/bjmbr/v39n10/6403.pdf Effect of treadmill gait on bone markers and bone mineral density of quadriplegic subjects.] Brazilian journal of medical and
17 KB (2,497 words) - 13:58, 19 July 2021
*Can improve their bone, muscle and heart health
...16) 3: 269 -287.</ref><ref>Nishiyama S, Kuwahara T, Maatsudea I. Decreased bone density in severely handicapped children and adults with reference to the i
15 KB (2,350 words) - 13:07, 22 May 2020
...ncidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
...l activity on the musculoskeletal system include increased lean muscle and bone density, strong and supple joints, improved range of joint motion, and impr
26 KB (3,671 words) - 11:21, 18 August 2022
* Sacral bone stress injury.
...debold A. A history of low back injury is a risk factor for recurrent back injuries in varsity athletes. Am J Sports Med.2001;29(6):795-800.</ref>.
55 KB (7,921 words) - 07:07, 30 August 2023
...cluding (1) foot ulcers, (2) major amputation, (3) falls, (4) intracranial injuries, and (5) decreased quality of life. Approximately one in four people with d
=== Bone/Joint Assessment ===
27 KB (3,835 words) - 12:13, 22 November 2023
[[File:Metatarsal bone animation01.gif|right|frameless]]
...arsal. The metatarsus of the [[Foot Anatomy|foot]] consists of five long [[Bone|bones]], which are called the metatarsals.
18 KB (2,521 words) - 23:33, 13 August 2023
...vities such as boxing, football, rodeo, water skiing, and wrestling. These injuries tend to occur more commonly in patients during their second to fourth decad
...musculotendinous junction or tendinous insertion. <ref>Tietjen R. Closed injuries of the pectoralis major muscle. J Trauma 1989;20:262-4.</ref><ref>Butt U, F
14 KB (1,991 words) - 17:55, 26 June 2023
...kle sensorimotor control and eversion strength after acute ankle inversion injuries. Am J Sports Med 1998 Jan-Feb;26(1):72-77.</ref> <ref name="Glencross">Glen
Since research has shown that repetitive ankle joint injuries cause neuro-sensorial, proprioceptive and mechanical impairments, exercises
22 KB (3,223 words) - 11:17, 22 December 2022
It is most commonly seen in endurance events like [[Swimming Overuse Injuries|swimming]], [[Spring Knee|cycling]], or [[Running Biomechanics|running]] et
...N, Landry GL, Luke A. [https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/48/4/287.short Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical
28 KB (3,977 words) - 16:32, 28 March 2022
...become stiffer and more effective in transmitting large muscular loads to bone at high strain rates.<ref name="Wang 2012" />
...ysiology-of-sports-injuries-and-repair-processes The Physioology of Sports Injuries and Repair Processes (Chapter)] by Robi K, Jakob N, Matevz K, and Matj
13 KB (1,734 words) - 05:32, 17 June 2022
...int Classification|joints]], [[muscle]], [[Tendon Anatomy|tendon]], [[Bone|bone,]] nerve and receptors, blood supply, skin, and fingernails) and more dist
* Traumatic injuries
21 KB (3,136 words) - 15:14, 15 November 2023
X-ray of the shoulder was done already to rule out joint and bone pathology as the patient had Hx of arthritis but her x-ray left shoulder ca
...jection (CSI) are a useful and effective treatment option for rotator cuff injuries (Giovannetti de Sanctis et al 2020).
14 KB (2,153 words) - 00:54, 22 June 2023
...Foot Anatomy|Tarsometatarsal joint]] -located between the medial cuneiform bone and the first metatarsal.
...8. </ref><ref>Barnish MS, Barnish J. High-heeled shoes and musculoskeletal injuries: a narrative systematic review. BMJ Open. 2016;6(1):e010053</ref><ref>Menz
18 KB (2,731 words) - 11:10, 11 August 2023
...ult of a sports injury and represent approximately 15% of all cases sports injuries. A meniscus can be torn or can be completely ruptured. There are partial or
...ater in life than earlier. The mean age rose from 28 to 40 years. Meniscal injuries are unusual in children under the age of 10 years. <ref name=":3" />
38 KB (5,763 words) - 11:04, 22 January 2024
Dance injuries associated with pointe work are highly prevalent within the dance community
...A. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3871955/ Preventing dance injuries: current perspectives.] Open access journal of sports medicine. 2013;4:199.
22 KB (3,395 words) - 19:05, 22 January 2023
* '''Scaphoid (navicular)''': most lateral bone of the proximal row. The palmar surface contains the scaphoid tubercle and
...tral, triangular, or cuneiform bone. It is a triangular / pyramidal-shaped bone located on the medial side of the wrist. It has multiple articular surfaces
37 KB (5,530 words) - 10:23, 14 October 2023
...of intramuscular gluteal injection it known as “Injection-Contracture”, or injuries around the hip<ref name=":0" />.
...s/PMC6738551/ Gluteal fibrosis and its surgical treatment.] The Journal of Bone and Joint surgery. American Volume. 2019 Feb 20;101(4).</ref> or cone shape
12 KB (1,817 words) - 00:54, 1 January 2023
...or subluxation and other degenerative conditions. <ref>Linaker CH, Walker-Bone K. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4836557/pdf/emss-67810.pdf
...Rib Cage|thoracic spine complex]]). The clavicle is a sigmoid-shaped long bone which lies horizontally. It provides a connection point between the axial s
50 KB (7,350 words) - 22:45, 15 October 2023
...n be useful. For example, a snapping or cracking sound may be related to a bone or ligament breaking; feeling something ‘pop out’ may suggest a [[Shoul
...a and or [[Winged scapula|winging]] and any abnormal postures of swellings/injuries.
23 KB (3,210 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...natomy of the ankle is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of common injuries. Chronic ankle pain, acute and chronic sprains, fractures, tears and inflam
|Dorsomedial side of the navicular bone<ref>Ismail EE Sr, Al Saffar RA, Motawei K, Hiware SD, Moizuddin K, Shaikh S
28 KB (4,166 words) - 12:20, 16 April 2024
...e of risk and causation. Clin J Sport Med 2007;17:215–19</ref> involved in injuries, there is evidence to suggest that load management is a key risk factor for
...n the athlete but also the performance, emotional well-being, symptoms and injuries of the athlete.<ref name=":0" />
34 KB (4,987 words) - 02:04, 27 November 2021
...an RL, Gehl RS. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12379975/ Peroneal tendon injuries]. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2002;19(3):419-31. doi: 10.1016/s0891-8422(02)0000
...issue abnormalities; however, they are useful for excluding [[arthritis]], bone abnormalities such as [[Pes Cavus|pes cavus]], or [[Fracture|fractures]].
17 KB (2,530 words) - 17:04, 23 October 2023
...rupture, severe burns, blast injuries, stab or gunshot wound, compression injuries, and cold trauma<ref name=":2">Barbara Engstrom and Catherine Van de Ven, 1
...hanistan also led to multiple limb amputations among soldiers due to blast injuries. The amputations are “usually accompanied by a host of comorbidities ran
30 KB (4,517 words) - 10:23, 19 November 2022
...s in asymptomatic adults. The effect of age, hand dominance and gender. J. Bone. Joint Surg. Br., 77:296-298</ref><ref>Chard M.D., Sattelle L.M., Hazlerman
...and is largely type I collagen with a high mineral content. This effective bone-tendon attachment is achieved through a functional grading in mineral conte
29 KB (4,126 words) - 16:59, 2 August 2023
...1;4(2):57-61.</ref> Optimal rehabilitation care for individuals with burn injuries requires a multifaceted, multidisciplinary approach. This page explores som
== Pain Management for Individuals with Burn Injuries ==
41 KB (5,926 words) - 12:35, 1 May 2024
...uromuscular and Genetic Disorders|congenital]] neurologic disorders, birth injuries, and inherited or acquired [[Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders|metabolic di
...s in the body and increases oxygen flow to the brain. It can also increase bone density
11 KB (1,546 words) - 13:16, 6 January 2022
...ral and glenohumeral ligaments reinforcing the capsule. Other important [[Bone|bones]] in the shoulder include:
...of [[Rotator Cuff Tears|rotator cuff tears]] and associated neurovascular injuries. The anterior or posterior supporting structures of the [[shoulder]] can al
36 KB (5,038 words) - 10:50, 9 January 2023
...n, G Gronlund, Lumbar facet joint syndrome. A randomised clinical trial, J Bone Joint Surg Br August 1989 vol. 71-B no. 4 681-684.</ref>
...ack. So mostly all movements with the arms above the head. These recurring injuries can happen in sports were it is necessary to make repetitive powerful hyper
25 KB (3,806 words) - 11:15, 12 June 2021
...- Radiography may depict osteophytic narrowing of the spinal canal or bone destruction
...Chiragh, M., Tahir, E., & Shahid, F. Etiology Of Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries As Assessed On Magnetic Resonence Imaging. (2015). </ref> Physical exami
22 KB (3,204 words) - 14:53, 20 November 2023
...abilitation Protocol Of Traumatic Transfemoral Amputees And How To Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss.] Honors Undergraduate Thesis. University of Central F
...rtas MD. (2010) Factors associated with increased propensity for hamstring injuries in English premier league soccer players. J Sci Med Sport. 13(4):397-402.</
22 KB (3,311 words) - 10:16, 7 September 2023
...bone or another muscle, and a subtendinous bursa prevents friction between bone and a muscle tendon.
Friction management is essential to prevent skin injuries, such as blistering, which may occur in areas of high friction during movem
17 KB (2,449 words) - 15:15, 7 May 2024
...slips out of the trochlear groove. The relationships between the symptoms, injuries, and diseases of the [[Patellofemoral Joint|patellofemoral joint]] are ofte
The [[patella]] is the largest sesamoid bone. It is located within the complex of the quadriceps and patellar tendon. Th
39 KB (5,747 words) - 14:04, 31 May 2020
...primary sources of vitamin D are sun exposure and oral intake (crucial for bone health)<ref name=":0" />.
* Burns eg [[Rehabilitation of Hand Burn Injuries|of the hand]]
10 KB (1,368 words) - 05:22, 24 March 2022
** The most frequent is spondylolisthesis, caused by spondylolysis ie bone defect at the junction of the facet joints.
...l loading from back muscles, ligaments, and joints, and can result in back injuries.<ref name="p0">80. Alyazedi FM, Lohman EB, Wesley Swen R, Bahjri K. The int
21 KB (3,141 words) - 18:31, 12 April 2023
...94.</ref> This article will describe the mechanism and prevalence of these injuries in cricket and detail the role of exercise therapy in the rehabilitation of
...2014). Are Fast-Bowlers Prone to Back Injuries? Prevalence of Lumbar Spine Injuries in Fast-Bowlers: Review of MRI-Based Studies. ''Asian Journal of Sports Med
33 KB (4,868 words) - 16:45, 18 June 2019
...12-220.</ref><ref name="Harvey 2011">Harvey WW. Overview of wrist and hand injuries, pathologies, and disorders; part 2. Home Health Care Mgmt & Prac. 2011
...e="LaStayo 2001" /><ref name="Webb 2008">Webb B, Rettig L. Gymnastic wrist injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports. September 2008;7(5):289-295.</ref><ref na
24 KB (3,591 words) - 09:50, 21 October 2020
...icipation''.'' <ref name=":5">Hagen EM. Acute Complications of Spinal Cord Injuries. World Journal of Orthopedics. 2015 Jan 18;6(1):17.</ref><ref name=":10">Se
...njury. <ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7">Harvey L. Management of Spinal Cord Injuries: A Guide for Physiotherapists. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008 Jan 10.</ref>
54 KB (7,707 words) - 10:55, 24 May 2022
...e%20Long%20Head%20of%20Biceps%20Brachii%20Tendon%20.pdf Anatomy, function, injuries, and treatment of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon.] Arthroscopy:
...c6uGQ%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=E Distal Biceps Tendon Injuries.] Bulletin of the NYU hospital for joint diseases 2010;68(2).</ref><ref nam
15 KB (2,141 words) - 14:54, 10 January 2022
...erimental stretch neuropathy. Changes in nerve conduction under tension. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992 Jan;74(1):126-9. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.74B1.1732240. P
...n patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and normal subjects. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1990; 72-B:3, 516-518.</ref> Common positions seen in da
20 KB (2,994 words) - 17:22, 30 September 2022
* Reduced bone mineral density
...In the musculoskeletal system extreme situations of inactivity may affect bone mineral density.<ref name=":0" />
36 KB (5,180 words) - 11:26, 18 August 2022
# anatomic causes (e.g. hypermobility, genu valgum, low bone mineral density)
...d [[osteomyelitis]] ... Healthy intact bone is resistant to infection. The bone becomes susceptible to disease with the introduction of a large inoculum of
38 KB (5,120 words) - 15:17, 14 January 2024
...ym S. « Whiplash associated disorder: a review of current pain concepts. » Bone & Joint 360, vol. 4, nr. 1. 2015. </ref>
...et al. « Long-term disability after neck injury. A comparative study. » J Bone Joint Surg Br., vol. 86, nr. 7, p. 1032-4, 2004.</ref>. Causes of pain can
41 KB (5,691 words) - 07:15, 18 November 2022
...RPS) type I: historical perspective and critical issues]. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2015 Jan-Apr;12(Suppl 1):4-10.</ref>
...hy: complex regional pain syndrome and incomplete forms]. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2016 Jan-Apr;13(1):11-4. </ref> Its history is summarised in an arti
22 KB (3,157 words) - 09:32, 31 January 2023
...;'''50:'''1506-1515.</ref>. Injuries to the ACL are relatively common knee injuries among athletes<ref>Nagano Y, Ida H, Akai M, Fukubayashi T. Biomechanical ch
The injuries can range from mild (such as small tears/sprain) to severe (when the ligame
42 KB (6,129 words) - 14:40, 29 April 2024
* Benign bone tumor called called subungual exostosis
It is seen that Men have a higher chance of running injuries, compared to Women. <ref name=":3" />
18 KB (2,853 words) - 12:59, 27 February 2023
...pii/S1297319X19300144?via=ihub Cryoglobulinemia: an update in 2019.] Joint bone spine. 2019 Nov 1;86(6):707-13.</ref>
...e, coordination, and proprioception while minimizing the risk of falls and injuries.
10 KB (1,298 words) - 13:26, 3 October 2023
...ins C. (1995). Mechanoreceptors in human ankle ligaments. ''The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume''. '''77''' (2): 219–24. PMID [http
* Injuries or medical conditions that affect the neuromuscular system (muscles, nerves
19 KB (2,656 words) - 14:00, 18 August 2023
.... p600.</ref><ref>Physioworks, Rotator Cuff Tear.http://physioworks.com.au/injuries-conditions-1/rotator-cuff-tears (accessed 29/08/2018).</ref> <u></u>
Acute tear: Can occur with other shoulder injuries (e.g. clavicle fracture of [[Shoulder Dislocation|shoulder dislocation]])
18 KB (2,456 words) - 13:32, 22 May 2023
...J, McLean SG. [https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/enme_facpub/222/ ACL injuries: do we know the mechanisms?]. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Th
...pdf/10.1007/s001670050006.pdf Insertion of autologous tendon grafts to the bone: a histological and immunohistochemical study of hamstring and patellar ten
40 KB (5,927 words) - 22:26, 1 December 2022
...cer, it is the most frequent injury.<ref name="Sutton et al." /> Hamstring injuries can also occur in recreational sports such as water skiing and bull riding,
...ink.springer.com/article/10.2165/11594800-000000000-00000 Hamstring strain injuries]. Sports medicine. 2012 Mar;42(3):209-26.</ref>
37 KB (5,289 words) - 21:20, 9 January 2024
...es where the compression is caused by an intrinsic process such as a mass, bone, spur, or cyst. <ref>Chen SR, Shen YP, Ho TY, Chen LC, Wu YT. Ultrasound-gu
...adial nerve injury. Other common causes include severe blunt trauma, crush injuries, puncture wounds, and stab wounds.
14 KB (2,085 words) - 18:59, 8 March 2024
...r Kinesiophobia Short Form and Lower Extremity Specific Limitations.] Arch Bone Jt Surg 2020 Sep; 8(5): 581–588. </ref> temporomandibular disorders, <ref
...s and validation of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in patients with ACL injuries.] Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019 Sep 11;17(1):150.</ref> Finnish, <ref>Koh
16 KB (2,206 words) - 12:32, 17 February 2023
...indicate ITBS is responsible for approximately 22% of all lower extremity injuries.<ref name="p1" />
[[Overuse Injuries in Sport|Overuse injury]]
26 KB (3,940 words) - 13:48, 10 May 2024
# [[Accessory Navicular Bone|Accessory Navicular]]
#[[Lisfranc Injuries|Lisfranc]] injury
21 KB (3,037 words) - 12:18, 31 January 2023
...m/doi/abs/10.1177/0363546505279913 Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, part I.] The American journal of sports medicine. 2005 Oct;33(10):1579-602
...MH, Haghi F, Pelarak F, Mousavibaygei SR. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries: [https://journals.lww.com/jfmpc/Fulltext/2022/03000/Anterior_cruciate_liga
84 KB (12,371 words) - 17:40, 2 October 2023
...mages/3/30/Burns_and_Plastics.pdf burns], [[Spinal Cord Injury|spinal cord injuries]], [[stroke]])
* Patients that have or have recently had significant injuries such as:
23 KB (3,285 words) - 07:38, 11 February 2023
...oss, prolonged bedridden status, tight casts, space-occupying lesions, and bone metastasis involving the fibular head can be other contributing factors. Co
'''2.Traumatic Injuries:''' They often occur associated with orthopedic injuries such as [[Total Knee Arthroplasty|TKA]]<ref name=":0" />,Fracture to tibial
14 KB (2,092 words) - 12:46, 12 December 2022
..."Tong">Tong JW, Kong PW. Association between foot type and lower extremity injuries: systematic literature review with meta-analysis. journal of orthopaedic an
...rnes A, Wheat J, Milner C. Association between foot type and tibial stress injuries: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42:93-98</ref> suggested that q
22 KB (3,374 words) - 21:20, 24 January 2023
...d Sci Sports 2002;12(2):69-72)</ref> It can also be seen after nonsporting injuries, especially fractures about the ankle and foot. There appears to be an asso
*Posterior tibial osteochondral injuries
37 KB (5,268 words) - 10:23, 19 July 2022
Possible improvements are in bladder and bowel function, pain, spasticity, bone density, lean body mass, muscle tone, and improved walking speed within the
[[Category:Spinal Cord Injuries]]
10 KB (1,370 words) - 00:25, 3 April 2024
*Bone deformities
*Over-use syndrome or repetitive strain injuries
9 KB (1,275 words) - 10:28, 2 November 2023
...ransduction]. Nature Reviews Immunology. 2022 Aug 16:1-5.</ref>. Increased bone thickness and width in response to mechanical loading is the classical exam
...0.1043/0003-3219%281994%29064%3C0175%3AWLABSA%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Wolff's Law and bone's structural adaptations to mechanical usage: an overview for clinicians.]
21 KB (3,113 words) - 18:35, 1 November 2022
...c joint. This motion is influenced by several structures: configuration of bone surfaces within the joint, joint capsule, [[Ligament|ligaments]], [[Tendon
* Healing and recovery from [[Soft Tissue Injuries|soft tissue]] and joint lesions
12 KB (1,769 words) - 21:20, 23 March 2024
Clavicle : clavicle is long bone has convex medial two third and concave lateral one third. medial two third
...int is of particular interest when understanding the mechanism of shoulder injuries because it is osteologically predisposed to [[Shoulder Instability|instabil
22 KB (3,185 words) - 14:12, 29 June 2023
...e fusion of the three bones of the pelvis: the ilium, ischium, and pubic [[bone]].<ref name="Dutton">Dutton M. Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Int
...humb|Anatomy of the sacro-iliac joint: anterior view. 1. Body of the pubic bone. 2. Auricular surface of the sacrum. 3. Sacrum. 4. Antero-superior iliac sp
18 KB (2,588 words) - 11:41, 22 January 2022
...it has more scarring in the intramuscular matter; having regular repeating injuries.<ref name=":0" />
...rated for a short while, but after a while the pressure in the subchondral bone can keep increasing. Eventually, the individual reaches a point where the o
18 KB (2,769 words) - 14:42, 24 October 2023
...name=":0" /> Vitamin D is essential for calcium and phosphate absorption, bone formation, renal function, and our immune function.<ref name=":0" /> <ref n
#* Injuries which reach into the dermis can result in pain due to nerve exposure and or
31 KB (4,624 words) - 03:24, 21 March 2023
...ism spectrum disorders, global developmental delays, tumours or lower limb injuries.<ref name=":7" />
...xion passive range of motion, which can predispose these children to ankle injuries.<ref name=":9">Davies K, Black A, Hunt M, Holsti L. [https://www.sciencedir
17 KB (2,337 words) - 06:51, 14 January 2024
...e hyaline cartilage underlying the patella and sclerosis of the underlying bone. <ref name="gagliardi">Gagliardi JA, Chung EM, Chandnani VP, Kesling KL, Ch
...t.org.uk/Article/10.1302/0301-620X.38B1.95 Chondromalacia of the patella]. Bone & Joint Journal. 1956 Feb 1;38(1):95-113.</ref><ref>Blazer K. Diagnosis and
34 KB (4,983 words) - 16:16, 25 March 2024
'''Bone and joint infection:''' Staphylococci are the most common cause of bone and joint infections. MRSA can cause osteomyelitis of spine, long bones of
| Close physical contact, abrasion injuries, poor hygiene
17 KB (2,379 words) - 08:43, 5 January 2022
...a dislocation of the SC joint.<ref>ALLMAN JR FL. Fractures and ligamentous injuries of the clavicle and its articulation. JBJS. 1967 Jun 1;49(4):774-84.</ref>
...: Motion of the shoulder complex during multiplayer humeral elevation. ''J Bone Joint Surg Am'' 91:378-389, 2009.</ref>:
14 KB (1,878 words) - 11:27, 18 August 2022
...[Elbow|elbow joint]] is made up of three bones: the [[humerus]] (upper arm bone), the [[radius]] and [[ulna]] (two bones in the forearm). At the distal end
...https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/b97243 Operative treatment of elbow injuries.] New York: Springer, 2002.</ref>
46 KB (6,778 words) - 21:11, 29 March 2024
...itions, such as direct trauma or blow to the plica, blunt trauma, twisting injuries, repetitive flexion and extension of the knee, increased activity levels, w
...rosis is significant, changes in the articular surface and the subchondral bone may occur.
30 KB (4,521 words) - 12:08, 20 November 2023
...cetabular rim syndrome: a clinical presentation of dysplasia of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991;73:423– 429.</ref> They frequently occur in individual
#'''Basal surface''' - attached to the acetabular bone and ligaments.<br>
20 KB (2,882 words) - 11:46, 3 May 2024
...gament.<ref name=":4">Frobell R, Cooper R, Morris H, Arendt, H. Acute knee injuries. In: Brukner P, Bahr R, Blair S, Cook J, Crossley K, McConnell J, McCrory P
...atellar realignment <ref name="p3" /><ref name="p8">Castelyn P. Acute knee injuries, diagnostic and treatment managment proposals. Vub University press, 2001.
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...flexors i.e [[Hamstrings|Hamstring]] muscle to lengthen in tandem with the bone, especially when there is inadequate physical therapy to provide active and
* [[Hip]] joint injuries
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...n subjects with SHOX-gene mutation. Bone. 2014 Dec;69:23-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.09.001. Epub 2014 Sep 8. PMID: 25220427.]</ref>. The volar ulnar corne
...rvatively]. ''Cureus''. 2020 May;12(5).</ref> is used to immobilize tissue injuries which could be traumatic or non-traumatic conditions of the hand and the wr
11 KB (1,467 words) - 11:20, 23 July 2023
The foot and ankle form a complex system which consists of 28 [[Bone|bones]], 33 joints, 112 [[Ligament|ligaments]], controlled by 13 extrinsic
...alanges. The articulation of the midfoot and forefoot forms the [[Lisfranc Injuries|Lisfranc]] joint.<ref name=":0">Ficke J, Byerly DW. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.n
27 KB (4,130 words) - 23:29, 30 March 2023
...et.]</ref>. The pelvic inlet involves three of the four units of which the bone pelvis is composed. The pelvic brim involves the first sacral segment, the
* Nerve injuries.
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...est accidentally on the ground or floor or other lower level. Fall-related injuries may be fatal however most are non-fatal. While all people who fall are at r
...falls leading to hip fracture in Iranian population” by Abolhassani et al. BONE 2006:39;408–13.</ref>.
22 KB (3,188 words) - 07:45, 19 June 2023
Certain injuries can also lead to radiculopathy. These injuries include lifting heavy objects improperly or suffering from a minor trauma s
...laminectomy or a discectomy. A laminectomy removes a small portion of the bone covering the nerve to allow it to have additional space. A discectomy remov
16 KB (2,204 words) - 12:30, 17 October 2023
...different functions of the cushions and their ability to prevent pressure injuries. <ref>Agence d’évaluation des technologies et des modes d’intervention
...and internal shear forces of the skin, which reduces the risk of pressure injuries. <ref>Kohta M, Nakamura Y, Yunoki S. The effectiveness of topical aid slidi
17 KB (2,540 words) - 11:05, 12 March 2024
* Are synovial joints - a fibrous capsule encompasses the bone and articulating cartilage and is continuous with the periosteum.
...nce rate of 29 to 60% following [[Whiplash Associated Disorders|whiplash]] injuries; although overall trauma is still a rare cause<ref name=":0" />.
23 KB (3,369 words) - 08:28, 15 June 2021
...of injury commonly includes motor vehicle accidents, high-velocity missile injuries and/ or a direct blow mechanism.
[[Category:Bone - Conditions]]
11 KB (1,469 words) - 08:40, 11 December 2022
...he strong fibrous band that attaches the calf muscles to the [[calcaneus]] bone.
...stematic_Review Defining the terms acute and chronic in orthopaedic sports injuries: a systematic review.] The American journal of sports medicine. 2014 Jan;42
36 KB (5,355 words) - 11:16, 24 May 2023
...r age, location and pattern, age of the patient, as well as any associated injuries.
...":0">Majewski M, Habelt S, Klaus Steinbruck. Epidemiology of athletic knee injuries: A 10-year study. Knee. 2006;13(3):184–188.</ref>
41 KB (5,997 words) - 18:49, 10 March 2024
...ot usually a major problem for most individuals, but can result in unknown injuries if it is very severe
...t options are, therefore, soft tissue surgeries, osteotomies or removal of bone, and joint fusions. These can either be performed on their own or as a comb
12 KB (1,813 words) - 15:01, 19 September 2022
...Neck pain, cervical radiculopathy, and cervical myelopathy. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 84A(10):1872-1881.</ref>. Whether to test for instability
...(2008). Clinical assessment techniques for detecting ligament and membrane injuries in the upper cervical spine region: a comparison with MRI results. Manual T
17 KB (2,433 words) - 08:56, 10 February 2016
...often occurs in athletes and people with a history of other knee ligament injuries after trauma. It is a relatively unusual condition in non-athletes without
...by degeneration and re-calcification of articular cartilage and underlying bone.
17 KB (2,492 words) - 11:23, 18 April 2021
...e changes, repetitive micro traumas, severe traumatic injuries, atraumatic injuries and secondary dysfunctions . <ref name="Horng-chaung et al.">Huo HC, Luo ZP
...br>1. History:<br>The therapist should check for yellow flags for shoulder injuries:
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* Dementia results from a variety of diseases and injuries that primarily or secondarily affect the [[Brain Anatomy|brain]]. [[Alzheim
*Strengthening exercises: to increase bone strength and decrease the risk of osteoporosis.
12 KB (1,838 words) - 11:11, 17 September 2022
...ccur in the setting of either severe trauma or pathologic weakening of the bone, see image R L4 compression fracture.
...AI. Thoracic and lumbar fractures associated with skiing and snowboarding injuries according to the AO comprehensive classi cation. Am J Sports Med 2012 Aug;4
26 KB (3,747 words) - 17:01, 17 January 2023
...me="Osborne">Osborne GV. The surgical treatment of tardy ulnar neuritis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1957;39B:782.</ref><ref name="Tetro">Tetro AM, Pichora DR. C
...lnar nerve's vulnerability to traction, friction and compression. Traction injuries may be the result of longstanding valgus deformity and flexion contractures
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Benefits: "Staying consistent with a strength program leads to increased bone strength, endurance, strength, and muscle tone. Balance and coordination wi
..."Better mobility and functional capacity, increased strength, muscle, and bone mass, improved quality of life factors, reduced body fat, increased metabol
24 KB (3,440 words) - 11:16, 2 May 2024
...patients, with a bone fracture accounting for 56% of cervical spinal cord injuries. Damage to the spinal cord could have serious consequences as it is where t
...ball, ice hockey, football, and rugby, carry a particular risk of cervical injuries as a cervical fracture could occur in actions like spearing an opponent wit
39 KB (5,879 words) - 07:28, 7 May 2023
...in identifying sarcopenia in older, community-dwelling, Brazilian women.] Bone. 2023 Jan 27;13(1).</ref> found that older, community-dwelling women living
...Type, and Strength Training Participation Rates, Preferences, Motivations, Injuries, and Neuromuscular Adaptations.] Journal of Strength and Conditioning Resea
11 KB (1,587 words) - 01:18, 20 March 2024
...name="Gregory">Gregory, P. L., Batt, M. E., & Wallace, W. A. Comparing injuries of spin bowling with fast bowling in young cricketers. Clinical Journal of
...ing and repetitive forces.<ref name="Kruse">Kruse, D. and Lemmen, B. Spine injuries in the sport of gymnastics. Current sports medicine reports. 2009;8(1): 20-
31 KB (4,569 words) - 11:08, 30 June 2023
...cript=sci_arttext&pid=S1681-150X2010000200007 Management of sports overuse injuries of the lower limb: an evidence-based review of the literature.] SA Orthopae
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